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Poronik YM, Baryshnikov GV, Deperasińska I, Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Ågren H, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. Deciphering the unusual fluorescence in weakly coupled bis-nitro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:190. [PMID: 36703353 PMCID: PMC9814504 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-deficient π-conjugated functional dyes lie at the heart of organic optoelectronics. Adding nitro groups to aromatic compounds usually quenches their fluorescence via inter-system crossing (ISC) or internal conversion (IC). While strong electronic coupling of the nitro groups with the dyes ensures the benefits from these electron-withdrawing substituents, it also leads to fluorescence quenching. Here, we demonstrate how such electronic coupling affects the photophysics of acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorescent dyes, with nitrophenyl acceptors and a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole donor. The position of the nitro groups and the donor-acceptor distance strongly affect the fluorescence properties of the bis-nitrotetraphenylpyrrolopyrroles. Concurrently, increasing solvent polarity quenches the emission that recovers upon solidifying the media. Intramolecular charge transfer (CT) and molecular dynamics, therefore, govern the fluorescence of these nitro-aromatics. While balanced donor-acceptor coupling ensures fast radiative deactivation and slow ISC essential for large fluorescence quantum yields, vibronic borrowing accounts for medium dependent IC via back CT. These mechanistic paradigms set important design principles for molecular photonics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen M. Poronik
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eli M. Espinoza
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: College of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - John A. Clark
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Hans Ågren
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
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Valiev RR, Nasibullin RT, Cherepanov VN, Baryshnikov GV, Sundholm D, Ågren H, Minaev BF, Kurtén T. First-principles calculations of anharmonic and deuteration effects on the photophysical properties of polyacenes and porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22314-22323. [PMID: 33020794 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for calculating internal conversion rate constants (k[combining low line]IC), including anharmonic effects and using the Lagrangian multiplier technique, is proposed. The deuteration effect on k[combining low line]IC is investigated for naphthalene, anthracene, free-base porphyrin (H2P) and tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP). The results show that anharmonic effects are important when calculating k[combining low line]IC for transitions between electronic states that are energetically separated (ΔE) by more than 20 000-25 000 cm-1. Anharmonic effects are also important when ΔE < 20 000-25 000 cm-1 and when the accepting modes are X-H stretching vibrations with a frequency larger than 2000 cm-1. The calculations show that there is mixing between the S1 and S2 states of naphthalene induced by non-adiabatic interactions. The non-adiabatic interaction matrix element between the S1 and S2 states is 250 cm-1 and 50 cm-1 for the normal and fully deuterated naphthalene structure and this difference significantly affects the estimated fluorescence quantum yield. Besides aromatic hydrocarbons H2P and H2TPP, the k[combining low line]IC rate constant is also calculated for pyrometene (PM567) and tetraoxa[8]circulene (4B) with a detailed analysis of the effect of the vibrational anharmonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Valiev
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Pedersen SK, Eriksen K, Ågren H, Minaev BF, Karaush-Karmazin NN, Hammerich O, Baryshnikov GV, Pittelkow M. A Fully Conjugated Planar Heterocyclic [9]Circulene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14058-14063. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristina Eriksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Enginnering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya N. Karaush-Karmazin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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