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Qi Q, Li Z, Yin H, Feng Y, Zhou Z, Rong D. Analysis of Transient Thermoacoustic Characteristics and Performance in Carbon Nanotube Sponge Underwater Transducers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:817. [PMID: 38786774 PMCID: PMC11123856 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in marine technology have highlighted the urgent need for enhanced underwater acoustic applications, from sonar detection to communication and noise cancellation, driving the pursuit of innovative transducer technologies. In this paper, a new underwater thermoacoustic (TA) transducer made from carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge is designed to achieve wide bandwidth, high energy conversion efficiency, simple structure, good transient response, and stable sound response, utilizing the TA effect through electro-thermal modulation. The transducer has potential application in underwater acoustic communication. An electro-thermal-acoustic coupled simulation for the open model, sandwich model, and encapsulated model is presented to analyze the transient behaviors of CNT sponge TA transducers in liquid environments. The effects of key design parameters on the acoustic performances of both systems are revealed. The results demonstrate that a short pulse excitation with a low duty cycle could greatly improve the heat dissipation of the encapsulated transducer, especially when the thermoacoustic response time becomes comparable to thermal relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianshou Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Q.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Q.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huilin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Q.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Feng
- Jiangxi Copper Technology Institute Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China;
| | - Zhenhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Q.Q.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dalun Rong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Kim J, Jung G, Jung S, Bae MH, Yeom J, Park J, Lee Y, Kim YR, Kang DH, Oh JH, Park S, An KS, Ko H. Shape-Configurable MXene-Based Thermoacoustic Loudspeakers with Tunable Sound Directivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306637. [PMID: 37740254 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Film-type shape-configurable speakers with tunable sound directivity are in high demand for wearable electronics. Flexible, thin thermoacoustic (TA) loudspeakers-which are free from bulky vibrating diaphragms-show promise in this regard. However, configuring thin TA loudspeakers into arbitrary shapes is challenging because of their low sound pressure level (SPL) under mechanical deformations and low conformability to other surfaces. By carefully controlling the heat capacity per unit area and thermal effusivity of an MXene conductor and substrates, respectively, it fabricates an ultrathin MXene-based TA loudspeaker exhibiting high SPL output (74.5 dB at 15 kHz) and stable sound performance for 14 days. Loudspeakers with the parylene substrate, whose thickness is less than the thermal penetration depth, generated bidirectional and deformation-independent sound in bent, twisted, cylindrical, and stretched-kirigami configurations. Furthermore, it constructs parabolic and spherical versions of ultrathin, large-area (20 cm × 20 cm) MXene-based TA loudspeakers, which display sound-focusing and 3D omnidirectional-sound-generating attributes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonyoung Jung
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhee Jung
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ryul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoung Park
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok An
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Feng Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Qi Q, Tong Z, Rong D, Zhou Z. Design and characteristic analysis of flexible CNT film patch for potential application in ultrasonic therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:195502. [PMID: 36753751 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acba1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic therapy has drawn increasing attention due to its noninvasiveness, great sensitivity and strong penetration capabilities. However, most of traditional rigid ultrasonic probes cannot achieve a solid interfacial contact with irregular nonplanar surfaces, which leads to unstable therapeutic effects and limitations of widespread use in practical applications. In this paper, a new flexible ultrasonic patch based on carbon nanotube (CNT) films is designed and fabricated to achieve a potential application in ultrasonic therapy. This patch is composed of a CNT film, a thermal protective layer and a heat sinking layer, and has the advantages of simple structure, soft, ultrathin and completely conforming to the treatment area. Theoretical and experimental studies are performed to investigate the acoustic and temperature fields before and after deformation. Effects of key design parameters of the patch on acoustic performances and temperature distributions are revealed. Numerical results indicate that the CNT film patch can produce ultrasounds over a wide frequency range and temperatures under the threshold of burn injury whether it is bent or not. Furthermore, it is also noted that the sound waves emitted from the bending patch are focused at the center of the bending patch, which demonstrates that the target treatment area can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Houyang Li
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Chengdu, 610203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianshou Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Tong
- College of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalun Rong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Analysis of Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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Research Progress on the Preparation and Applications of Laser-Induced Graphene Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142336. [PMID: 35889560 PMCID: PMC9317010 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been regarded as a potential application material in the field of new energy conversion and storage because of its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional graphene preparation methods are complicated in-process and difficult to form patterned structures. In recent years, laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has received a large amount of attention from scholars and has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, air filters, water treatment, etc. In this paper, we summarized a variety of preparation methods for graphene. The effects of laser processing parameters, laser type, precursor materials, and process atmosphere on the properties of the prepared LIG were reviewed. Then, two strategies for large-scale production of LIG were briefly described. We also discussed the wide applications of LIG in the fields of signal sensing, environmental protection, and energy storage. Finally, we briefly outlined the future trends of this research direction.
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Zhu J, Huang X, Song W. Physical and Chemical Sensors on the Basis of Laser-Induced Graphene: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18708-18741. [PMID: 34881870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced rapidly by directly irradiating carbonaceous precursors, and it naturally exhibits as a three-dimensional porous structure. Due to advantages such as simple preparation, time-saving, environmental friendliness, low cost, and expanding categories of raw materials, LIG and its derivatives have achieved broad applications in sensors. This has been witnessed in various fields such as wearable devices, disease diagnosis, intelligent robots, and pollution detection. However, despite LIG sensors having demonstrated an excellent capability to monitor physical and chemical parameters, the systematic review of synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and applications of them combined with comparison against other preparation approaches of graphene is still lacking. Here, graphene-based sensors for physical, biological, and chemical detection are reviewed first, followed by the introduction of general preparation methods for the laser-induced method to yield graphene. The preparation and advantages of LIG, sensing mechanisms, and the properties of different types of emerging LIG-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, possible solutions to the problems and challenges of preparing LIG and LIG-based sensors are proposed. This review may serve as a detailed reference to guide the development of LIG-based sensors that possess properties for future smart sensors in health care, environmental protection, and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weixing Song
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
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