Ni(OH)2-electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as anode electrocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell in alkaline media

Electrochemical Sensors Based on a Composite of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and PEDOT:PSS for Hydrazine Detection

In this study, hydrazine sensors were developed from a composite of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The structural properties, electrochemical characterization, and surface morphologies of this hydrazine sensor were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the proposed hydrazine sensor also demonstrates good electrochemical and analytical performance when investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry techniques under optimal parameters. Using these investigated parameters, DPV and amperometry were chosen as techniques for hydrazine measurements and showed a linear range of concentration in the range of 0.2-100 μM. The obtained limits of detection and limits of quantitation for hydrazine measurements were 0.01 and 0.03 μM, respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor demonstrated good reproducibility and stability in hydrazine measurements in eight consecutive days. This fabricated hydrazine sensor also exhibited good selectivity against interference from Mg²⁺, K⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Na⁺, NO₂ ^-, CH₃COO^-, SO₄ ^2-, Cl^-, ascorbic acid, chlorophenol, and triclosan and combined interferences, as well as it depicted %RSD values of less than 5%. In conclusion, this proposed sensor based on GCE modified with ErGO/PEDOT:PSS displays exceptional electrochemical performance for use in hydrazine measurements and have the potential to be employed in practical applications.