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Bezrodnyi VV, Mikhtaniuk SE, Shavykin OV, Sheveleva NN, Markelov DA, Neelov IM. A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Complexes of Fullerenes and Lysine-Based Peptide Dendrimers with and without Glycine Spacers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:691. [PMID: 38255765 PMCID: PMC10815860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new nanocontainers for hydrophobic drugs is one of the most important tasks of drug delivery. Dendrimers with hydrophobic interiors and soluble terminal groups have already been used as drug carriers. However, the most convenient candidates for this purpose are peptide dendrimers since their interiors could be modified by hydrophobic amino acid residues with a greater affinity for the transported molecules. The goal of this work is to perform the first molecular dynamics study of the complex formation of fullerenes C60 and C70 with Lys-2Gly, Lys G2, and Lys G3 peptide dendrimers in water. We carried out such simulations for six different systems and demonstrated that both fullerenes penetrate all these dendrimers and form stable complexes with them. The density and hydrophobicity inside the complex are greater than in dendrimers without fullerene, especially for complexes with Lys-2Gly dendrimers. It makes the internal regions of complexes less accessible to water and counterions and increases electrostatic and zeta potential compared to single dendrimers. The results for complexes based on Lys G2 and Lys G3 dendrimers are similar but less pronounced. Thus, all considered peptide dendrimers and especially the Lys-2Gly dendrimer could be used as nanocontainers for the delivery of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V. Bezrodnyi
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Sofia E. Mikhtaniuk
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Shavykin
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Mathematics, Tver State University, Sadoviy Per., 35, 170102 Tver, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N. Sheveleva
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Denis A. Markelov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Igor M. Neelov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wang L, Wang GT, Zhao X, Jiang XK, Li ZT. Hydrogen Bonding-Directed Quantitative Self-Assembly of Cyclotriveratrylene Capsules and Their Encapsulation of C60 and C70. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3531-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gui-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Kui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Hahn U, Nierengarten JF, Delavaux-Nicot B, Monti F, Chiorboli C, Armaroli N. Fullerodendrimers with a perylenediimide core. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Owing to their peculiar electronic properties, fullerene derivatives are attractive building blocks for dendrimer chemistry. Whereas, for the main part, the fullerene-containing dendrimers reported so far have been prepared with a C60 core, dendritic structures with fullerene units at their surface or with C60 spheres in the dendritic branches have been more scarcely considered. This is mainly associated with the difficulties related to the synthesis of fullerene-rich molecules. In this review, the most recent developments on the molecular engineering of fullerene-rich dendrons and dendrimers are presented to illustrate the current state-of-the-art of fullerene chemistry for the preparation of new dendritic materials.
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Mahmud IM, Zhou N, Wang L, Zhao Y. Triazole-linked dendro[60]fullerenes: modular synthesis via a ‘click’ reaction and acidity-dependent self-assembly on the surface. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Delavaux-Nicot B, Kaeser A, Hahn U, Gégout A, Brandli PE, Duhayon C, Coppel Y, Saquet A, Nierengarten JF. Organotin chemistry for the preparation of fullerene-rich nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b716506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stephan H, Juran S, Born K, Comba P, Geipel G, Hahn U, Werner N, Vögtle F. Hydrophilic oxybathophenanthroline ligands: synthesis and copper(ii) complexation. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This critical review documents the exceptional range of research avenues in [60]fullerene-based monolayers showing unique and spectacular physicochemical properties which prompted such materials to have potential applications in several directions, ranging from sensors and photovoltaic cells to nanostructured devices for advanced electronic applications, that have been pursued during the past decade. It illustrates how progress in covalent [60]fullerene functionalisation led to the development of spectacular surface-immobilised architectures, including dyads and triads for photoinduced electron and energy transfer, self-assembled on a wide variety of surfaces. All of these molecular assemblies and supramolecular arrays feature distinct properties as a consequence of the presence of different molecular units and their spatial arrangement. Since the properties of [60]fullerene-containing films are profoundly controlled by the deposition conditions, substrate of adsorption, and influenced by impurities or disordered surface structures, the progress of such new [60]fullerene-based materials strongly relies on the development of new versatile and broad preparative methodologies. Therefore, the systematic exploration of the most common approaches to prepare and characterise [60]fullerene-containing monolayers embedded into two- or three-dimensional networks will be reviewed in great detail together with their main limitations. Recent investigations hinting at potential technological applications addressing many important fundamental issues, such as a better understanding of interfacial electron transfer, ion transport in thin films, photovoltaic devices and the dynamics associated with monolayer self-assembly, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bonifazi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Hahn U, Cardinali F, Nierengarten JF. Supramolecular chemistry for the self-assembly of fullerene-rich dendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b612873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Figueira-Duarte TM, Gégout A, Nierengarten JF. Molecular and supramolecular C60–oligophenylenevinylene conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:109-19. [PMID: 17180218 DOI: 10.1039/b609383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives are attractive building blocks for the preparation of molecular and supramolecular photoactive devices. As a part of this research, combination of C60 with oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) subunits has generated significant research efforts. These results are summarized in the present account to illustrate the current state-of-the-art of fullerene chemistry for the development of new photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Figueira-Duarte
- Groupe de Chimie des Fullerènes et des Systèmes Conjugués, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Bernhardt S, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Dendritic Encapsulation – “Postsynthetic” Functionalizations of a Single Benzophenone Shielded by Shape-Persistent Polyphenylene Dendrons. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stephan H, Geipel G, Bernhard G, Comba P, Rajaraman G, Hahn U, Vögtle F. Synthesis and Binding Properties of Dendritic Oxybathophenanthroline Ligands towards Copper(II). Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gumienna-Kontecka E, Rio Y, Bourgogne C, Elhabiri M, Louis R, Albrecht-Gary AM, Nierengarten JF. Dendrimers with a Copper(I) Bis(phenanthroline) Core: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Kinetics. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:3200-9. [PMID: 15132627 DOI: 10.1021/ic049945y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I) bis(chelate) complex Cu(L(0))(2) has been prepared from 2,9-diphenethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)BF(4). Derivative Cu(L(0))(2) has been characterized by NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, owing to the presence of the ethylene linker, the interligand pi-pi stacking interactions between the phenyl rings and the phenanthroline subunits in Cu(L(0))(2) do not induce significant distortions of the pseudotetrahedral symmetry around the Cu(I) center in the solid state or in solution. Following the synthesis of Cu(L(0))(2), dendrimers Cu(L(1)(-)(4))(2) with a Cu(I) bis(2,9-diphenethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) core surrounded by Fréchet type dendritic branches have been prepared and the kinetics of their cyanide-assisted demetalation studied. Importantly, the surrounding dendritic wedges have no significant influence on the coordination geometry of the Cu(I) center, as deduced from their absorption spectra. Therefore, the variations of the rate constants only reflect changes resulting from the presence of the dendritic branches. The kinetics of the cyanide-mediated demetalation reaction indeed revealed that cyanide diffusion through the dendritic shell is slightly influenced by the size of the branches. Significant effects were observed in the kinetics when going from the third to the fourth generation and have been ascribed to changes in the lipophilicity around the metallic core as a result of dendritic encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gumienna-Kontecka
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, Université Louis Pasteur et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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