Parent-amido (NH2) palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, reactions, and catalytic hydroamination

Understanding the reaction mechanism of the oxidative addition of ammonia by (PXP)Ir(i) complexes: the role of the X group

An analysis of the electronic rearrangements for the oxidative addition of ammonia to a set of five representative (PXP)Ir pincer complexes (X = B, CH, O, N, SiH) is performed. We aim to understand the factors controlling the activation and reaction energies of this process by combining different theoretical strategies based on DFT calculations. Interestingly, complexes featuring higher activation barriers yield more exothermic reactions. The analysis of the reaction path using the bonding evolution theory shows that the main chemical events, N-H bond cleavage and Ir-H bond formation, take place before the transition structure is reached. Metal oxidation implies an electron density transfer from non-shared Ir pairs to the Ir-N bond. This decrement in the atomic charge of the metal provokes different effects in the ionic contribution of the Ir-X bonding depending on the nature of the X atom as shown by the interacting quantum atoms methodology.

Reactivity of the parent amido complexes of iridium with olefins: C-NH2 bond formation versus C-H activation

Herein we report on the different chemical reactivity displayed by two mononuclear terminal amido compounds depending on the nature of the coordinated diene. Hence, treatment of amido-bridged iridium complexes [{Ir(μ-NH₂)(tfbb)}₃] (1; tfbb = tetrafluorobenzobarrelene) with dppp (dppp = bis(diphenylphosphane)propane) leads to the rupture of the amido bridges forming the mononuclear terminal amido compound [Ir(NH₂)(dppp)(tfbb)] (3) in the first stage. On changing the reaction conditions, the formation of a C-NH₂ bond between the amido moiety and the coordinated diene is observed and a new dinuclear complex [{Ir(1,2-η²-4-κ-C₁₂H₈F₄N)(dppp)}₂(μ-dppp)] (4) has been isolated. On the contrary, the diiridium amido-bridged complex [{Ir(μ-NH₂)(cod)}₂] (2; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the presence of dppb (dppb = bis(diphenylphosphane)butane) allows the isolation of a mononuclear complex [Ir(1,2,3-η³-6-κ-C₈H₁₀)H(dppb)] (5), as a consequence of the extrusion of ammonia. The monitoring of the reaction of 2 with dppb (and dppp) allowed us to detect terminal amido complexes [Ir(NH₂)(P-P)(cod)] (P-P = dppb (6), dppp (7)) in solution, as confirmed by an X-ray analysis of 7. Complex 7 was observed to evolve into hydrido species 5 at room temperature. DFT studies showed that C-H bond activation occurs through the deprotonation of one methylene fragment of the cod ligand by the highly basic terminal amido moiety instead of C-H oxidative addition to the Ir(i) center.