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Mohamad NS, Zakaria NH, Daud N, Tan LL, Ta GC, Heng LY, Hassan NI. The Role of 8-Amidoquinoline Derivatives as Fluorescent Probes for Zinc Ion Determination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E311. [PMID: 33466407 PMCID: PMC7796522 DOI: 10.3390/s21010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mass-spectrometry-based and X-ray fluorescence-based techniques have allowed the study of the distribution of Zn2+ ions at extracellular and intracellular levels over the past few years. However, there are some issues during purification steps, sample preparation, suitability for quantification, and the instruments' availability. Therefore, work on fluorescent sensors based on 8-aminoquinoline as tools to detect Zn2+ ions in environmental and biological applications has been popular. Introducing various carboxamide groups into an 8-aminoquinoline molecule to create 8-amidoquinoline derivatives to improve water solubility and cell membrane permeability is also a recent trend. This review aims to present a general overview of the fluorophore 8-aminoquinoline and its derivatives as Zn2+ receptors for zinc sensor probes. Various fluorescent chemosensor designs based on 8-amidoquinoline and their effectiveness and potential as a recognition probe for zinc analysis were discussed. Based on this review, it can be concluded that derivatives of 8-amidoquinoline have vast potential as functional receptors for zinc ions primarily because of their fast reactivity, good selectivity, and bio-compatibility, especially for biological applications. To better understand the Zn2+ ion fluorophores' function, diversity of the coordination complex and geometries need further studies. This review provides information in elucidating, designing, and exploring new 8-amidoquinoline derivatives for future studies for the improvement of chemosensors that are selective and sensitive to Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syamimi Mohamad
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.M.); (L.L.T.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Nur Hanis Zakaria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.Z.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Nurulhaidah Daud
- Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.M.); (L.L.T.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Goh Choo Ta
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.M.); (L.L.T.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.Z.); (L.Y.H.)
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.Z.); (L.Y.H.)
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