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Chen M, Lin E, Xiao R, Li Z, Liu B, Wang J. Structural Characteristic, Strong Antioxidant, and Anti-Gastric Cancer Investigations on an Oleoresin from Ginger ( Zingiber officinale var. roscoe). Foods 2024; 13:1498. [PMID: 38790798 PMCID: PMC11119446 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that ginger oleoresin contains various active components and possesses bioactivities. In this study, ginger oleoresin from Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale var. roscoe) was extracted using a CO2 supercritical fluid extraction method with a 0.52% yield (g/g), based on dry weights. Zingiberene with a content of 51.6 mg/g was the main volatile in the ginger oleoresin. In total, 17 phenolic compounds were identified, and their contents were calculated as 587.54 mg/g. Among them, a new gingertriol was detected in the Z. officinale. Antioxidant activity tests showed that the ginger oleoresin and six gingerols exhibited strong scavenging free radical activities, and the zingerone exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 11.3 µg/mL for the 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 19.0 µg/mL for the 2, 2'-amino-di (2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt radical cation, comparable to vitamin C. Ginger oleoresin inhibits HGC-27 human gastric cancer cell proliferation at a rate of 4.05~41.69% and induces cell apoptosis at a rate of 10.4~20.9%. The Western blot result demonstrated that the AKT signaling pathway has the potential mechanism of ginger oleoresin acting on HGC-27 cells. The anticancer potential of the gingerol standards on HGC-27 cells followed the order of 8-gingerol > 6-gingerol > 10-gingerol > zingerone. The different antioxidant and anticancer potentials of the ginger phenolic compounds could be attributed to the presence of hydroxyl groups in the unbranched 1-alkyl chain and the length of carbon side chain. Consequently, ginger oleoresin shows substantial antioxidant and anticancer therapeutic potential and can be used for novel food-drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (M.C.); (E.L.); (R.X.); (B.L.)
| | - Enquan Lin
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (M.C.); (E.L.); (R.X.); (B.L.)
| | - Rongfeng Xiao
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (M.C.); (E.L.); (R.X.); (B.L.)
| | - Zuliang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (M.C.); (E.L.); (R.X.); (B.L.)
| | - Jieping Wang
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (M.C.); (E.L.); (R.X.); (B.L.)
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Vaglica A, Porrello A, Badalamenti N, Ilardi V, Bruno M. The chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oil of Stachys ocymastrum L. Briq. (Lamiaceae) growing in Sicily (Italy). Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37626021 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2250515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 300 species as annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs, spread in temperate regions of Mediterranean, Asia, America, and Southern Africa. Several species have been used in the traditional medicine to treat stress, skin inflammations, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, and genital tumours. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys ocymastrum L. Briq., belonging to section Olisia, endemic of the Western Mediterranean and Greece and collected in Sicily, was analysed by GC-MS. No one report has been previously published on any European accession of this species. The result showed the presence of large quantity of the diterpenoid phytol (23.80%). Other metabolites present in high quantity were β-caryophyllene (17.95%), geranyl-α-terpinene (13.26%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.85%). Chemical considerations with respect all the other oils of Stachys taxa, belonging to section Olisia studied so far, were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vaglica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Bai R, Sun J, Qiao X, Zheng Z, Li M, Zhang B. Hot Air Convective Drying of Ginger Slices: Drying Behaviour, Quality Characteristics, Optimisation of Parameters, and Volatile Fingerprints Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061283. [PMID: 36981210 PMCID: PMC10047944 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger is one of the most popular spices and medical herbs with its unique pungent flavour and taste. Although there has been much research into the drying methods of ginger, the effect of drying parameters in hot air convective drying on ginger quality needs to be explored in depth. This study investigated the differences in drying behaviour and quality characteristics of ginger with the variables of temperature, thickness, and loading density. The moisture states and diffusion pattern in the different stages during the drying process were analysed using low-field NMR techniques. The results of quality evaluation showed that the temperature greatly influenced the colour and gingerol content of dried ginger, and the thickness of a ginger slice greatly influenced the rehydration rate. Optimal drying conditions were determined by considering a combination of specific energy consumptions with quality retention based on the response surface methodology: a temperature of 66.41 °C, thickness of 2 mm, and loading density of 5 kg/m2. HS-GC-IMS combined with multivariate chemometrics was used to achieve the characterisation of flavour profiles and fingerprinting of dried ginger. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed that the alterations in ginger quality were intimately related to moisture diffusion during drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jieru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.Z.)
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Quach H, Le TV, Nguyen TT, Nguyen P, Nguyen CK, Dang LH. Nano-Lipids Based on Ginger Oil and Lecithin as a Potential Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081654. [PMID: 36015280 PMCID: PMC9412309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles based on lecithin are an interesting part of drug delivery systems. However, the stability of lecithin nano-lipids is problematic due to the degradation of lecithin, causing a decrease in pH. In this study, the modification of the conventional nano-lipid-based soybean lecithin was demonstrated. Ginger-oil-derived Zingiber officinale was used along with lecithin, cholesterol and span 80 to fabricate nano-lipids (GL nano-lipids) using a thin-film method. TEM and a confocal microscope were used to elucidate GL nano-lipids’ liposome-like morphology. The average size of the resultant nano-lipid was 249.1 nm with monodistribution (PDI = 0.021). The ζ potential of GL nano-lipids was negative, similarly to as-prepared nano-lipid-based lecithin. GL nano-lipid were highly stable over 60 days of storage at room temperature in terms of size and ζ potential. A shift in pH value from alkaline to acid was detected in lecithin nano-lipids, while with the incorporation of ginger oil, the pH value of nano-lipid dispersion was around 7.0. Furthermore, due to the richness of shogaol-6 and other active compounds in ginger oil, the GL nano-lipid was endowed with intrinsic antibacterial activity. In addition, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and live/dead imaging revealed the excellent biocompatibility of GL nano-lipids. Notably, GL nano-lipids were capable of carrying hydrophobic compounds such as curcumin and performed a pH-dependent release profile. A subsequent characterization showed their suitable potential for drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Quach
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuong-Vi Le
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Thuy Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, HCMC University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (C.K.N.); (L.H.D.)
| | - Cuu Khoa Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (C.K.N.); (L.H.D.)
| | - Le Hang Dang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (C.K.N.); (L.H.D.)
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Effect of Solar Drying and Vinegar Pretreatment on the Antioxidant Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Sliced Ginger. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3675626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of concrete solar dryer (CSD) to stainless steel solar dryer (SSSD) in terms of the effect of drying and 10% vinegar pretreatment on antioxidant activities of ginger rhizome using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay, and total antioxidant methods was investigated. The effect of the two solar dryers and open-sun drying (OSD) on bioactive compound composition of the 10% vinegar pretreated sliced ginger using ethanol and aqueous extracts with GCMS/MS identification was also evaluated. The antioxidant activities of ethanol and aqueous extract of the 10% vinegar pretreated ginger using FRAP, DPPH, and total antioxidant methods were all higher than that of the dried samples, with CSD having the highest antioxidant activities among the dried methods. Drying reduced the main bioactive compound, which is gingerol, from 47.97% in the fresh sample to 32.49% in the OSD sample. The CSD sample demonstrated close likeness to the fresh sample with regard to retaining the highest gingerol and α-zingiberene. Hence, CSD can be adopted for commercial processing of ginger to reduce postharvest losses of the crop.
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Samrat NH, Johnson JB, White S, Naiker M, Brown P. A Rapid Non-Destructive Hyperspectral Imaging Data Model for the Prediction of Pungent Constituents in Dried Ginger. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050649. [PMID: 35267285 PMCID: PMC8909893 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger is best known for its aromatic odour, spicy flavour and health-benefiting properties. Its flavour is derived primarily from two compound classes (gingerols and shogaols), with the overall quality of the product depending on the interaction between these compounds. Consequently, a robust method for determining the ratio of these compounds would be beneficial for quality control purposes. This study investigated the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging to rapidly determine the ratio of 6-gingerol to 6-shogoal in dried ginger powder. Furthermore, the performance of several pre-processing methods and two multivariate models was explored. The best-performing models used partial least squares regression (PSLR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), using multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and second derivative Savitzky–Golay (2D-SG) pre-processing. Using the full range of wavelengths (~400–1000 nm), the performance was similar for PLSR (R2 ≥ 0.73, RMSE ≤ 0.29, and RPD ≥ 1.92) and LASSO models (R2 ≥ 0.73, RMSE ≤ 0.29, and RPD ≥ 1.94). These results suggest that hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometric modelling may potentially be used as a rapid, non-destructive method for the prediction of gingerol-to-shogaol ratios in powdered ginger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahidul Hoque Samrat
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia; (S.W.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Joel B. Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.B.J.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Simon White
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia; (S.W.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.B.J.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Philip Brown
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia; (S.W.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
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Development and Validation of a 96-Well Microplate Assay for the Measurement of Total Phenolic Content in Ginger Extracts. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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