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Cui Z, Amevor FK, Lan X, Tang B, Qin S, Fu P, Liu A, Liu L. Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed specific genes and metabolites affecting meat quality of chickens under different rearing systems. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103994. [PMID: 38991385 PMCID: PMC11296026 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Different rearing systems have varying effect on animal welfare and meat quality of poultry. Currently, there are no established standards for the rearing systems of Chinese indigenous chickens. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different rearing systems on the meat quality, gene profiles, and metabolites of Chinese indigenous chickens (Nanchuan chicken). 10-wk-old Nanchuan chickens (n=360) were randomly divided into 3 groups (cage, net, and free-range groups), with 6 replicates per group (20 chickens per replicate). The experiment lasted for 12 wk. At 154-days-old, 36 healthy chickens (6 males and 6 females per group) were randomly selected, euthanized, and their breast muscles were collected to assess the meat quality parameters and histomorphological characteristics. Additionally, breast muscles from 18 random hens (3 males and 3 females per group) were used for metabolomics and RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that rearing systems significantly affected the meat quality and myofiber characteristics. The meat quality of breast muscles from free-range chickens was superior to that of caged chickens, characterized by more tender meat and smaller myofiber cross-sectional areas. Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes of chicken breast muscles were primarily involved in the myofiber differentiation. Mechanically, the improved meat quality of breast muscle in free-range chickens were mainly associated with enhanced skeletal muscle differentiation facilitated by fibromodulin, increased levels of up-regulated Acetyl-L-carnitine and Propionylcarnitine level, and decreased levels of Nonanoic acid and Elaidic acid abundance (Graphical abstract). This provides a comprehensive understanding of the most effective and sustainable breeding, production, and rearing systems for Chinese indigenous chickens. It also contributes to the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of rearing systems on growth performance and meat quality of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bincheng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Anfang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China.
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Chen W, Ma H, Jiang Q, Shen C. Evolution of volatile compounds of baked dried tofu during catalytic infrared baking process and their correlation with relevant physicochemical properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6449-6460. [PMID: 38497522 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-saving and low-carbon baking processes, as well as the need to determine the flavor-forming mechanisms of baked dried tofu, are becoming increasingly necessary. The application of emerging catalytic infrared radiation (CIR) technology in baking of dried tofu is considered of high interest due to the low energy consumption and high baking efficiency compared to traditional baking methods. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the evolution of aroma compounds in baked dried tofu during the CIR baking process and reveal relevant relationships between physical qualities, potential flavor precursors and key volatile compounds. RESULTS The results showed that the surface color of dried tofu gradually turned an appetizing golden yellow color during the rapid heating process, caused by the uniform infrared radiation from the radiant emitters. Meanwhile, the moisture of dried tofu experienced minimal reduction and the hardness of dried tofu gradually increased with the formation of crust on the surface. In addition, 49 volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 13 substances - 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-pentanol, heptanal, nonanal, hexanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, 2-heptanone and 2-pentylfuran - were confirmed as key aroma compounds. Moreover, the amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, lysine and arginine, and the fatty acids butyric, caprylic, capric, tridecanoic, stearic, oleic and linolenic were responsible for the unique flavor of CIR-baked dried tofu. CONCLUSION Consequently, the findings can provide a scientific basis for manufacturers to achieve precise quality control and large-scale production of CIR-baked dried tofu products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Jiang
- Meibo Infrared Technology Co., Ltd, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang L, Gao J, Li G, Cheng J, Yuan G, Zhang T, Zeng W, Lu H. Identification of Metabolites in Muscles of Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: A Comparative Analysis of Caged and Cage-Free Rearing Modes Using Untargeted Metabolomic Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2041. [PMID: 39061503 PMCID: PMC11274139 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lueyang black-bone chicken is a specific native chicken strain in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different rearing systems on the meat quality of Lueyang black-bone chickens. Six hundred Lueyang black-bone hens were randomly divided into two groups at 7 weeks of age and raised in cage and cage-free systems for 20 weeks. The carcass yield, meat quality, and total metabolites were measured in both the leg and breast muscles. By comparison, the carcass yield of hens in the cage-free (CF) group (1.26 ± 0.09 kg) was significantly lower than that in the caged rearing (CR) group (1.52 ± 0.15 kg). However, the shear force of leg muscles in the CF group (27.98 ± 2.43 N) was significantly greater than that in the CR group (24.15 ± 1.93 N). In addition, six samples from each group were randomly selected and their metabolites were detected by the non-targeted metabolomics technique. Among these metabolites, 408 and 354 significantly differentially abundant metabolites were identified in breast and leg muscles, which were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We found that the levels of 19 phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines, were significantly greater in the CF group than in the CR group. Additionally, the contents of eight unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were dramatically greater in the CF group than in the caged group. The accumulation of 4-hydroxy-proline, glutamate, and adenosine 3'-monophosphate (AMP) was enhanced in the CF group. Moreover, many more volatile organic compounds were identified in the muscles of the cage-free group, enhancing the flavor of the chicken meat. In conclusion, the cage-free rearing mode facilitates the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances in the chicken meat and is a better rearing system for Lueyang black-bone chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Guojin Li
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Shaanxi Baiweiyuan Network Technology Company, Hanzhong 724300, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
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Li H, Zhao X, Qin S, Li J, Tang D, Xi B. GC-IMS and multivariate analyses of volatile organic components in different Chinese breeds of chickens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29664. [PMID: 38655366 PMCID: PMC11035028 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the difference in volatile flavor characteristics among four different local breeds of chicken by headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with multivariate analysis. In total, 65 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified (17 aldehydes, 12 alcohols, 7 ketones, 5 esters, 2 acids, and 22 unidentified, i.e., 26.15% aldehydes, 18.46% alcohols, 10.77% ketones, 7.69% esters, 3.08% acids, and 33.84% unidentified), of which 43 were annotated. The chicken meats from the four breeds exhibited good separation in topographic plots, VOC fingerprinting, and multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, 20 different volatile components, with variable importance in projection value > 1, were selected as potential markers to distinguish different breeds of chicken by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). These findings provide insights into the flavor traits of chicken meat. Also, HS-GC-IMS combined with multivariate analysis can be a convenient and powerful method for characterizing different meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shizhen Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Defu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Bin Xi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
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Shen H, Wang Y, Shi P, Li H, Chen Y, Hu T, Yu Y, Wang J, Yang F, Luo H, Yu L. Effects of the Species and Growth Stage on the Antioxidant and Antifungal Capacities, Polyphenol Contents, and Volatile Profiles of Bamboo Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:480. [PMID: 38338615 PMCID: PMC10855892 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bamboo leaves contain high concentrations of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols and volatiles, making them attractive as raw resources for antioxidant additives in the food industry. Here, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four bamboo leaf extracts from two species (Phyllostachys edulis and Chimonocalamus delicatus) at two growth stages (first and second years). Antioxidant capacity was determined based on the radical-scavenging capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+). We also assessed the antifungal capacity based on mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum musae (C. musae), Botrytis cinerea (B. cinereain), and Alternaria alternata (A. alternata). Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the TPC was significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations against DPPH and ABTS+, whereas the TFC was positively correlated with C. musae and B. cinereain growth inhibition, which suggest that TPC and TFC might be the major contributors to the antioxidant and antifungal capacities of bamboo leaves, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of bamboo leaves were also analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The VOCs included twenty-four aldehydes, eleven alcohols, four furans, seven esters, fifteen terpenes, three ketones, one pyrazine, and thirty unidentified compounds. Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to assess the differences in the volatile profiles of the four bamboo leaf samples, from which 23 discriminatory VOCs with variable importance in the projection values > 1 were screened, and part of them were impacted by species or growth stage. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the use of bamboo leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Pingping Shi
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Hong Li
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (T.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (T.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Datong University, Datong 037054, China;
| | - Fang Yang
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
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Wang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Wang Y, Yang W, Zhao W, Zhao G, Cui H, Wen J. Identification of characteristic aroma compounds in chicken meat and their metabolic mechanisms using gas chromatography-olfactometry, odor activity values, and metabolomics. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113782. [PMID: 38129007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aroma has an important influence on the aroma quality of chicken meat. This study aimed to identify the characteristic aroma substances in chicken meat and elucidate their metabolic mechanisms. Using gas chromatography-olfactometry and odor activity values, we identified nonanal, octanal, and dimethyl tetrasulfide as the basic characteristic aroma compounds in chicken meat, present in several breeds. Hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-nonenal, heptanal, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal were breed-specific aroma compounds found in native Chinese chickens but not in the meat of white-feathered broilers. Metabolomics analysis showed that L-glutamine was an important metabolic marker of nonanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and 1-octen-3-ol. Exogenous supplementation experiments found that L-glutamine increased the content of D-glucosamine-6-P and induced the degradation of L-proline, L-arginine, and L-lysine to enhance the Maillard reaction and promote the formation of nonanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and 1-octen-3-ol, thus improving the aroma profile of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weifang Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
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Xiong X, Ma J, He Q, Chen X, Wang Z, Li L, Xu J, Xie J, Rao Y. Characteristics and potential biomarkers of flavor compounds in four Chinese indigenous chicken breeds. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279141. [PMID: 37899822 PMCID: PMC10600453 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese indigenous chickens have a long history of natural and artificial selection and are popular for their excellent meat quality and unique flavor. This study investigated six meat quality-related traits in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens. Two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect unique flavors in 24 breast muscle samples from the same phenotyped chickens. Overall, 685, 618, 502, and 487 volatile organic compounds were identified in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens, respectively. The flavor components were separated into eight categories, including hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Multivariate analyses of the identified flavor components revealed some outstanding features of these breeds. For example, the hydrocarbons (22.09%) and aldehydes (14.76%) were higher in Ningdu yellow chickens and the highest content of N, N-dimethyl-methylamine was in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, and Shengze 901 chickens, indicating the maximum attribution to the overall flavor (ROAV = 439.57, 289.21, and 422.80). Furthermore, we found that 27 flavor compounds differed significantly among the four Chinese breeds, including 20 (e.g., 1-octen-3-ol), two (e.g., 2-methyl-naphthalene), four (e.g., 2,6-lutidine), and one (benzophenone) flavor components were showed significant enrichment in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens, respectively. The flavor components enriched in each breed were key biomarkers distinguishing breeds and most were significantly correlated with meat quality trait phenotypes. These results provide novel insights into indigenous Chinese chicken meat flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinge Ma
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfang Xie
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yousheng Rao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Kong S, Miao J, Lai K. Selection and quantification of volatile indicators for quality deterioration of reheated pork based on simultaneously extracting volatiles and reheating precooked pork. Food Chem 2023; 419:135962. [PMID: 37004364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was to screen and quantify characteristic volatiles tied to the quality deterioration of reheated pork via simultaneously reheating (75 °C, 30 min) and collecting headspace volatiles of precooked pork (100 °C, 10 min; stored: 0 °C, 0-14 d) for GC-MS analysis. The concentrations of hexanal (6.05 ± 0.86-12.05 ± 0.44 mg/kg), (E)-2-octenal (1.54 ± 0.16-3.07 ± 0.08 mg/kg), (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal (1.52 ± 0.44-2.58 ± 0.31 mg/kg) and 8 other selected volatiles in reheated pork increased as the storage time of the precooked counterparts increased. The increase rate of hexanal was 2.9-199 times faster than that of other volatiles based on zero-order reaction fitting (R2 = 0.876-0.997). Results from clustering analysis of these volatiles were consistent with their formation pathways tied to lipid autooxidation. This simple approach, reheating and collecting volatiles of precooked meat concurrently, introduces a new possibility for standardizing volatile analysis of precooked meats required being reheated before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 960, 2nd Section, Wanjiali South Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 960, 2nd Section, Wanjiali South Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China.
| | - Shanshan Kong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junjian Miao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keqiang Lai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Effect of Hop β-Acids Extract Supplementation on the Volatile Compound Profile of Roasted Chicken Meat. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased interest in greener sources of antioxidants has spurred the research on natural alternatives to enhance poultry production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural antioxidant extracts’ (hop β-acids extract) diet supplementation at different concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg−1) on the volatile compound profile of roasted chicken meat. A method based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was optimized by response surface design to extract the volatile compounds. The optimum extraction conditions were 80 °C and 45 min. A total of 95 volatile compounds were identified in roasted chicken meat, especially aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols, esters, and pyrazines. Principal component analysis (PCA) separated the samples as a function of β-acid supplementation, indicating that increased levels of supplementation lead to distinct volatile profiles in roasted chicken meat. Aldehydes such as octanal and hexanal (8.94% and 17.63%, respectively, for 30 mg kg−1 treatment) played an important role in distinguishing the samples. Those compounds are the main oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids, which are possibly protected by the antioxidant properties of hop β-acid extracts. Some other compounds with odoriferous importance detected for this level of supplementation were: 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine (5.12%), 2-pentylfuran (2.94%), and 1-octen-3-ol (1.88%). This study significantly contributes to the elucidation of the impact of hops β-acids supplementation in the chicken meat aroma profile, opening new venues for its potential application.
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