Characterization, stability and antioxidant activity of curcumin nanocomplexes with soy protein isolate and pectin

Development of soybean protein-based bioactive substances delivery systems: A systematic overview based on recent researches

Some bioactive substances in food have problems such as poor solubility, unstable chemical properties and low bioavailability, which limit their application in functional foods. In recent years, in order to improve the above problems of bioactive substances, soybean protein-based drug delivery systems have been developed. This article reviewed the structure and properties of several major soybean protein commonly used to construct bioactive substance delivery systems. Several common carrier types based on soybean protein were then introduced. The biological functions and limitations of several common soybean protein delivery bioactive substances and the role of soybean protein-based delivery systems were discussed. At present, soybean protein is the most widely used in drug delivery systems. Soybean protein-based nano-particles are currently the most commonly used delivery carriers. Soybean protein-based hydrogels, emulsions, microcapsules and electrospinning are also widely used. Polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, functional oils and probiotics are bioactive substances that are frequently delivered. However, in order to promote the application of soybean protein-based delivery systems in food, soybean protein peptidyl delivery vectors and collaborative delivery are the future development trends. In addition, a number of challenges must be addressed, including the sensitization of soybean protein, intolerance to environmental conditions, and the limitations of processing technologies.

Characterization of active peptides derived from three leeches and comparison of their anti-thrombotic mechanisms using the tail vein thrombosis model in mice and metabonomics

Background and aims: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases has created an urgent need for safe and effective anti-thrombotic agents. Leech, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but its real material basis and mechanism of action for the treatment of diseases such as blood stasis and thrombosis have not been reported. Methods: In this study, Whitmania Pigra Whitman (WPW), Hirudo nipponica Whitman (HNW) and Whitmania acranutata Whitman (WAW) were hydrolyzed by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the active peptides of WPW (APP), the active peptides of HNW (APH) and the active peptides of WAW (APA), respectively. Then their structures were characterized by sykam amino acid analyzer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) spectrometer and LC-MS. Next, the anti-thrombotic activities of APP, APH and APA were determined by carrageenan-induced tail vein thrombosis model in mice, and the anti-thrombotic mechanisms of high-dose APP group (HAPP), high-dose APH group (HAPH) and high-dose APA group (HAPA) were explored based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that the amino acid composition of APP, APH and APA was consistent, and the proportion of each amino acid was few different. The results of FT-IR and CD showed that there were no significant differences in the proportion of secondary structures (such as β-sheet and random coil) and infrared absorption peaks between APP, APH and APA. Mass spectrometry data showed that there were 43 common peptides in APP, APH and APA, indicating that the three have common material basis. APP, APH and APA could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce black-tail length, whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and Fibrinogen (FIB), and prolong coagulation time, including activated partial thrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). In addition, 24 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers associated with thrombosis development. Among these, 19, 23, and 20 metabolites were significantly normalized after administration of HAPP, HAPH, and HAPA in the mice, respectively. Furthermore, the intervention mechanism of HAPP, HAPH and HAPA on tail vein thrombosis mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and ether lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that APP, APH and APA can exert their anti-blood stasis and anti-thrombotic activities by interfering with disordered metabolic pathways in vivo, and there is no significant difference in their efficacies.