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Pesapane F, Giambersio E, Capetti B, Monzani D, Grasso R, Nicosia L, Rotili A, Sorce A, Meneghetti L, Carriero S, Santicchia S, Carrafiello G, Pravettoni G, Cassano E. Patients' Perceptions and Attitudes to the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:454. [PMID: 38672725 PMCID: PMC11051490 DOI: 10.3390/life14040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methods. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mammography has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. However, understanding patient perspectives, particularly considering the psychological impact of breast cancer diagnoses, is crucial. This narrative review synthesizes literature from 2000 to 2023 to examine breast cancer patients' attitudes towards AI in breast imaging, focusing on trust, acceptance, and demographic influences on these views. Methodologically, we employed a systematic literature search across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Scopus, selecting studies that provided insights into patients' perceptions of AI in diagnostics. Our review included a sample of seven key studies after rigorous screening, reflecting varied patient trust and acceptance levels towards AI. Overall, we found a clear preference among patients for AI to augment rather than replace the diagnostic process, emphasizing the necessity of radiologists' expertise in conjunction with AI to enhance decision-making accuracy. This paper highlights the importance of aligning AI implementation in clinical settings with patient needs and expectations, emphasizing the need for human interaction in healthcare. Our findings advocate for a model where AI augments the diagnostic process, underlining the necessity for educational efforts to mitigate concerns and enhance patient trust in AI-enhanced diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pesapane
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.N.); (A.R.); (L.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Emilia Giambersio
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Benedetta Capetti
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Dario Monzani
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement (SPPEFF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Grasso
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Nicosia
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.N.); (A.R.); (L.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Rotili
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.N.); (A.R.); (L.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Adriana Sorce
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorenza Meneghetti
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.N.); (A.R.); (L.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Serena Carriero
- Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Santicchia
- Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (B.C.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Cassano
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (L.N.); (A.R.); (L.M.); (E.C.)
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Pesapane F, Tantrige P, Rotili A, Nicosia L, Penco S, Bozzini AC, Raimondi S, Corso G, Grasso R, Pravettoni G, Gandini S, Cassano E. Disparities in Breast Cancer Diagnostics: How Radiologists Can Level the Inequalities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:130. [PMID: 38201557 PMCID: PMC10777939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Access to medical imaging is pivotal in healthcare, playing a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases. However, disparities persist in this scenario, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals facing linguistic or cultural barriers. This paper critically assesses methods to mitigate these disparities, with a focus on breast cancer screening. We underscore scientific mobility as a vital tool for radiologists to advocate for healthcare policy changes: it not only enhances diversity and cultural competence within the radiology community but also fosters international cooperation and knowledge exchange among healthcare institutions. Efforts to ensure cultural competency among radiologists are discussed, including ongoing cultural education, sensitivity training, and workforce diversification. These initiatives are key to improving patient communication and reducing healthcare disparities. This paper also highlights the crucial role of policy changes and legislation in promoting equal access to essential screening services like mammography. We explore the challenges and potential of teleradiology in improving access to medical imaging in remote and underserved areas. In the era of artificial intelligence, this paper emphasizes the necessity of validating its models across a spectrum of populations to prevent bias and achieve equitable healthcare outcomes. Finally, the importance of international collaboration is illustrated, showcasing its role in sharing insights and strategies to overcome global access barriers in medical imaging. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges related to disparities in medical imaging access and proposes actionable strategies to address these challenges, aiming for equitable healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pesapane
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Priyan Tantrige
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Anna Rotili
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Nicosia
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Penco
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Carla Bozzini
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Corso
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- European Cancer Prevention Organization (ECP), 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Grasso
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (R.G.); (G.P.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Enrico Cassano
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (L.N.); (S.P.); (A.C.B.); (E.C.)
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Xia J, Wang J, Zhao Q, Lu B, Yao Y. Dual-Responsive Drug-Delivery System Based on PEG-Functionalized Pillararenes Containing Disulfide and Amido Bonds for Cancer Theranostics. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300513. [PMID: 37610867 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a smart drug-delivery system based on amphiphilic pillararenes with multiple responsiveness properties has become an important way to improve the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy. Here, a new PEG-functionalized pillararene (EtP5-SS-PEG) containing disulfide and amido bonds was designed and synthesized, which has been used to construct a novel supramolecular nanocarrier through a host-guest interaction with a perylene diimide derivative (PDI-2NH4 ) and their supramolecular self-assembly. This nanocarrier showed good drug loading capability, and dual stimulus responsiveness to enzyme and GSH (glutathione). After loading of doxorubicin (DOX), the prepared nanodrugs displayed efficient DOX release and outstanding cancer theranostics ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
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Quan H, Huang Y, Xia J, Yang J, Lu B, Liu P, Yao Y. Integrating Pillar[5]arene and BODIPY for a Supramolecular Nanoplatform To Achieve Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300461. [PMID: 37463099 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY photosensitizers have been integrated with a hypoxia-activated prodrug to achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy. A novel BODIPY derivative BDP-CN was designed and synthesized. It had two cyano groups to make it complex well with a water-soluble pillar[5]arene. Their association constant was calculated to be (6.8±0.9)×106 M-1 . After self-assembly in water, regular spherical nanocarriers can be formed; these were used to encapsulate the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ). BDP-CN displayed excellent photodynamic activity to complete PDT. In this process, O2 can be continuously consumed to activate TPZ to allow it to be converted to a benzotriazinyl (BTZ) radical with high cytotoxicity to complete chemotherapy. As a result, the formed nanoparticles showed excellent synergistic photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy efficacy. The synergistic therapy mechanism is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Quan
- School of Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Peisheng Liu
- School of Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
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Chowdhury MK, Saikot S, Farheen N, Ahmad N, Alam S, Connor SR. Impact of Community Palliative Care on Quality of Life among Cancer Patients in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6443. [PMID: 37568985 PMCID: PMC10418368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, a leading cause of mortality worldwide, is often diagnosed at late stages in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in preventable suffering. When added to standard oncological care, palliative care may improve the quality of life (QOL) of these patients. A longitudinal observational study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021. Thirty-nine cancer patients were enrolled in the Compassionate Narayanganj community palliative care group (NPC), where they received comprehensive palliative care in addition to oncological care. Thirty-one patients from the Dept. of Oncology (DO) at BSMMU received standard oncological care. In contrast to the DO group, the NPC group had a higher percentage of female patients, was older, and had slightly higher levels of education. At 10 to 14 weeks follow-up, a significant improvement in overall QOL was observed in the NPC group (p = 0.007), as well as in the psychological (p = 0.003), social (p = 0.002), and environmental domains (p = 0.15). Among the secondary outcomes, the palliative care group had reduced disability and neuropathic pain scores. Additionally, there were statistically significant reductions in pain, drowsiness, and shortness of breath, as well as an improvement in general wellbeing, based on the results of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-Revised. At the community level in Bangladesh, increased access to palliative care may improve cancer patient outcomes such as QOL and symptom burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (M.K.C.); (N.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Shafiquejjaman Saikot
- Compassionate Narayanganj (Community-Based Palliative Care Project), c/o Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Nadia Farheen
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (M.K.C.); (N.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Nezamuddin Ahmad
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (M.K.C.); (N.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Sarwar Alam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
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Akoto EJ, Allsop MJ. Factors Influencing the Experience of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200359. [PMID: 37141559 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The persistent high morbidity and mortality from breast and cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be influenced by global disparities in the uptake of screening services. This review sought to synthesize existing evidence to determine factors that influence the experience of women relating to breast and cervical screening in LMICs. METHODS A qualitative systematic review of the literature identified through Global Health, Embase, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE. Eligible studies included those outlining primary qualitative research or mixed-method studies with reporting of qualitative findings, detailing women's experiences of involvement with programs for breast or cervical cancer screening. Framework synthesis was used to explore and organize findings from primary qualitative studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist used for quality assessment. RESULTS Database searches yielded 7,264 studies for title and abstract screening and 90 full-text articles for screening, with qualitative data from 17 studies and a total of 722 participants included in this review. Four stages influencing experiences of women were generated across both breast and cervical cancer screening approaches, with individual (eg, knowledge of cancer), social (eg, religion, cultural beliefs), and health system (eg, accessibility) factors identified that influence women's initial and subsequent engagement. CONCLUSION This study synthesizes existing evidence of factors that influence engagement with breast and cervical cancer screening in LMICs. Evidence-informed recommendations are proposed that may improve the experience of cancer screening in LMICs, with further research necessary to explore their operationalization and impact on cancer care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem J Akoto
- Lekma Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Allsop
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Wang M, Veeraperumal S, Zhong S, Cheong KL. Fucoidan-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides: Recent Developments, Preparation, and Potential Applications. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040878. [PMID: 36832953 PMCID: PMC9956988 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides derived from natural resources are attracting increasing attention as both food and nutraceutical products because of their beneficial health effects and lack of toxicity. During the past few decades, many studies have focused on the potential health benefits of fucoidan. Recently, new interest has emerged in fucoidan, partially hydrolysed into fuco-oligosaccharides (FOSs) or low-molecular weight fucoidan, owing to their superior solubility and biological activities compared with fucoidan. There is considerable interest in their development for use in the functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, this review summarises and discusses the preparation of FOSs from fucoidan using mild acid hydrolysis, enzymatic depolymerisation, and radical degradation methods, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hydrolysis methods. Several purification steps performed to obtain FOSs (according to the latest reports) are also reviewed. Moreover, the biological activities of FOS that are beneficial to human health are summarised based on evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, and the possible mechanisms for the prevention or treatment of various diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Postgraduate College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | | | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (K.-L.C.)
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (K.-L.C.)
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Xu R, Zheng T, Ouyang C, Ding X, Ge C. Causal associations between site-specific cancer and diabetes risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110523. [PMID: 36860363 PMCID: PMC9968794 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cancer and diabetes are complex chronic diseases that have high economic costs for society. The co-occurrence of these two diseases in people is already well known. The causal effects of diabetes on the development of several malignancies have been established, but the reverse causation of these two diseases (e.g., what type of cancer can cause T2D) has been less investigated. METHODS Multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, such as the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test, were performed to evaluate the causal association of overall and eight site-specific cancers with diabetes risk using genome-wide association study summary data from different consortia, such as Finngen and UK biobank. RESULTS A suggestive level of evidence was observed for the causal association between lymphoid leukaemia and diabetes by using the IVW method in MR analyses (P = 0.033), indicating that lymphoid leukaemia increased diabetes risk with an odds ratio of 1.008 (95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.014). Sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods showed consistent direction of the association compared with the IVW method. Overall and seven other site-specific cancers under investigation (i.e., multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancer of bladder, brain, stomach, lung, and pancreas) were not causally associated with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS The causal relationship between lymphoid leukaemia and diabetes risk points to the necessity of diabetes prevention amongst leukaemia survivors as a strategy for ameliorating the associated disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xu, ; Chenjin Ge,
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Basic Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chenjin Ge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xu, ; Chenjin Ge,
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Santini G, Fordellone M, Boffo S, Signoriello S, De Vito D, Chiodini P. Modeling for the Stringency of Lock-Down Policies: Effects of Macroeconomic and Healthcare Variables in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872704. [PMID: 35692347 PMCID: PMC9174749 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of COVID-19 has been characterized by unprecedented global lock-downs. Although, the extent of containment policies cannot be explained only through epidemic data. Previous studies already focused on the relationship between the economy and healthcare, focusing on the impact of diseases in countries with a precarious economic situation. However, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 drew most countries of the world into a precarious economic situation mostly caused by the global and local lock-downs policies. Methods A discriminant analysis performed via partial least squares procedure was applied to evaluate the impact of economic and healthcare variables on the containment measures adopted by 39 countries. To collect the input variables (macroeconomic, healthcare, and medical services), we relied on official databases of international organizations, such as The World Bank and WHO. Results The stringency lock-down policies could not only be influenced by the epidemical data, but also by previous features of the selected countries, such as economic and healthcare conditions. Conclusions Indeed, economic and healthcare variables also contributed to shaping the implemented lock-down policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giunio Santini
- Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Fordellone
- Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simona Signoriello
- Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Signoriello
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,”Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
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Khan AN, Chowdhury A, Karulkar A, Jaiswal AK, Banik A, Asija S, Purwar R. Immunogenicity of CAR-T Cell Therapeutics: Evidence, Mechanism and Mitigation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886546. [PMID: 35677038 PMCID: PMC9169153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy demonstrated remarkable success in long-term remission of cancers and other autoimmune diseases. Currently, six products (Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, Breyanzi, Abecma, and Carvykti) are approved by the US-FDA for treatment of a few hematological malignancies. All the six products are autologous CAR-T cell therapies, where delivery of CAR, which comprises of scFv (single-chain variable fragment) derived from monoclonal antibodies for tumor target antigen recognition is through a lentiviral vector. Although available CAR-T therapies yielded impressive response rates in a large number of patients in comparison to conventional treatment strategies, there are potential challenges in the field which limit their efficacy. One of the major challenges is the induction of humoral and/or cellular immune response in patients elicited due to scFv domain of CAR construct, which is of non-human origin in majority of the commercially available products. Generation of anti-CAR antibodies may lead to the clearance of the therapeutic CAR-T cells, increasing the likelihood of tumor relapse and lower the CAR-T cells efficacy upon reinfusion. These immune responses influence CAR-T cell expansion and persistence, that might affect the overall clinical response. In this review, we will discuss the impact of immunogenicity of the CAR transgene on treatment outcomes. Finally, this review will highlight the mitigation strategies to limit the immunogenic potential of CARs and improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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11
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Ray T, Ryusaki T, Ray PS. Therapeutically Targeting Cancers That Overexpress FOXC1: A Transcriptional Driver of Cell Plasticity, Partial EMT, and Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721959. [PMID: 34540690 PMCID: PMC8446626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for more than 90% of cancer related mortality, thus the most pressing need in the field of oncology today is the ability to accurately predict future onset of metastatic disease, ideally at the time of initial diagnosis. As opposed to current practice, what would be desirable is that prognostic, biomarker-based detection of metastatic propensity and heightened risk of cancer recurrence be performed long before overt metastasis has set in. Without such timely information it will be impossible to formulate a rational therapeutic treatment plan to favorably alter the trajectory of disease progression. In order to help inform rational selection of targeted therapeutics, any recurrence/metastasis risk prediction strategy must occur with the paired identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and their underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms that help drive cancer recurrence/metastasis (i.e. recurrence biomarkers). Traditional clinical factors alone (such as TNM staging criteria) are no longer adequately prognostic for this purpose in the current molecular era. FOXC1 is a pivotal transcription factor that has been functionally implicated to drive cancer metastasis and has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of heightened metastatic risk, at the time of initial diagnosis. In this review, we present our viewpoints on the master regulatory role that FOXC1 plays in mediating cancer stem cell traits that include cellular plasticity, partial EMT, treatment resistance, cancer invasion and cancer migration during cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target cancers that are, or have evolved to become, “transcriptionally addicted” to FOXC1. The potential role of FOXC1 expression status in predicting the efficacy of these identified therapeutic approaches merits evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ray
- R&D Division, Onconostic Technologies (OT), Inc., Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Partha S Ray
- R&D Division, Onconostic Technologies (OT), Inc., Champaign, IL, United States
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12
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Production of a broad palette of positron emitting radioisotopes using a low-energy cyclotron: Towards a new success story in cancer imaging? Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109860. [PMID: 34284216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, positron emission tomography (PET) has matured as an indispensable component of cancer diagnostics. Owing to the large variability observed among the cancer patients and the need to personalize individual patient's diagnosis and treatment, the need for new positron emitting radioisotopes has continued to grow. This mini review opens with a brief introduction to the criteria for radioisotope selection for PET imaging. Subsequently, positron emitting radioisotopes are categorized as: established, emerging and futuristic, based on the stages of their advancement. The production methodologies and the radiochemical separation procedures for obtaining the important radioisotopes in a form suitable for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging are briefly discussed.
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Graphene-based nanomaterial system: a boon in the era of smart nanocarriers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Lin Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Zhao J, Li Q. The mutual impact and moderating factors of quality of life between advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:5251-5262. [PMID: 32103359 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer and its treatment can affect quality of life (QOL) in cancer patient and family caregiver dyads. However, the factors influencing dyad QOL remain inconclusive. Our study was designed to (i) assess dyads' QOL, and examine the relationship between the QOL of cancer patients and that of their family caregivers, and (ii) investigate factors that may modify this relationship. METHODS Participants comprised 641 cancer patient-family caregiver dyads. Four types of variables were collected as potential influencing factors, including cancer patient-related variables, family caregiver-related variables, family-related variables, and symptom distress-related variables. RESULTS Generally, family caregivers reported better QOL than cancer patients did. The effect sizes of the correlation (r) between cancer patients' QOL and those of their family caregivers ranged from 0.08 to 0.27. Various variables influencing the QOL correlations between cancer patients and family caregivers were identified, including cancer patient-related variables (e.g., age, gender, marital status, understanding of the disease, cancer type and treatment); family caregiver-related variables (e.g., being the spouse or offspring of a patient, duration in their role as a family caregiver, understanding of the disease, and amount of time spent on caregiving each day); family-related variables (e.g., cancer patient enjoyed a good relationship with family pre-cancer diagnosis, family was experiencing serious or mild financial burden due to cancer treatment); and symptom stress-related variables (anxiety and depression). CONCLUSIONS Study findings draw attention to QOL and its related factors in cancer patient-family caregiver dyads. This will benefit the development of interventions to improve dyad QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caiping Hu
- Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiuping Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Gayatri D, Efremov L, Kantelhardt EJ, Mikolajczyk R. Quality of life of cancer patients at palliative care units in developing countries: systematic review of the published literature. Qual Life Res 2020; 30:315-343. [PMID: 32948975 PMCID: PMC7886760 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review aims to summarize factors that influence the quality of life (QOL) of advanced cancer patients in palliative care (PC) in developing countries. Understanding this context in developing countries milieu is necessary; however, this outcome is rarely reported. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched using the search terms: QOL, cancer, PC, and names of all developing countries. Studies with less than ten subjects, qualitative or pilot studies, reviews, conference abstracts, and that reported validation of QOL questionnaires were excluded. Results Fifty-five studies from 15 developing countries in the African (n = 5), Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 10), and Asian (n = 40) region were included in the narrative synthesis. 65.4% were cross-sectional, 27.3% were cohort studies, 7.3% were RCTs or quasi-experimental studies. Around 30 QOL factors were studied with 20 different types of QOL instruments. Advanced cancer patients who were older, married/ever married, participated in additional care within PC, used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and practiced spirituality/religiosity showed higher QOL score. Low educational level and high depression were associated with a lower QOL. Conclusion Various factors affect QOL among cancer patients in PC. Patients valued the use of CAMs; however, the quality and safety aspects should be properly addressed. Important factors that influenced the QOL score were social and spiritual support. While there is a general need to develop PC strategies further, recognizing patients’ needs should be prioritized in national cancer programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-020-02633-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Gayatri
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ljupcho Efremov
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Department of Gynecology, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Preliminary Assays towards Melanoma Cells Using Phototherapy with Gold-Based Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081536. [PMID: 32764377 PMCID: PMC7466595 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer like melanoma is a complex disease, for which standard therapies have significant adverse side effects that in most cases are ineffective and highly unspecific. Thus, a new paradigm has come with the need of achieving alternative (less invasive) and effective therapies. In this work, biocompatible gold nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with hyaluronic acid and oleic acid were prepared and characterized in terms of size, morphology and cytotoxicity in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two cell lines, the keratinocytes (healthy skin cells, HaCat) and the melanoma cells (B16F10). Results showed that these GNPs absorb within the near-infrared region (750–1400 nm), in the optical therapeutic window (from 650 to 1300 nm), in contrast to other commercial gold nanoparticles, which enables light to penetrate into deep skin layers. A laser emitting in this region was applied and its effect also analyzed. The coated GNPs showed a spherical morphology with a mean size of 297 nm without cytotoxic effects towards yeast and tested cell lines. Nevertheless, after laser irradiation, a reduction of 20% in B16F10 cell line viability was observed. In summary, this work appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of non-metastatic melanoma or other superficial tumors.
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17
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Gan QX, Wang J, Hu J, Lou GH, Xiong HJ, Peng CY, Huang QW. Modulation of Apoptosis by Plant Polysaccharides for Exerting Anti-Cancer Effects: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:792. [PMID: 32536869 PMCID: PMC7267062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a significant public health problem with high disease burden and mortality. At present, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main means of treating cancer, but they have shown serious safety problems. The severity of this problem has caused further attention and research on effective and safe cancer treatment methods. Polysaccharides are natural products with anti-cancer activity that are widely present in a lot of plants, and many studies have found that inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is one of their important mechanisms. Therefore, this article reviews the various ways in which plant polysaccharides promote apoptosis of cancer cells. The major apoptotic pathways involved include the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, and their upstream signal transduction such as MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the absorption and toxicity of plant polysaccharides with reference to extant literature, making the research more scientific and comprehensive. It is hoped that this review could provide some directions for the future development of plant polysaccharides as anticancer drugs in pharmacological experiments and clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Li Q, Xu Y, Lin Y, Li J, Huang W, Chen Y. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the cancer survivors' unmet needs measure. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 46:101772. [PMID: 32512527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recognition has been growing that when developing effective and affordable survivorship care programmes, it is crucial to assess cancer survivors' unmet needs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, including construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity, of the Chinese version of the Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs measure (C-CaSUN) using a sample of Chinese adult cancer survivors. METHOD A test battery, consisting of a self-developed information sheet and four Chinese version measurement scales [CaSUN, the Benefit Finding Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form (SF-12)], was applied to collect data from Chinese adult cancer survivors. Statistics methods used included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's coefficient α, Pearson's correlation, and Kappa coefficient. RESULTS There were 610 cancer survivors. Factor analysis confirmed the five-factor model of C-CaSUN, including information and medical care, life perspective, relationship, comprehensive support, and quality of life. Cronbach's α for all of the C-CaSUN scales was greater than 0.845. The test-retest correlations at the scale level, including the total and the five factors between the two time points, ranged from good to excellent (r = 0.713-0.833). The average Kappa coefficient at the item level was 44%. Evidence of significant negative correlations with SF-12 MCS, and positive correlations with anxiety and depression, established the concurrent validity of the C-CaSUN. CONCLUSIONS Evidence indicates that the C-CaSUN is a reliable and valid measure of unmet needs in Chinese cancer survivors. Findings support the five-factor construct of C-CaSUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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19
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Jose PA, Sankarganesh M, Raja JD, Senthilkumar G. Synthesis of methoxy substituted pyrimidine derivative imine stabilized copper nanoparticles in organic phase and its biological evaluation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Geng S, Pan T, Zhou W, Cui H, Wu L, Li Z, Chu PK, Yu XF. Bioactive phospho-therapy with black phosphorus for in vivo tumor suppression. Theranostics 2020; 10:4720-4736. [PMID: 32308745 PMCID: PMC7163432 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Although inorganic nanomaterials have been widely used in multimodal cancer therapies, the intrinsic contributions of the materials are not well understood and sometimes underestimated. In this work, bioactive phospho-therapy with black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) for in vivo tumor suppression is studied. Methods: Orthotopic liver tumor and acute myeloid leukemia are chosen as the models for the solid tumor and hematological tumor, respectively. BPs are injected into mice through the tail vein and tumor growth is monitored by IVIS bioluminescence imaging. Tumor tissues and serum samples are collected to determine the suppression effect and biosafety of BPs after treatment. Results: The in vitro studies show that BPs with high intracellular uptake produce apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated programmed cell death of human liver carcinoma cells but do not affect normal cells. BPs passively accumulate in the tumor site at a high concentration and inhibit tumor growth. The tumor weight is much less than that observed from the doxorubicin (DOX)-treated group. The average survival time is extended by at least two months and the survival rate is 100% after 120 days. Western bolt analysis confirms that BPs suppress carcinoma growth via the apoptosis and autophagy pathways. In addition, administration of BPs into mice suffering from leukemia results in tumor suppression and long survival. Conclusions: This study reveals that BPs constitute a type of bioactive anti-cancer agents and provides insights into the application of inorganic nanomaterials to cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Female
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Nanostructures/administration & dosage
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- Phosphorus/administration & dosage
- Phosphorus/pharmacokinetics
- Tissue Distribution
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Geng
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lie Wu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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21
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Abdel-Ghany S, Mahfouz M, Ashraf N, Sabit H, Cevik E, El-Zawahri M. Gold nanoparticles induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and enhance the expression of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1728553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah Mahfouz
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Ashraf
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mokhtar El-Zawahri
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Research and Development, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Zhang D, Li D, Shen L, Hu D, Tang B, Guo W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wei G, He D. Exosomes derived from Piwil2‑induced cancer stem cells transform fibroblasts into cancer‑associated fibroblasts. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1125-1132. [PMID: 32323829 PMCID: PMC7057936 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have demonstrated that cancer cell‑derived exosomes can facilitate tumor development and metastasis formation. However, the detailed function of exosomes released by cancer stem cells (CSCs) requires further investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CSC‑derived exosomes in tumor development. For this purpose, Piwil2‑induced cancer stem cells (Piwil2‑iCSCs) were used as exosome‑generating cells, while fibroblasts (FBs) served as recipient cells. Exosomes were isolated by the ultracentrifugation of Piwil2‑iCSC‑conditioned medium and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis. To evaluate the effects of the exosomes on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, cell counting assay (CCK‑8), a wound healing assay and a Transwell assay were performed. Protein expression [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) and vimentin and fibroblast‑activating protein (FAP)] was examined in FBs by western blot analysis. It was found that the Piwil2‑iCSC‑derived exosomes (Piwil2‑iCSC‑Exo) were oval or spherical, membrane‑coated vesicles with a uniform size (30‑100 nm in diameter). They are characterized by the surface expression of CD9, CD63, Hsp70 and Piwil2 proteins. Additional results from functional analyses revealed that Piwil2‑iCSC‑Exo enhanced the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of FBs, accompanied by the upregulated expression of MMP2 and MMP9. In addition, the increased expression of α‑SMA (P<0.05), vimentin (P<0.01 vs. control group, P<0.05 vs. PBS group) and FAP (P<0.001 vs. control group, P<0.01 vs. PBS group) following exposure to Piwil2‑iCSC‑Exo suggested that the exosomes induced FB transformation into cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs). On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that Piwil2‑iCSC‑Exo induce the cancer‑associated phenotype in fibroblasts in vitro, suggesting that CSCs can promote tumor development through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Dian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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da Fonseca TG, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of mixtures of anticancer drugs in the benthic polychaete Nereis diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1180-1192. [PMID: 31252116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of anticancer drugs through single and/or combinatory chemotherapy worldwide raised concern regarding their toxicity burden in coastal zones. The toxicity of a mixture of three compounds involving the drugs cisplatin (CisPt), cyclophosphamide (CP) and tamoxifen (TAM) was determined on the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor exposed to an increasing range of their concentrations, respectively: Mix A: 0.1 + 10 + 0.1 ng L-1; Mix B: 10 + 100 + 10 ng L-1; Mix C: 100 + 500 + 25 ng L-1; Mix D: 100 + 1000 + 100 ng L-1. Different endpoints were assessed, including disturbance in the burrowing behaviour, neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase - Se-GPx and total glutathione peroxidases T-GPx activities), biotransformation metabolism (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage). Biological effects of the mixtures of anticancer compounds on N. diversicolor were compared with previous studies about effects on the same biological model under single-drug exposure conducted with the same molecules. Regarding SOD activity, TAM showed an antagonist effect over CisPt and CP in mixtures C and D. In Mix D, there was a synergistic effect of TAM and CisPt that inhibited CAT activity and an additive interaction of CisPt and CP on the Phase II biotransformation enzyme. Drugs in Mix A also suppressed polychaetes' GST activity, although different from the respective single-drug responses, besides able to induce T-GPx activity, that was not sufficient to avoid oxidative damage and mid-grade DNA damage. Due to the absence of burrowing impairment in Mix A, mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity were other than the one driven by AChE alterations. At the intermediary concentrations (Mix B and C), only LPO occurred. Data from drugs individually may not predict the risks provided by mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Garcia da Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
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Feng Z, Yu X, Jiang M, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Yang W, Xi W, Li G, Qian J. Excretable IR-820 for in vivo NIR-II fluorescence cerebrovascular imaging and photothermal therapy of subcutaneous tumor. Theranostics 2019; 9:5706-5719. [PMID: 31534513 PMCID: PMC6735390 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cerebrovascular diseases, together with malignancies, still pose a huge threat to human health nowadays. With the advantages of its high spatial resolution and large penetration depth, fluorescence bioimaging in the second near-infrared spectral region (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) and its related imaging-guided therapy based on biocompatible fluorescence dyes have become a promising theranostics method. Methods: The biocompatibility of IR-820 we used in NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging was verified by long-term observation. The model of the mouse with a cranial window, the mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of bladder tumor were established. NIR-II fluorescence cerebrovascular functional imaging was carried out by IR-820 assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopy. Bladder tumor was treated by NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Results: We have found that IR-820 has considerable NIR-II fluorescence intensity, and shows increased brightness in serum than in water. Herein, we achieved real time and in vivo cerebrovascular functional imaging of mice with high spatial resolution and large penetration depth, based on IR-820 assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopy. In addition, IR-820 was successfully employed for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor in vivo, and the subcutaneous tumors were inhibited obviously or eradicated completely. Conclusion: Due to the considerable fluorescence intensity in NIR-II spectral region and the good photothermal effect, biocompatible and excretable IR-820 holds great potentials for functional angiography and cancer theranostics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research; JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Minxiao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research; JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Potential anti-herpes and cytotoxic action of novel semisynthetic digitoxigenin-derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:546-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Limeres MJ, Moretton MA, Bernabeu E, Chiappetta DA, Cuestas ML. Thinking small, doing big: Current success and future trends in drug delivery systems for improving cancer therapy with special focus on liver cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Li Q, Lin Y, Xu Y, Zhou H. The impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life in Chinese cancer patient-family caregiver dyads, a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:230. [PMID: 30545383 PMCID: PMC6293618 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-1051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer and its treatment can result in psychological distress in both adults with cancer and in their family caregivers. This psychological distress acts as a significant adverse factor in patient-caregiver dyads. The study purposes included: (i) to assess anxiety and depression in adults with cancer and their family caregivers, and examine the dyadic relationship of anxiety and depression in patient-caregiver dyads; (ii) to investigate factors that may modify these relationships; and (iii) to explore the impact of anxiety and depression on patient-caregiver dyad quality of life (QOL). Methods This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. Participants consisted of 641 patient-caregiver dyads. Participants completed a survey assessing adults with cancer-related, family caregiver-related, and family-related variables using a demographic/clinical information sheet. In addition, anxiety/depression and QOL were assessed by using the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-12 respectively. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, subgroup analysis, and the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Results Nearly one-third of participants had experienced anxiety and depression. Adults with cancer and family caregivers experienced a similar degree of anxiety and depression. Correlations (r) of anxiety and depression between patient-caregiver dyads ranged from 0.25 to 0.32. Various factors influencing the anxiety and depression relationship between patient-caregiver dyads were identified, including adults with cancer-related (e.g., age, gender, marital status, level of being informed about the disease, different types of cancer and treatment), family caregiver-related (e.g., being the spouse of a patient, duration in their role as a family caregiver, and amount of time spent on caregiving each day), and family-related (family relationship pre- and post-cancer, financial burden on the family due to cancer treatment) variables. To some extent, both actor and partner effects were identified for anxiety and depression on the QOL of patient-caregiver dyads. Conclusions Study findings call attention to anxiety and depression, as well as related factors, in patient-caregiver dyads. The underlined essential components and focus of intervention, which will be developed to decrease psychological distress and improve QOL in patient-caregiver dyads, included individual characteristics of patient-caregiver dyads, family relationship, and anxiety and depression in their counterparts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-018-1051-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiya Zhou
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Alifu N, Zebibula A, Qi J, Zhang H, Sun C, Yu X, Xue D, Lam JWY, Li G, Qian J, Tang BZ. Single-Molecular Near-Infrared-II Theranostic Systems: Ultrastable Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Long-Term Tracing and Efficient Photothermal Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11282-11293. [PMID: 30345739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence bioimaging has attracted tremendous scientific interest and already been used in many biomedical studies. However, reports on organic NIR-II fluorescent probes for in vivo photoinduced imaging and simultaneous therapy, as well as the long-term tracing of specific biological objects, are still very rare. Herein we designed a single-molecular and NIR-II-emissive theranostic system by encapsulating a kind of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen, named BPN-BBTD) with amphiphilic polymer. The ultra-stable BPN-BBTD nanoparticles were employed for the NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of bladder tumors in vivo. The 785 nm excitation triggered photothermal therapy could completely eradicate the subcutaneous tumor and inhibit the growth of orthotopic tumors. Furthermore, BPN-BBTD nanoparticles were capable of monitoring subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors for a long time (32 days). Single-molecular and NIR-II-emitted aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles hold potential for the diagnosis, precise treatment, and metastasis monitoring of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuernisha Alifu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Abudureheman Zebibula
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Ji Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Chaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
- NSFC Centre for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Miraghajani M, Rafie N, Hajianfar H, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. Aged Garlic and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:84. [PMID: 30487964 PMCID: PMC6212616 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_437_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which increases health-care costs. It has been reported that some dietary components such as aged garlic, one of the garlic preparations with no strong odor and harsh irritating taste, exhibits anticancer effects. This review summarizes the potential beneficial effects of aged garlic on cancer incidences as well as prevention and improvement of factors related to malignancy. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched. All study designs which were focused on cancer incidence, or indices related to malignancy as outcomes in human, animal, and human cells studies, and aged garlic and its ingredients as exposures were reviewed in accordance to the items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 304 articles were identified. Then, 25 articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on the evaluation, overall quality score of human studies was well. Although there were inconsistent evidence from human studies, results of the animal and laboratory results were mostly consistent. The overall findings may suggest that intakes of aged garlic are inversely associated with cancer. In this regard, the studies have shortcomings. Therefore, more precise investigations will be necessary to decide whether aged garlic consumption is recommendable as a part of cancer prevention or control programs. However, due to anticancer properties of aged garlic, its consumption along with healthy diet may have beneficial effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hajianfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao Q, Chen T, Wu Y, Wu W, Xu Y, Gong Z, Chen S. MicroRNA‑675‑3p promotes esophageal squamous cell cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3631-3640. [PMID: 30106155 PMCID: PMC6131498 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks fourth in cancer-associated mortality in China and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has risen dramatically over the past two decades. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) serves a pivotal role in human cancer cell growth, invasion and migration. MiR-675-3p is highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues, and may have an influence on ESCC cell migration and invasion. ESCC tumor tissue samples from 35 patients were profiled. MiR-675-3p expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Manipulation of miR-675-3p via knockdown was carried out with subsequent evaluation of effects on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and use of western blotting and ELISA assays. MiR-675-3p was overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues, and had higher expression levels in ESCC cells compared with the healthy esophageal epithelial cell line. The results revealed a predominant upregulation of cell migration and invasion ability. MiR-675-3p inhibitor inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. It was also demonstrated that downregulation of miR-675-3p decreased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 and increased the level of E-cadherin. In addition, the effects of miR-675-3p inhibitor on ESCC cell lines were eliminated by con-transfection with miR-675-3p inhibitor and miR-675-3p mimic. In conclusion, the results indicated that miR-675-3p may be involved in the progression of ESCC through regulating ESCC cell migration and invasion capacity via modulating epithelial mesenchymal transition markers (MMP2, MMP 9 and E-cadherin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Wu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Yandi Xu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Zhunan Gong
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Oyarte M, Delgado I, Pedrero V, Agar L, Cabieses B. Hospitalizations for cancer in international migrants versus local population in Chile. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:36. [PMID: 29641660 PMCID: PMC5893269 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cancer hospital morbidity among the local population and the immigrant population in Chile. METHODS This is a prevalence study based on the analysis of hospital discharges of all the health centers of Chile. Cancer hospital discharges were characterized in 2012 according to the migratory status. The crude and specific rates of hospital morbidity for this cause were estimated for the analysis of their association with migratory status using zero-inflated negative binomial regression, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The neoplasms were the third cause of hospital discharges for immigrants and the seventh one for Chileans. The adjusted rate of cancer hospital discharges was higher for Chileans than immigrants, and the latter had fewer days of hospitalization and greater proportion of surgical interventions. In the group of immigrants, cancer hospital discharges mainly corresponded to patients belonging to the private system (46%), and in the group of Chileans they mainly corresponded to patients in the public system (71.1%). We observed a large difference in the proportion of cancer hospital discharges for patients with no health insurance between the two populations (22.6%: immigrants, 1.0%: Chileans). In both populations, the three most frequent types of cancer were: (i) lymphoid tissue, hematopoietic organs, and related tissues, (ii) digestive organs, and (iii) breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Models of differentiated care should be considered for immigrants, with the creation of specific programs of information, coverage, and protection against cancer. More information on this problem must be generated at the local and international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Oyarte
- Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana. Santiago, Chile
| | - Iris Delgado
- Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana. Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Pedrero
- Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana. Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorenzo Agar
- Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Santiago, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana. Santiago, Chile
- University of York. Department of Health Sciences. York, England
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High-resolution microendoscopy: a point-of-care diagnostic for cervical dysplasia in low-resource settings. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 26:63-70. [PMID: 26637074 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among women in low-to-middle income countries. Pap testing and pathological services are difficult to implement under these settings. Alternative techniques for the diagnosis of cervical precancer in these settings are needed to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a low-cost, high-resolution microendoscope imaging system in identifying precancerous lesions of the cervix in vivo. A retrospective study of 59 patients undergoing colposcopy for an abnormal Pap test was performed at Hospital de Câncer de Barretos in Brazil. All patients underwent colposcopy as per standard of care, and acetowhite lesions were recorded. High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) images were obtained from one colposcopically normal region and from all lesions observed on colposcopy. Biopsies of abnormal areas were obtained and reviewed by three independent, blinded pathologists and compared with HRME findings. The mean nuclear area and the median nuclear eccentricity were calculated from HRME images acquired from each site. A diagnostic algorithm to distinguish histopathologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of grade 2 or more severe lesions (high grade) from less severe lesions (low grade) was developed using these parameters. A test of trend was used to analyze the relationship between HRME positivity and severity of histopathogical diagnosis. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze differences in HRME positivity between high-grade and low-grade lesions. Evaluable images were obtained from 108 of 143 discrete sites. Of these, 71 sites were colposcopically normal or low grade according to histopathology and 37 were diagnosed as high grade on the basis of histopathology. Using the mean nuclear area and the median nuclear eccentricity, HRME images from 59 colposcopically abnormal sites were classified as high grade or low grade with 92% sensitivity and 77% specificity compared with histopathological findings. Increasing HRME positivity showed a significant trend with increasing severity of diagnosis (Ptrend<0.001). We found a strong association (P<0.001) between HRME positivity and a histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher. HRME demonstrated an accurate in-situ diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia. In low-resource settings in which colposcopy and histopathology services are severely limited or unavailable, HRME may provide a low-cost, accurate method for diagnosis of cervical precancer without the need for biopsy, allowing for a single 'screen-and-treat' approach.
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Majidi A, Majidi S, Salimzadeh S, Khazaee- Pool M, Sadjadi A, Salimzadeh H, Delavari A. Cancer Screening Awareness and Practice in a Middle Income Country; A Systematic Review from Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3187-3194. [PMID: 29281865 PMCID: PMC5980869 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.12.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ageing population and noticeable changes in lifestyle in developing countries like Iran caused an
increase in cancer incidence. This requires organized cancer prevention and screening programs in population level,
but most importantly community should be aware of these programs and willing to use them. This study explored
existing evidence on public awareness and practice, as well as, adherence to cancer screening in Iranian population.
Methods: Major English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and domestic Persian databases i.e.,
SID, Magiran, and Barakat search engines were searched. All publications with focus on Iranian public awareness
about cancer prevention, screening, and early detection programs which were published until August 2015, were
explored in this systematic review. For this purpose, we used sensitive Persian phrases/key terms and English keywords
which were extracted from medical subject headings (MeSH). Taking PRISMA guidelines into considerations eligible
documents, were evaluated and abstracted by two separate reviewers. Results: We found 72 articles relevant to this
topic. Screening tests were known to, or being utilized by only a limited number of Iranians. Most Iranian women relied
on physical examination particularly self-examination, instead of taking mammogram, as the most standard test to find
breast tumors. Less than half of the average-risk adult populations were familiar with colorectal cancer risk factors and
its screening tests, and only very limited number of studies reported taking at least one time colonoscopy or FOBT,
at most 5.0% and 15.0%, respectively. Around half of women were familiar with cervical cancer and Pap-smear test
with less than 45% having completed at least one lifetime test. The lack of health insurance coverage was a barrier to
participate in screening tests. Furthermore some people would not select to be screened only because they do not know
how or where they can receive these services. Conclusion: Low awareness and suboptimal use of screening tests in
Iran calls for effective programs to enhance intention and compliance to screening, improving the patient-physician
communication, identifying barriers for screening and providing tailored public awareness and screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Majidi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cuomo RE, Seidman RL, Mackey TK. Country and regional variations in purchase prices for essential cancer medications. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:566. [PMID: 28836947 PMCID: PMC5571501 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accessibility to essential cancer medications in low- and middle-income countries is threatened by insufficient availability and affordability. The objective of this study is to characterize variation in transactional prices for essential cancer medications across geographies, medication type, and time. Methods Drug purchase prices for 19 national and international buyers (representing 29 total countries) between 2010 and 2014 were obtained from Management Sciences for Health. Median values for drug pricing were computed, to address outliers in the data. For comparing purchase prices across geographic units, medications, and over time; Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare two groups, Kruskal Wallis H tests were used to compare more than two groups, and linear regression was used to compare across continuous independent variables. Results During the five-year data period examined, the median price paid for a package of essential cancer medication was $12.63. No significant differences in prices were found based on country-level wealth, country-level disease burden, drug formulation, or year when medication was purchased. Statistical tests found significant differences in prices paid across countries, regions, individual medications, and medication categories. Specifically, countries in the Africa region appeared to pay more for a package of essential cancer medication than countries in the Latin America region, and cancer medications tended to be more expensive than anti-infective medications and cardiovascular medications. Conclusions Though preliminary, our study found evidence of variation in prices paid by health systems to acquire essential cancer medications. Primarily, variations in pricing based on geographic location and cancer medication type (including when comparing to essential medicines that treat cardiovascular and infectious diseases) indicate that these factors may impact availability, affordability and access to essential cancer drugs. These factors should be taken into consideration when countries assess formulary decisions, negotiate drug procurement terms, and when formulating health and cancer policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E Cuomo
- Joint Doctoral Program in Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego - San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Global Health Policy Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego - School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Seidman
- Division of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tim K Mackey
- Global Health Policy Institute, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego - School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego - School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Li C, Gao S, Li X, Li C, Ma L. Procaine Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Colon Cancer Cells Through Inactivation of the ERK/MAPK/FAK Pathways by Regulation of RhoA. Oncol Res 2017; 26:209-217. [PMID: 28492141 PMCID: PMC7844744 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14944585873622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most lethal varieties of cancer. Chemotherapy remains as one of the principal treatment approaches for colon cancer. The anticancer activity of procaine (PCA), which is a local anesthetic drug, has been explored in different studies. In our study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effect of PCA on colon cancer and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that PCA significantly inhibited cell viability, increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and decreased the expression level of RhoA in HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, PCA increased the proportion of HCT116 cells in the G1 phase as well as downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E expressions (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that PCA remarkably inhibited cell migration in HCT116 cells (p < 0.01). However, all these effects of PCA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were significantly reversed by PCA + pc-RhoA (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). PCA also significantly decreased the levels of p-ERK, p-p38MAPK, and p-FAK, but PCA + pc-RhoA rescued these effects. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor (PD098059), p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), and FAK inhibitor (Y15) reversed these results. These data indicate that PCA inhibited cell proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis as well as inactivated the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways by regulation of RhoA in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cadre's Ward, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lianjun Ma
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Ginossar T, Shah SFA, West AJ, Bentley JM, Caburnay CA, Kreuter MW, Kinney AY. Content, Usability, and Utilization of Plain Language in Breast Cancer Mobile Phone Apps: A Systematic Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e20. [PMID: 28288954 PMCID: PMC5368351 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the leading contributors to preventable illness and death among women. Although mobile phone apps provide unprecedented opportunity to engage women along the cancer continuum, little is known about the availability, content, and usability of breast cancer mobile phone apps. Objective This study analyzed the content and adherence to literate design standards of all breast cancer-related apps available on the App Store and Google Play, as well as the relationship between their content, user ratings, and price. Methods Following identification and downloading of all available breast cancer mobile phone apps in October 2015, 101 apps were confirmed as focusing on breast cancer. Based on prior research, we adapted and applied a content analysis scheme that was specific to breast cancer apps, including their main purpose, relevance to the cancer care continuum, and adherence to usability standards outlined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Results The most common aim of apps was educational (73/101, 72.3%), followed by behavior change (24/101, 23.9%), fundraising (20/101, 19.8%), and advocacy (14/101, 13.9%). On the cancer continuum, primary prevention (strategies to prevent cancer cells from occurring) was mentioned in almost one-third of the apps (30/101, 29.7%). Less than half of the apps (46/101, 45.5%) presented information about mammography and/or breast clinical exam, and 53 apps (52.5%) discussed breast self-exam (which is no longer recommended). Symptoms of cancer prediagnosis, such as a lump, were discussed in almost half of the apps (48/101, 47.5%) and a similar number of apps included information about genetic risk for breast cancer (47/101, 46.5%). Information about breast cancer diagnosis was included in 42 apps (41.58%) and 43 (42.6%) apps discussed treatment options. Survivorship issues were addressed in 17 (16.8%) apps. Only one (1.0%) app discussed hospice. Adherence to usability recommendations was low. The median composite score was 3 (mean 2.60, SD 1.20) of the six recommended usability items. With eight plain language items, the median of the composite health literacy score was 5 (mean 5.06, SD 2.00). Most apps did not use easy-to-understand words (44/101, 43.6%) and few (24/101, 23.8%) defined key terms. Conclusions Current breast cancer apps provide important information about breast cancer, but the most common topic covered is breast self-examination, a non-evidence-based screening strategy. Apps that focus on evidence-based strategies on the cancer continuum are needed, with a notable pressing need for apps that would address survivorship and end of life. Finally, developers of breast cancer apps should adhere to IOM standards to meet the needs of diverse populations and reduce current disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ginossar
- Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrew J West
- Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joshua M Bentley
- Department of Strategic Communication, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Charlene A Caburnay
- Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew W Kreuter
- Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Russier J, León V, Orecchioni M, Hirata E, Virdis P, Fozza C, Sgarrella F, Cuniberti G, Prato M, Vázquez E, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Few-Layer Graphene Kills Selectively Tumor Cells from Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Russier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Verónica León
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Eri Hirata
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
- Department of Oral Functional Science; Graduate School of Dental Medicine; Hokkaido University; 060-8586 Sapporo Japan
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Francesco Sgarrella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science; Dresden University of Technology; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián; Paseo Miramón, 182 20009 San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa) Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque; 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lucia G. Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science; Dresden University of Technology; 01069 Dresden Germany
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Russier J, León V, Orecchioni M, Hirata E, Virdis P, Fozza C, Sgarrella F, Cuniberti G, Prato M, Vázquez E, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Few-Layer Graphene Kills Selectively Tumor Cells from Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3014-3019. [PMID: 28156035 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the cure of cancer, a major cause of today's mortality, chemotherapy is the most common treatment, though serious frequent challenges are encountered by current anticancer drugs. We discovered that few-layer graphene (FLG) dispersions have a specific killer action on monocytes, showing neither toxic nor activation effects on other immune cells. We confirmed the therapeutic application of graphene on an aggressive type of cancer that is myelomonocytic leukemia, where the monocytes are in their malignant form. We demonstrated that graphene has the unique ability to target and boost specifically the necrosis of monocytic cancer cells. Moreover, the comparison between FLG and a common chemotherapeutic drug, etoposide, confirmed the higher specificity and toxicity of FLG. Since current chemotherapy treatments of leukemia still cause serious problems, these findings open the way to new and safer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Russier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Verónica León
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasyTecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eri Hirata
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8586, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sgarrella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 182, 20009, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasyTecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia G Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Weller D, Mackenzie J, Knott V. Tackling the global burden of cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28111854 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Weller
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Mackenzie
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Knott
- Epidemiology & Health Systems Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Procaine Induces Epigenetic Changes in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8348450. [PMID: 27843649 PMCID: PMC5098101 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8348450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and it is the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The present study aimed at treating colon cancer cell line (HCT116) with different chemotherapeutic drug/drug combinations (procaine, vorinostat “SAHA,” sodium phenylbutyrate, erlotinib, and carboplatin). Two different final concentrations were applied: 3 μM and 5 μM. Trypan blue test was performed to assess the viability of the cell before and after being treated with the drugs. The data obtained showed that there was a significant decrease in the viability of cells after applying the chemotherapeutic drugs/drug combinations. Also, DNA fragmentation assay was carried out to study the effect of these drugs on the activation of apoptosis-mediated DNA degradation process. The results indicated that all the drugs/drug combinations had a severe effect on inducing DNA fragmentation. Global DNA methylation quantification was performed to identify the role of these drugs individually or in combination in hypo- or hypermethylating the CpG dinucleotide all over the genome of the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Data obtained indicated that different combinations had different effects in reducing or increasing the level of methylation, which might indicate the effectiveness of combining drugs in treating colon cancer cells.
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Li Q, Lin Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Zhou H, Yang L, Xu Y. The Chinese version of hospital anxiety and depression scale: Psychometric properties in Chinese cancer patients and their family caregivers. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2016; 25:16-23. [PMID: 27865248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) acts as one of the most frequently used self-reported measures in cancer practice. The evidence for construct validity of HADS, however, remains inconclusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version HADS (C-HADS) in terms of construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity in dyads of Chinese cancer patients and their family caregivers. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in multiple centers: one hospital in each of the seven different administrative regions in China from October 2014 to May 2015. A total of 641 dyads, consisting of cancer patients and family caregivers, completed a survey assessing their demographic and background information, anxiety and depression using C-HADS, and quality of life (QOL) using Chinese version SF-12. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Both the two-factor and one-factor models offered the best and adequate fit to the data in cancer patients and family caregivers respectively. The comparison of the two-factor and single-factor models supports the basic assumption of two-factor construct of C-HADS. The overall and two subscales of C-HADS in both cancer patients and family caregivers had good internal consistency and acceptable concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the HADS may be a reliable and valid screening tool, as indicated by its original two-factor structure. The finding supports the basic assumption of two-factor construct of HADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caiping Hu
- Shanxi Provincial Tomor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Huiya Zhou
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongyong Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Li Q, Xu Y, Zhou H, Loke AY. Factors influencing the health-related quality of life of Chinese advanced cancer patients and their spousal caregivers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15:72. [PMID: 27484209 PMCID: PMC4971682 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-016-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer and its treatment have a major impact on the lives of patients and their intimate partners, such as on their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aims of this study are to: (i) assess the HRQOL of advanced cancer patients and spousal caregivers, and explore the relationship between the HRQOL of cancer patients and that of their spousal caregivers; (ii) detect factors influencing the HRQOL of cancer patients and spousal caregivers; and (iii) explore the impact of anxiety and depression on the HRQOL of couples. Methods A total of 131 couples where one of the partners was hospitalized for advanced cancer were invited to complete a survey to assess their demographic and background information, HRQOL, and anxiety and depression. HRQOL was measured using the SF-12, while anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using a T-test, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regressions, and structural equation modeling. Results In general, the spousal caregivers had higher levels of HRQOL (seven out of eight SF-12 domains and two SF-12 dimensions) p = 0.038–0.000, anxiety (p = 0.002), and depression (p = 0.011) than patients. Correlations of HRQOL between patients and spouses were small to moderate (r = 0.193–0.398). Multiple independent factors influencing the physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS), vitality (VT), and role emotional (RE) sections of the SF-12 were identified, including: gender, time since diagnosis, levels of education, working status, the extent to which spousal caregivers were informed about the disease, improved marital relationship after the diagnosis of cancer, and anxiety and depression. For both patients and spousal caregivers, the strongest independent factor influencing HRQOL (SF-12 PCS, MCS, VT, and RE) was anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression may have both actor and partner effects on the HRQOL of couples to various degrees. Conclusions The findings of this study call attention to the HRQOL of couples and its influencing factors. Individual characteristics of cancer patients and spouses, marital relationship, and anxiety and depression are highlighted as areas in which couples coping with cancer could benefit from interventions to improve their HRQOL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12904-016-0142-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiya Zhou
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Alice Yuen Loke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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McMullin MF, James G, Duncombe AS, de Vocht F, Fritschi L, Clarke M, Anderson LA. Patient perspectives of a diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm in a case control study. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:14. [PMID: 27239389 PMCID: PMC4882775 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including the classic entities; polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis are rare diseases with unknown aetiology. The MOSAICC study, is an exploratory case-control study in which information was collected through telephone questionnaires and medical records. METHODS As part of the study, 106 patients with MPN were asked about their perceived diagnosis and replies correlated with their haematologist's diagnosis. For the first time, a patient perspective on their MPN diagnosis and classification was obtained. Logistic regression analyses were utilised to evaluate the role of variables in whether or not a patient reported their diagnosis during interview with co-adjustment for these variables. Chi square tests were used to investigate the association between MPN subtype and patient reported categorisation of MPN. RESULTS Overall, 77.4 % of patients reported a diagnosis of MPN. Of those, 39.6 % recognised MPN as a 'blood condition', 23.6 % recognised MPN as a 'cancer' and 13.2 % acknowledged MPN as an 'other medical condition'. There was minimal overlap between the categories. Patients with PV were more likely than those with ET to report their disease as a 'blood condition'. ET patients were significantly more likely than PV patients not to report their condition at all. Patients from a single centre were more likely to report their diagnosis as MPN while age, educational status, and WHO re-classification had no effect. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between concepts of MPN in patients could result from differing patient interest in their condition, varying information conveyed by treating hematologists, concealment due to denial or financial concerns. Explanations for the differences in patient perception of the nature of their disease, requires further, larger scale investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Frances McMullin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University Belfast, C Floor, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Glen James
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrew S. Duncombe
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mike Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lesley A. Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Liu X, Liu Y, Hao J, Zhao X, Lang Y, Fan F, Cai C, Li G, Zhang L, Yu G. In Vivo Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate (LFCS) from Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050625. [PMID: 27187337 PMCID: PMC6273849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (LFCS) was prepared from native fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), which was extracted and isolated from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, and the anti-cancer mechanism of LFCS on mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was investigated. The results showed that LFCS remarkably inhibited LLC growth and metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. LFCS induced cell cycle arrest by increasing p53/p21 expression and apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 activity in LLC cells. Meanwhile, LFCS suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and downregulated the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) level. Furthermore, LFCS significantly suppressed the activation of ERK1/2/p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway, which played a prime role in expression of MMPs. All of these data indicate LFCS may be used as anti-cancer drug candidates and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yinzhi Lang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Khan MK, Syed AA, Khattak S, Kazmi SA, Yusuf A. Surgical management of gastric cancer: Single center experience from a developing country. South Asian J Cancer 2016; 4:127-9. [PMID: 26942143 PMCID: PMC4756487 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.173169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Geographical distributional of gastric cancer (GC), differences in stage at the time of presentation and varying surgical expertise have resulted in different management strategies around the world. The aim of this study is to determine postoperative morbidity/mortality and overall survival in patients with GC treated at a cancer hospital in Pakistan. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent for GC from June 2006 to July 2012 was performed. Primary end point was overall survival after a minimum follow-up of 15 months. For categorical data, frequencies were calculated, and means were measured for continuous variables. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data and Kaplan–Meir survival analysis was performed to estimate 5 years survival outcome using SPSS. Results: Majority of the patients were males with median age of 51 years. Perioperative chemotherapy was offered to 75 patients while upfront surgery was performed in 23 patients. In perioperative chemotherapy group 51 patients and 22 in the upfront surgery group ended up having curative resection. The 5 years survival (n = 98) was found to be of 37%. The 5 years survival of patients in perioperative chemotherapy group (n = 75) was 44% while those who had a curative resection (n = 73) had survival of 46%. Conclusion: Gastric adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease. Perioperative chemotherapy works well in Pakistani population as the results at our institution are comparable with international data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali Syed
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khattak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ather Kazmi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasim Yusuf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
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47
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Gao Y, Wu JY, Zeng F, Liu GL, Zhang HT, Yun H, Song FZ. ALEX1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3293-9. [PMID: 25921134 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arm protein lost in epithelial cancers, on chromosome X (ALEX) is a novel subgroup within the armadillo (ARM) family, which has one or two ARM repeat domains as opposed to more than six-thirteen repeats in the classical Armadillo family members. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, we explore the biological functions of ALEX1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of ALEX1 and silencing of ALEX1 were performed with SK-BR3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays, along with flow cytometry, were carried out to evaluate the roles of ALEX1. RESULTS ALEX1 overexpression in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, depletion of ALEX1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Additional analyses demonstrated that the overexpression of ALEX1 activated the intrinsic apoptosis cascades through up-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 and down-regulating the levels of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. Simultaneouly, silencing of ALEX1 inhibited intrinsic apoptosis cascades through down-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9, and active caspase-3 and up-regulating the level of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ALEX1 as a crucial tumor suppressor gene has been involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer, which may serve as a novel candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail :
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48
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Lopes LV, Miguel F, Freitas H, Tavares A, Pangui S, Castro C, Lacerda GF, Longatto-Filho A, Weiderpass E, Santos LL. Stage at presentation of breast cancer in Luanda, Angola - a retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:471. [PMID: 26471845 PMCID: PMC4608221 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is expected that, by 2020, 15 million new cases of cancer will occur every year in the world, one million of them in Africa. Knowledge of cancer trends in African countries is far from adequate, and improvements in cancer prevention efforts are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to characterize breast cancer clinically and pathologically at presentation in Luanda, Angola; we additionally provide quality information that will be useful for breast cancer care planning in the country. Methods Data on breast cancer cases were retrieved from the Angolan Institute of Cancer Control, from 2006 to 2014. For women diagnosed in 2009 (5-years of follow-up), demographic, clinical and pathological information, at presentation, was collected, namely age at diagnosis, parity, methods used for pathological diagnoses, tumor pathological characteristics, stage of disease and treatment. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2009 was 47 years old (range 25–89). The most frequent clinical presentation was breast swelling with axillary lymph nodes metastasis (44.9 %), followed by a mass larger than 5 cm (14.2 %) and lump (12.9 %). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the main histologic type (81.8 %). Only 10.1 % of cancer cases had a well differentiated histological grade. Cancers were diagnosed mostly at advanced stages (66.7 % in stage III and 11.1 % in stage IV). Discussion In this study, breast cancer was diagnosed at a very advanced stage. Although it reports data from a single cancer center in Luanda, Angola it reinforces the need for early diagnosis and increasing awareness. According to the main challenges related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment herein presented, we propose a realistic framework that would allow for the implementation of a breast cancer care program, built under a strong network based on cooperation, teaching, audit, good practices and the organization of health services. Conclusion Angola needs urgently a program for early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Freitas
- National Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola.
| | | | | | - Clara Castro
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 14), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center "Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular" (CPOM), Barretos, Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Angolan Institute of Cancer Control, Luanda, Angola. .,ONCOCIR - Education and Care in Oncology, Luanda, Angola. .,Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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49
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Wierzbicka JM, Binek A, Ahrends T, Nowacka JD, Szydłowska A, Turczyk Ł, Wąsiewicz T, Wierzbicki PM, Sądej R, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT, Chybicki J, Adrych K, Kmieć Z, Żmijewski MA. Differential antitumor effects of vitamin D analogues on colorectal carcinoma in culture. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1084-96. [PMID: 26260259 PMCID: PMC4532196 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an emerging global problem with the rapid increase in its incidence being associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. Epidemiological studies have shown that decreased levels of vitamin D3 significantly increases the risk of CRC. Furthermore, negative effects of vitamin D3 deficiency can be compensated by appropriate supplementation. Vitamin D3 was shown to inhibit growth and induce differentiation of cancer cells, however, excessive vitamin D3 intake leads to hypercalcemia. Thus, development of efficient vitamin D3 analogues with limited impact on calcium homeostasis is an important scientific and clinically relevant task. The aims of the present study were to compare the antiproliferative potential of classic vitamin D3 metabolites (1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3) with selected low calcemic analogues (calcipotriol and 20(OH)D3) on CRC cell lines and to investigate the expression of vitamin D-related genes in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. Vitamin D3 analogues exerted anti-proliferative effects on all CRC cell lines tested. Calcipotriol proved to be as potent as 1α,25(OH)2D3 and had more efficacy than 20-hydroxyvitamin D3. In addition, the analogs tested effectively inhibited the formation of colonies in Matrigel. The expression of genes involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling and metabolism varied in cell lines analysed, which explains in part their different sensitivities to the various analogues. In CRC biopsies, there was decreased VDR expression in tumor samples in comparison to the surgical margin and healthy colon samples (p<0.01). The present study indicates that vitamin D3 analogues which have low calcemic activity, such as calcipotriol or 20(OH)D3, are very promising candidates for CRC therapy. Moreover, expression profiling of vitamin D-related genes is likely to be a powerful tool in the planning of anticancer therapy. Decreased levels of VDR and increased CYP24A1 expression in clinical samples underline the importance of deregulation of vitamin D pathways in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Binek
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Ahrends
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J D Nowacka
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Szydłowska
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ł Turczyk
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Wąsiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - P M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Chybicki
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Ministry Internal Affairs, 80104 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Adrych
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Z Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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50
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Orecchioni M, Cabizza R, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Graphene as cancer theranostic tool: progress and future challenges. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:710-23. [PMID: 25897336 PMCID: PMC4402495 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Current diagnostic techniques need to be improved to provide earlier diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy approaches to cancer are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity. In this scenario nanomaterials could be good allies to give more specific cancer treatment effectively reducing undesired side effects and giving at the same time accurate diagnosis and successful therapy. In this context, thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene (rGO) have recently attracted tremendous interest in biomedicine including cancer therapy. Herein we analyzed all studies presented in literature related to cancer fight using graphene and graphene-based conjugates. In this context, we aimed at the full picture of the state of the art providing new inputs for future strategies in the cancer theranostic by using of graphene. We found an impressive increasing interest in the material for cancer therapy and/or diagnosis. The majority of the works (73%) have been carried out on drug and gene delivery applications, following by photothermal therapy (32%), imaging (31%) and photodynamic therapy (10%). A 27% of the studies focused on theranostic applications. Part of the works here discussed contribute to the growth of the theranostic field covering the use of imaging (i.e. ultrasonography, positron electron tomography, and fluorescent imaging) combined to one or more therapeutic modalities. We found that the use of graphene in cancer theranostics is still in an early but rapidly growing stage of investigation. Any technology based on nanomaterials can significantly enhance their possibility to became the real revolution in medicine if combines diagnosis and therapy at the same time. We performed a comprehensive summary of the latest progress of graphene cancer fight and highlighted the future challenges and the innovative possible theranostic applications.
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