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Szyk P, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk DT, Ślusarska B, Kocki T, Ziegler-Borowska M, Goslinski T. Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Purines of Established Importance in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2647. [PMID: 37836288 PMCID: PMC10574807 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Many purine derivatives are active pharmaceutical ingredients of significant importance in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections. In many cases, their medical use is limited due to unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. These problems can be overcome by the preparation of the prodrugs of purines or by combining these compounds with nanoparticles. Herein, we aim to review the scientific progress and perspectives for polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines. Polymeric nanoparticles turned out to have the potential to augment antiviral and antiproliferative effects of purine derivatives by specific binding to receptors (ASGR1-liver, macrophage mannose receptor), increase in drug retention (in eye, intestines, and vagina), and permeation (intranasal to brain delivery, PEPT1 transport of acyclovir). The most significant achievements of polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines were found for tenofovir disoproxil in protection against HIV, for acyclovir against HSV, for 6-mercaptopurine in prolongation of mice ALL model life, as well as for 6-thioguanine for increased efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Moreover, nanocarriers were able to diminish the toxic effects of acyclovir, didanosine, cladribine, tenofovir, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
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Versluys AB, Boelens JJ, Pronk C, Lankester A, Bordon V, Buechner J, Ifversen M, Jackmann N, Sundin M, Vettenranta K, Abrahamsson J, Mellgren K. Hematopoietic cell transplant in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia after similar upfront therapy; a comparison of conditioning regimens. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1426-1432. [PMID: 33469191 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) in pediatric AML-patients is not well studied. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide (BuCy), Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide-Melphalan (BuCyMel) and Clofarabine-Fludarabine-Busulfan (CloFluBu) in pediatric AML-patients, with similar upfront leukemia treatment (NOPHO-DBHconsortium), receiving an HCT between 2010 and 2015. Outcomes of interest were LFS, relapse, TRM and GvHD. 103 patients were included; 30 received BuCy, 37 BuCyMel, and 36 CloFluBu. The 5-years LFS was 43.3% (SE ± 9.0) in the BuCy group, 59.2 % (SE ± 8.1) after BuCyMel, and 66.7 % (SE ± 7.9) after CloFluBu. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed a trend to lower LFS after BuCy compared to CloFluBu (p = 0.07). BuCy was associated with a higher relapse incidence compared to the other regimens (p = 0.06). Younger age was a predictor for relapse (p = 0.02). A strong correlation between Busulfan Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and lower incidence of aGvHD (p < 0.001) was found. In conclusion, LFS after BuCyMel and CloFluBu was comparable, lower LFS was found after BuCy, due to higher relapse incidence. CloFluBu was associated with lower incidence of aGvHD, suggesting lower toxicity with this type of conditioning. This finding is also explained by the impact of Busulfan monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Versluys
- Department of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J J Boelens
- Department of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Pronk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Bordon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Buechner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Ifversen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Jackmann
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Sundin
- Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and HCT, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital; and Division of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Vettenranta
- University of Helsinki and Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Abrahamsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Mellgren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nishi R, Shigemi H, Negoro E, Okura M, Hosono N, Yamauchi T. Venetoclax and alvocidib are both cytotoxic to acute myeloid leukemia cells resistant to cytarabine and clofarabine. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:984. [PMID: 33046037 PMCID: PMC7552348 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytarabine (ara-C) is the major drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but cellular resistance to ara-C is a major obstacle to therapeutic success. The present study examined enhanced anti-apoptosis identified in 3 newly established nucleoside analogue-resistant leukemic cell line variants and approaches to overcoming this resistance. Methods HL-60 human AML cells were used to develop the ara-C– or clofarabine (CAFdA)-resistant variants. The Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the Mcl-1 inhibitor alvocidib were tested to determine whether they could reverse these cells’ resistance. Results A 10-fold ara-C-resistant HL-60 variant, a 4-fold CAFdA-resistant HL-60 variant, and a 30-fold CAFdA-resistant HL-60 variant were newly established. The variants demonstrated reduced deoxycytidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase expression, but intact expression of surface transporters (hENT1, hENT2, hCNT3). The variants exhibited lower expression of intracellular nucleoside analogue triphosphates compared with non-variant HL-60 cells. The variants also overexpressed Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Venetoclax as a single agent was not cytotoxic to the resistant variants. Nevertheless, venetoclax with nucleoside analogs demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity against the variants. Alvocidib as a single agent was cytotoxic to the cells. However, alvocidib induced G1 arrest and suppressed the cytotoxicity of the co-administered nucleoside analogs. Conclusions Three new nucleoside analogue-resistant HL-60 cell variants exhibited reduced production of intracellular analogue triphosphates and enhanced Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expressions. Venetoclax combined with nucleoside analogs showed synergistic anti-leukemic effects and overcame the drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Shigemi
- Public Health Center of Tango, 855 Tanba, Mineyama, Kyotango, Kyoto, 627-8570, Japan
| | - Eiju Negoro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Miyuki Okura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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A Real-World Study on Clofarabine and Cytarabine Combination in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2019; 11:e2019032. [PMID: 31205636 PMCID: PMC6548210 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2019.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Muluneh B, Buhlinger K, Deal AM, Zeidner JF, Foster MC, Jamieson KJ, Bates J, Van Deventer HW. A Comparison of Clofarabine-based (GCLAC) and Cladribine-based (CLAG) Salvage Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory AML. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 18:e13-e18. [PMID: 29100976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvage regimens for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (rrAML) lack comparative data for superiority. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis of clofarabine-based (GCLAC; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [filgrastim], clofarabine, high-dose cytarabine) versus cladribine-based (CLAG; cladribine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [filgrastim]) regimens in rrAML. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 41 consecutive patients with rrAML who had received either GCLAC or CLAG from 2011 to 2014. The primary outcome measure was the complete remission (CR) rate defined according to the International Working Group criteria. The secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation and the rate of relapse-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS We found no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients treated with GCLAC (n = 22) or CLAG (n = 19). The outcomes with these 2 regimens were not significantly different. Patients treated with GCLAC had a CR/CR with incomplete blood count recovery rate of 64% compared with 47% for the patients treated with CLAG (P = .36). Of the GCLAC patients, 45% underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation compared with 26% of the CLAG patients (P = .32). The median relapse-free survival after GCLAC and CLAG was 1.59 years and 1.03 years, respectively (P = .75). The median overall survival after GCLAG and CLAG was 1.03 years and 0.70 years, respectively (P = .08). The drug costs were significantly different for GCLAC versus CLAG. Using an average wholesale price, the cost per patient per cycle was $60,821.60 for GCLAC and $4910.60 for CLAG. CONCLUSION A single-institutional retrospective analysis found no significant differences in the outcomes between GCLAC and CLAG for rrAML patients, although formal comparisons should be performed in a randomized clinical trial. The cost of GCLAC was greater than that of CLAG, which should be considered when evaluating the choice for the salvage chemotherapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Muluneh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Kaitlyn Buhlinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison M Deal
- Biostatistics and Clinical Data Management Core, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew C Foster
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katarzyna Joanna Jamieson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jill Bates
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC
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Longu F, Fozza C, Dessì L, Longinotti M, Bonfigli S, Careddu MG, Coppola L, Giannico DB, Nieddu RM, Podda L, Pardini S, Dore F, Dore S, Sotgiu G. Fludarabine and Cytarabine Combination in the Induction of Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Acta Haematol 2016; 137:15-16. [PMID: 27806360 DOI: 10.1159/000449277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Daly MB, Roth ME, Bonnac L, Maldonado JO, Xie J, Clouser CL, Patterson SE, Kim B, Mansky LM. Dual anti-HIV mechanism of clofarabine. Retrovirology 2016; 13:20. [PMID: 27009333 PMCID: PMC4806454 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 replication kinetics inherently depends on the availability of cellular dNTPs for viral DNA synthesis. In activated CD4(+) T cells and other rapidly dividing cells, the concentrations of dNTPs are high and HIV-1 reverse transcription occurs in an efficient manner. In contrast, nondividing cells such as macrophages have lower dNTP pools, which restricts efficient reverse transcription. Clofarabine is an FDA approved ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, which has shown potent antiretroviral activity in transformed cell lines. Here, we explore the potency, toxicity and mechanism of action of clofarabine in the human primary HIV-1 target cells: activated CD4(+) T cells and macrophages. RESULTS Clofarabine is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor in both activated CD4(+) T cells and macrophages. Due to its minimal toxicity in macrophages, clofarabine displays a selectivity index over 300 in this nondividing cell type. The anti-HIV-1 activity of clofarabine correlated with a significant decrease in both cellular dNTP levels and viral DNA synthesis. Additionally, we observed that clofarabine triphosphate was directly incorporated into DNA by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and blocked processive DNA synthesis, particularly at the low dNTP levels found in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data provide strong mechanistic evidence that clofarabine is a dual action inhibitor of HIV-1 replication that both limits dNTP substrates for viral DNA synthesis and directly inhibits the DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele B Daly
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Megan E Roth
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laurent Bonnac
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - José O Maldonado
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christine L Clouser
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven E Patterson
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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