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Geisler HC, Safford HC, Mitchell MJ. Rational Design of Nanomedicine for Placental Disorders: Birthing a New Era in Women's Reproductive Health. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2300852. [PMID: 37191231 PMCID: PMC10651803 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ that forms during pregnancy and acts as a biological barrier, mediating exchange between maternal and fetal circulation. Placental disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta accreta spectrum, and gestational trophoblastic disease, originate in dysfunctional placental development during pregnancy and can lead to severe complications for both the mother and fetus. Unfortunately, treatment options for these disorders are severely lacking. Challenges in designing therapeutics for use during pregnancy involve selectively delivering payloads to the placenta while protecting the fetus from potential toxic side effects. Nanomedicine holds great promise in overcoming these barriers; the versatile and modular nature of nanocarriers, including prolonged circulation times, intracellular delivery, and organ-specific targeting, can control how therapeutics interact with the placenta. In this review, nanomedicine strategies are discussed to treat and diagnose placental disorders with an emphasis on understanding the unique pathophysiology behind each of these diseases. Finally, prior study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these placental disorders has revealed novel disease targets. These targets are highlighted here to motivate the rational design of precision nanocarriers to improve therapeutic options for placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Geisler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah C. Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19014, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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Bonomo I, Fopa S, Van Vinckenroy G, Maillard C. Giant complete hydatidiform mole: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:277. [PMID: 38867300 PMCID: PMC11170884 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case describes the youngest patient documented in the literature who presented with a giant hydatidiform mole, effectively addressed through conservative treatment. CASE PRESENTATION Our department received a 20-year-old Caucasian patient who was admitted due to significant metrorrhagia in an undisclosed pregnancy. During examination, we identified a massive, highly vascularized hydatidiform mole measuring 22 cm (cm). We performed a surgical dilatation and curettage. The anatomopathological findings confirmed the presence of a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). Following the established guidelines, we conducted weekly monitoring of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Unfortunately, the patient discontinued the follow-up and became pregnant again before achieving hCG negativation. CONCLUSION This case suggests that conservative treatment is a viable option regardless of the size of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), especially when the preservation of fertility is a crucial consideration, as effectively demonstrated in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bonomo
- Department of Breast and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer de Bordeaux, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Suzy Fopa
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Grégory Van Vinckenroy
- Deparment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgique
| | - Charlotte Maillard
- Department of Gynecology and Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200, Brussels, Belgique
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Wu Q, Peng M, Lv C, Chen L, Mao X, Lin T, Sun P, Wang Y. Claudin-6 enhances the malignant progression of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm by promoting proliferation and metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1114-1123. [PMID: 36471225 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choriocarcinoma (CC) is a rare and highly malignant epithelial tumour. However, the mechanism underlying its occurrence and development remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the biological significance and prognostic value of Claudin-6 (CLDN6) in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected clinical GTD specimens from 2011 to 2019 and measured CLDN6 gene expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed a GTD progression-associated gene. CCK-8, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the biological effects of CLDN6 overexpression and knockdown. The medical records of 118 GTD patients from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively analysed to identify correlations between CLDN6 expression and GTD patient clinical-pathological parameters; these correlations were analysed using the chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse various prognostic parameters of patients with post-molar GTN. RESULTS CLDN6 had the second highest fold change in gene expression between GTN and normal samples. CLDN6 was highly expressed in GTN tissues and CC cell lines, and silencing CLDN6 inhibited the proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis of CC cells. CLDN6 overexpression was significantly correlated with uterine size (p = 0.01) and ovarian cysts > 6 cm (p = 0.027), CLDN6 expression was significantly higher in HR-GTNs than in low-risk GTNs (LR-GTNs) (p = 0.008), and logistic regression analysis showed that CLDN6 expression in hydatidiform moles (HMs) was related to a high risk of developing post-molar GTN (OR = 2.393, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION We propose that CLDN6 participates in the development of GTD and may become a new therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilian Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfu Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Z, Zhu C, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang L, Fan J, Xu Y, Zou N, Kong Y, Li D, Sui L. miR-30a targets STOX2 to increase cell proliferation and metastasis in hydatidiform moles via ERK, AKT, and P38 signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:103. [PMID: 35246136 PMCID: PMC8895545 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A hydatidiform mole is a condition caused by abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells. MicroRNA miR-30a acts as a tumor suppressor gene in most tumors and participates in the development of various cancers. However, its role in hydatidiform moles is not clear. Methods Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to verify the expression level of miR-30a and STOX2 (encoding storkhead box 2). Flow cytometry assays were performed to detect the cell cycle in cell with different expression levels of miR-30a and STOX2. Cell Cycle Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation and viability. Transwell assays was used to test cell invasion and migration. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were used to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. Result Low miR-30a expression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblastic cells (JAR and HTR-8). Dual luciferase assays confirmed that STOX2 is a target of miR-30a and resisted the effect of upregulated miR-30a in trophoblastic cells. In addition, downregulation of STOX2 by miR-30a could activate ERK, AKT, and P38 signaling pathways. These results revealed a new mechanism by which ERK, AKT, and P38 activation by miR-30a/STOX2 results in excessive proliferation of trophoblast cells in the hydatidiform mole. Conclusions In this study, we found that miR-30a plays an important role in the development of the hydatidiform mole. Our findings indicate that miR-30a might promote the malignant transformation of human trophoblastic cells by regulating STOX2, which strengthens our understanding of the role of miR-30a in regulating trophoblastic cell transformation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02503-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Youhui Wang
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuefei Xu
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Zou
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Municipal Women And Children's Medical Center, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Kong
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Municipal Women And Children's Medical Center, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Sui
- Core Lab Glycobiol & Glycoengn, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Weng D, Han T, Dong J, Zhang M, Mi Y, He Y, Li X, Zhu X. Angiogenin and MMP-2 as potential biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28768. [PMID: 35119039 PMCID: PMC8812619 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) are characterized by vascular abnormalities of the trophoblast, but their pathogenesis is unknown. Angiogenin (ANG) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, which are molecules implicated in the angiogenic process, may play some role in this process. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined ANG and MMP-2 in the placental tissues of 26 patients who had a benign mole (BM), 12 patients with gestational trophoblast neoplasia (GTN) (1 invasive hydatidiform mole, 10 choriocarcinomas, and 1 placental-site trophoblastic tumor), and 28 normal chorionic villi (NCV) subjects using immunohistochemistry staining. We obtained the serum samples from 20 patients with GTDs and 20 early pregnant women and evaluated them by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS ANG expression in GTN (66.7%) and BM (100%) samples were both significantly higher (strong/intermediate staining) than in NCV (60.7%) samples (P < .001). Similarly, the immunoreactivities of MMP-2 in the GTN (66.7%) and BM (80.8%) samples were significantly elevated compared to that of the NCV (57.1%) samples (P < .001). The levels of ANG and MMP-2 in the maternal serum of the GTN group were both significantly higher than those of the control group (P < .001). ANG and MMP-2 expressions were associated with gestation age, clinical stage, and FIGO stage. A positive correlation between ANG and MMP-2 expression was observed (rs = 0.725; P < .01). CONCLUSION ANG and MMP-2 levels were significantly elevated in the placental tissues and maternal serum from patients with GTDs. Further studies with more patients may clarify the vascular abnormalities in GTDs and determine potential biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health's Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Jin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health's Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health's Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health's Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiping He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
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Almohammadi NH. A histopathological profile of gestational trophoblastic disease in the Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia: A single institute experience. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1256-1261. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_2049_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang Q, Dong H. Complete hydatidiform mole in a 52-year-old postmenopausal woman: A case report and literature review. Case Rep Womens Health 2021; 31:e00338. [PMID: 34258236 PMCID: PMC8255813 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2021.e00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign gestational trophoblastic disease generally occurs in women of reproductive age and is extremely rare in postmenopausal women. Here, the authors describe a case of complete hydatidiform mole in a 52-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of lower abdominal bloating and vaginal bleeding. The paper summarizes the clinical manifestations, physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment options for gestational trophoblastic disease in postmenopausal women. This study highlights that gestational trophoblastic disease can occur in postmenopausal women and that it is important to include it in the differential diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding, to prevent delay in treatment. Hydatidiform mole (HM) is extremely rare in postmenopausal women. Patients with hydatidiform mole generally present with vaginal bleeding. Prophylactic chemotherapy can prevent distant metastasis of hydatidiform mole. Follow-up monitoring of serum β-HCG levels is vital after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
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Fei W, Zhao Y, Wu X, Sun D, Yao Y, Wang F, Zhang M, Li C, Qin J, Zheng C. Nucleoside transporter-guided cytarabine-conjugated liposomes for intracellular methotrexate delivery and cooperative choriocarcinoma therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 34130695 PMCID: PMC8207694 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic tumors seriously endanger child productive needs and the health of women in childbearing age. Nanodrug-based therapy mediated by transporters provides a novel strategy for the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. Focusing on the overexpression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3), cytarabine (Cy, a substrate of ENT1)-grafted liposomes (Cy-Lipo) were introduced for the targeted delivery of methotrexate (Cy-Lipo@MTX) for choriocarcinoma therapy in this study. ENT1 has a high affinity for Cy-Lipo and can mediate the endocytosis of the designed nanovehicles into JEG-3 cells. The ENT1 protein maintains its transportation function through circulation and regeneration during endocytosis. Therefore, Cy-Lipo-based formulations showed high tumor accumulation and retention in biodistribution studies. More importantly, the designed DSPE-PEG2k-Cy conjugation exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect on choriocarcinoma. Finally, Cy-Lipo@MTX exerted an extremely powerful anti-choriocarcinoma effect with fewer side effects. This study suggests that the overexpressed ENT1 on choriocarcinoma cells holds great potential as a high-efficiency target for the rational design of active targeting nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang B, Chen J, Xiao T, Zhang JV, Chen S, Fan X. Reduction of pl-CSA through ChSy-2 knockout inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma in JEG3 cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:207-215. [PMID: 33390789 PMCID: PMC7738969 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Placental-like chondroitin sulfate A (pl-CSA) is exclusively expressed in cancerous and placental tissues and is highly correlated with the degree of malignancy. However, the mechanism through which pl-CSA regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis in choriocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods: Stable transfectants of the JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line, including a negative control (NC) line and a cell line with knockout of the biosynthetic enzyme CS synthase-2 (ChSy-2) (ChSy-2-/-), were obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 systems and identified by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation of the cells were determined by a cell counting kit, scratch-wound assays, transwell assays and soft agar colony formation assays in vitro, respectively. The tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma were also investigated through two xenograft models in vivo. Results: The ChSy-2 protein in the ChSy-2-/-group was below the detection threshold, which was accompanied a significant reduction in the pl-CSA level. Reducing pl-CSA through ChSy-2 knockout significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in vitro and tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma, with deceases in tumor volume and metastatic foci and a high percent survival compared to the NC in vivo. Conclusion: pl-CSA, as a necessary component of JEG-3 cells, was efficiently reduced through ChSy-2 knockout, which significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma. ChSy-2/pl-CSA could be alternative targets for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China.,Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Baobei Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Yu H, Zhang W, Han P, Yang B, Feng X, Zhou P, Zhu X, Zhou B, Chen W, Qian J, Yu J. MST4 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Choriocarcinoma by Mediating TGF-β1 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11935-11946. [PMID: 33244239 PMCID: PMC7683511 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s269168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 4 (MST4), also known as serine/threonine kinase 26 (STK26), promotes development of several cancers and is found to be highly expressed in the placenta. However, in choriocarcinoma that originated from the placenta, the expression of MST4 was undetermined and its mechanism was unknown. In this study, the expression of MST4 in choriocarcinoma as well as the underlying mechanism was explored. Purpose To detect the expression of MST4 in patient samples and mechanism of mediating EMT by MST4 in choriocarcinoma. Patients and Methods The metastatic lesions of choriocarcinoma (n=17) and volunteer villus (n=17) were collected to determine MST4 expression using immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. We use siRNA and lentiviral vector to knockdown MST4 and use plasmid to overexpress MST4 in choriocarcinoma. Then, we apply real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot assay and immunofluorescence assay to detect target protein expressions. Cell invasion and migration and cell proliferation were detected by transwell assay and wound healing assay and CCK-8 and cell colony formation. Results MST4 is lowly expressed in the metastatic lesions of choriocarcinoma patients when compared with normal villus. Knockdown of MST4 activated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, significantly increasing the ability of invasion and migration in choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR and JEG-3). In contrast, the EMT process was restrained in choriocarcinoma cell lines with overexpressed MST4. Meanwhile, genome-wide gene expression array, Western blot and ELISA revealed that tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has significantly increased. The EMT process and metastatic prompting biofunction were reversed after using TGF-β1 inhibitor (LY364947) in the choriocarcinoma cell lines with MST4 knockdown. Conclusion Our studies demonstrated that MST4 was lowly expressed in patient samples. Additionally, JAR and JEG-3 increase cell invasion and migration ability while there is no influence on cell proliferation with MST4 knockdown. Conversely, the metastatic ability of JAR and JEG-3 was decreased with overexpressed MST4. Moreover, TGF-β1 was a key factor after MST4 knockdown. In conclusion, MST4 affects choriocarcinoma EMT by mediating TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Han
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Beng Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Pujiang 322200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qian
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
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Nadhan R, Vaman JV, Sengodan SK, Hemalatha SK, Chellappan N, Sadasivan S, Pasuthottiyil Varkey A, Yesodharan S, Raji Sathyanpillai K, Bhuvaneswari Venugopal AK, Prameelakumari Sreenivasan S, Rajan A, Latha NR, Varghese GR, Thankappan R, Achyutuni S, Sreekumar Usha JD, Vijayamma Anilkumar T, Srinivas P. BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in human placenta: a hidden link with β-hCG expression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:611-624. [PMID: 31219560 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are group of pregnancy-related tumors characterized by abnormal levels of 'β-hCG' with higher incidence in South-East Asia, especially India. Our laboratory has reported that wild-type BRCA1 transcriptionally regulates β-hCG in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). These factors culminated into analysis of BRCA1 status in GTD, which would emanate into elucidation of BRCA1- β-hCG relationship and unraveling etio-pathology of GTD. BRCA1 level in GTD is down-regulated due to the over-expression of DNMT3b and subsequent promoter hypermethylation, when compared to the normal placentae accompanied with its shift in localization. There is an inverse correlation of serum β-hCG levels with BRCA1 mRNA expression. The effects of methotrexate (MTX), which is the first-line chemotherapeutic used for GTD treatment, when analyzed in comparison with plumbagin (PB) revealed that PB alone is efficient than MTX alone or MTX-PB in combination, in showing selective cytotoxicity against GTD. Interestingly, PB increases BRCA1 levels post-treatment, altering DNMT3b levels and resultant BRCA1 promoter methylation. Also, cohort study analyzed the incidence of GTD at Sree Avittom Thirunal (SAT) Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, which points out that 11.5% of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) cases were referred to Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, for examination of breast lumps. This has lend clues to supervene the risk of GTD patients towards BRCA1-associated diseases and unveil novel therapeutic for GTD, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, PB, already reported as selectively cytotoxic against BRCA1 defective tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jayashree Vijaya Vaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sengodan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, USA
| | - Sreelatha Krishnakumar Hemalatha
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nirmala Chellappan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Santha Sadasivan
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sreelekha Yesodharan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Arathi Rajan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neetha Rajan Latha
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Geetu Rose Varghese
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ratheeshkumar Thankappan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research and Development Wing, Life Cell International Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarada Achyutuni
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Thapasimuthu Vijayamma Anilkumar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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12
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Fatal cervix rupture due to intraplacental choriocarcinoma triggered by sexual intercourse. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:317-320. [PMID: 31701216 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 27-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, died 30 min after intercourse at the 16th week of gestation. The prenatal medical history indicated the placental implantation position at the cervix. The autopsy revealed massive hemoperitoneum and a tumor in the placenta and myometrium on the anterior right side of the cervix. A transmural perforation was found from the tumor to the serosal surface of the cervix. The autopsy, histopathology, and medical history indicated that her death was ascribed to the rupture of the cervix due to intraplacental choriocarcinoma (IC) after intercourse. The case indicated that placental implantation and tumor invasion might lead to the rupture of the uterus triggered by external forces in daily life. This case study might increase the awareness and recognition of IC.
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13
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Placental cell death patterns exhibit differences throughout gestation in two strains of laboratory mice. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:341-358. [PMID: 31227907 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is an essential physiological process required for the proper development and function of the human placenta. Although the mouse is a commonly used animal model for development studies, little is known about the extent and distribution of cell death in the mouse placenta throughout development and its physiological relevance. In the present study, we report the results of a systematic and quantitative assessment of cell death patterns in the placentae of two strains of laboratory mice commonly used for developmental studies-ICR and C57Bl/6. TUNEL staining revealed that ICR and C57Bl/6 placentae exhibited similar cell death patterns to those reported in human placentae during pregnancy, with comparatively infrequent death observed during early gestation, which increased and became more organized towards term. Interestingly, when comparing strain differences, increased cell death was observed in almost all regions of the inbred C57Bl/6 placentae compared to the outbred ICR strain. Finally, since Bcl-2 ovarian killer (Bok) has been reported to be a key player in human placental cell death, we examined its expression in murine placentae throughout gestation. Bok protein expression was observed in all placental regions and increased towards term in both strains. The results of this study indicate that although strain-specific differences in placental cell death exist, the overall rates and patterns of cell death during murine placentation parallel those previously described in humans. Thus, the murine placenta is a useful model to investigate molecular pathways involved in cell death signaling during human placentation.
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14
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Hou M, Zheng Y, Ding Z, He S, Xu M, Chen X, Zhang H, Zeng C, Sun C, Jiang W, Wang H, Shen H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Sun S, Jiang N, Cui Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Wang C, Li M, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lin M, Ke Z. The role of a semi-automated NanoVelcro system in capturing circulating tumor cells and evaluating their prognostic value for gestational choriocarcinoma. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1200-1210. [PMID: 30656300 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are detectable in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) and evaluate the prognostic value of CTC enumeration. In this multicenter study, the presence of CTCs was examined in 180 GC patients using a semi-automated NanoVelcro system, among whom 106 patients underwent CTC re-evaluation after one cycle of chemotherapy. Approximately 96% of the GC patients contained ≥2 CTCs in 7.5 mL of blood. The number of CTCs per 7.5 mL of blood was much higher in patients with distant metastases (n = 95; range, 0 to 104) than in patients without distant metastases (n = 85; range, 0 to 6). Applying a 90-patient training and 90-patient validation cohort, a cutoff value of ≥6 CTCs was defined as the prognostic threshold for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The presence of ≥6 CTCs was significantly associated with worse PFS and OS (both P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that the CTC number (≥6 CTCs) was the strongest predictor of OS (hazard ratio [HR], 15.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3-57.9; P < 0.001). The number of CTCs decreased after one cycle of chemotherapy; univariate analyses demonstrated that the CTC count after the first chemotherapy cycle was a strong predictor of OS (HR, 36.1; 95% CI, 4.8-271.5; P < 0.001). CTCs are a promising prognostic factor for GC. The absolute CTC count after one cycle of chemotherapy in the context of this disease is a strong predictor of chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Hou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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15
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Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease or neoplasia covers a spectrum of benign and malignant conditions arising from pregnancies with highly abnormal development of trophoblastic tissue. In this brief review, we discuss the different features of these different conditions and their origins and risk factors and introduce some of the more novel and controversial treatment options currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ning
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houmei Hou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abraham N. Morse
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gendie E. Lash
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang B, Cheng G, Zheng M, Han J, Wang B, Li M, Chen J, Xiao T, Zhang J, Cai L, Li S, Fan X. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin by CSA-binding nanoparticles for choriocarcinoma treatment. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:461-471. [PMID: 29426237 PMCID: PMC6058719 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1435750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) can result from the over-proliferation of trophoblasts. Treatment of choriocarcinoma, the most aggressive GTN, currently requires high doses of systemic chemotherapeutic agents, which result in indiscriminate drug distribution and severe toxicity. To overcome these disadvantages and enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy, chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)-binding nanoparticles were developed for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to choriocarcinoma cells using a synthetic CSA-binding peptide (CSA-BP), derived from malarial protein, which specifically binds to the CSA exclusively expressed in the placental trophoblast. CSA-BP-conjugated nanoparticles rapidly bonded to choriocarcinoma (JEG3) cells and were efficiently internalized into the lysosomes. Moreover, CSA-BP modification significantly increased the anti-cancer activity of the DOX-loaded nanoparticles in vitro. Intravenous injections of CSA-BP-conjugated nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green (CSA-INPs) were rapidly localized to the tumor. The CSA-targeted nanoparticles loaded with DOX (CSA-DNPs) strongly inhibited primary tumor growth and, more importantly, significantly suppressed metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our results highlight the potential of the CSA-BP-decorated nanoparticles as an alternative targeted delivery system of chemotherapeutic agents for treating choriocarcinoma and for developing new GTN therapies based on drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Zhang
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Guogang Cheng
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jinyu Han
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Baobei Wang
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Mengxia Li
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jie Chen
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Lintao Cai
- b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
| | - Shoujun Li
- c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases , Guangzhou , China.,d College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- a Laboratory for Reproductive Health , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , China
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