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Qavi AJ, Jiang Q, Aman MJ, Vu H, Zetlin L, Dye JM, Froude JW, Leung DW, Holtsberg F, Crick SL, Amarasinghe GK. A Flexible, Quantitative Plasmonic-Fluor Lateral Flow Assay for the Rapid Detection of Orthoebolavirus zairense and Orthoebolavirus sudanense. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:57-63. [PMID: 38048277 PMCID: PMC10788868 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Filoviruses comprise a family of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses with a significant impact on human health. Given the risk for disease outbreaks, as highlighted by the recent outbreaks across Africa, there is an unmet need for flexible diagnostic technologies that can be deployed in resource-limited settings. Herein, we highlight the use of plasmonic-fluor lateral flow assays (PF-LFA) for the rapid, quantitative detection of an Ebolavirus-secreted glycoprotein, a marker for infection. Plasmonic fluors are a class of ultrabright reporter molecules that combine engineered nanorods with conventional fluorophores, resulting in improved analytical sensitivity. We have developed a PF-LFA for Orthoebolavirus zairense (EBOV) and Orthoebolavirus sudanense (SUDV) that provides estimated limits of detection as low as 0.446 and 0.641 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, our assay highlights a high degree of specificity between the two viral species while also maintaining a turnaround time as short as 30 min. To highlight the utility of our PF-LFA, we demonstrate the detection of EBOV infection in non-human primates. Our PF-LFA represents an enormous step forward in the development of a robust, field-deployable assay for filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Qavi
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Auragent
Bioscience, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated
Biotherapeutics, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated
Biotherapeutics, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Larry Zetlin
- Mapp
Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M. Dye
- United
States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Froude
- United
States
Army Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060, United States
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University School
of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | - Scott L. Crick
- Auragent
Bioscience, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department
of Pathology & Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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2
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Loyez M, Adolphson M, Liao J, Yang L. From Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators to Biochemical Sensors. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37390481 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors are frontrunners for the rapid and real-time detection of analytes, particularly for low concentrations. Among them, whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have recently attracted a growing focus due to their robust optomechanical features and high sensitivity, measuring down to single binding events in small volumes. In this review, we provide a broad overview of WGM sensors along with critical advice and additional "tips and tricks" to make them more accessible to both biochemical and optical communities. Their structures, fabrication methods, materials, and surface functionalization chemistries are discussed. We propose this reflection under a pedagogical approach to describe and explain these biochemical sensors with a particular focus on the most recent achievements in the field. In addition to highlighting the advantages of WGM sensors, we also discuss and suggest strategies to overcome their current limitations, leaving room for further development as practical tools in various applications. We aim to provide new insights and combine different knowledge and perspectives to advance the development of the next generation of WGM biosensors. With their unique advantages and compatibility with different sensing modalities, these biosensors have the potential to become major game changers for biomedical and environmental monitoring, among many other relevant target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Maxwell Adolphson
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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3
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Ning S, Chang HC, Fan KC, Hsiao PY, Feng C, Shoemaker D, Chen RT. A point-of-care biosensor for rapid detection and differentiation of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:021410. [PMID: 37265478 PMCID: PMC10228026 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of continued spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new variants, the demand for rapid, accurate, and frequent detection is increasing. Moreover, the new predominant strain, Omicron variant, manifests more similar clinical features to those of other common respiratory infections. The concurrent detection of multiple potential pathogens helps distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection from other diseases with overlapping symptoms, which is significant for providing tailored treatment to patients and containing the outbreak. Here, we report a lab-on-a-chip biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on the subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The sensing surface is functionalized by specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which could produce redshifts of resonant peaks by antigen-antibody combination, thus achieving quantitative detection. Additionally, the sensor chip is integrated with a microfluidic chip featuring an anti-backflow Y-shaped structure that enables the concurrent detection of two analytes. In this study, we realized the detection and differentiation of COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1. Experimental results indicate that the limit of detection of our device reaches 100 fg/ml (1.31 fM) within 15 min detecting time, and cross-reactivity tests manifest the specificity of the optical diagnostic assay. Furthermore, the integrated packaging and streamlined workflow facilitate its use for clinical applications. Thus, the biosensing platform presents a promising approach for attaining highly sensitive, selective, multiplexed, and quantitative point-of-care diagnosis and distinction between COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Ning
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Hao-Chen Chang
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Kang-Chieh Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Po-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chenghao Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Devan Shoemaker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Seymour E, Ekiz Kanik F, Diken Gür S, Bakhshpour-Yucel M, Araz A, Lortlar Ünlü N, Ünlü MS. Solid-Phase Optical Sensing Techniques for Sensitive Virus Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115018. [PMID: 37299745 DOI: 10.3390/s23115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections can pose a major threat to public health by causing serious illness, leading to pandemics, and burdening healthcare systems. The global spread of such infections causes disruptions to every aspect of life including business, education, and social life. Fast and accurate diagnosis of viral infections has significant implications for saving lives, preventing the spread of the diseases, and minimizing social and economic damages. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques are commonly used to detect viruses in the clinic. However, PCR has several drawbacks, as highlighted during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, such as long processing times and the requirement for sophisticated laboratory instruments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for fast and accurate techniques for virus detection. For this purpose, a variety of biosensor systems are being developed to provide rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput viral diagnostic platforms, enabling quick diagnosis and efficient control of the virus's spread. Optical devices, in particular, are of great interest due to their advantages such as high sensitivity and direct readout. The current review discusses solid-phase optical sensing techniques for virus detection, including fluorescence-based sensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical resonators, and interferometry-based platforms. Then, we focus on an interferometric biosensor developed by our group, the single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS), which has the capability to visualize single nanoparticles, to demonstrate its application for digital virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M4P 1R2, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fulya Ekiz Kanik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sinem Diken Gür
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Monireh Bakhshpour-Yucel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
| | - Ali Araz
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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5
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Eksin E, Erdem A. Recent Progress on Optical Biosensors Developed for Nucleic Acid Detection Related to Infectious Viral Diseases. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020295. [PMID: 36837995 PMCID: PMC9966969 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors have many advantages over traditional analytical methods. They enable the identification of several biological and chemical compounds directly, instantly, and without the need of labels. Their benefits include excellent specificity, sensitivity, compact size, and low cost. In this review, the main focus is placed on the nucleic acid-based optical biosensor technologies, including colorimetric, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Evanescent-Wave Optical, Fiber optic and bioluminescent optical fibre. The fundamentals of each type of biosensor are briefly explained, and particular emphasis has been placed on the achievements which have been gained in the last decade on the field of diagnosis of infectious viral diseases. Concluding remarks concerning the perspectives of further developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Eksin
- Biomedical Device Technology Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, 35290 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzum Erdem
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Puumala LS, Grist SM, Morales JM, Bickford JR, Chrostowski L, Shekhar S, Cheung KC. Biofunctionalization of Multiplexed Silicon Photonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010053. [PMID: 36671887 PMCID: PMC9855810 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonic (SiP) sensors offer a promising platform for robust and low-cost decentralized diagnostics due to their high scalability, low limit of detection, and ability to integrate multiple sensors for multiplexed analyte detection. Their CMOS-compatible fabrication enables chip-scale miniaturization, high scalability, and low-cost mass production. Sensitive, specific detection with silicon photonic sensors is afforded through biofunctionalization of the sensor surface; consequently, this functionalization chemistry is inextricably linked to sensor performance. In this review, we first highlight the biofunctionalization needs for SiP biosensors, including sensitivity, specificity, cost, shelf-stability, and replicability and establish a set of performance criteria. We then benchmark biofunctionalization strategies for SiP biosensors against these criteria, organizing the review around three key aspects: bioreceptor selection, immobilization strategies, and patterning techniques. First, we evaluate bioreceptors, including antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acid probes, molecularly imprinted polymers, peptides, glycans, and lectins. We then compare adsorption, bioaffinity, and covalent chemistries for immobilizing bioreceptors on SiP surfaces. Finally, we compare biopatterning techniques for spatially controlling and multiplexing the biofunctionalization of SiP sensors, including microcontact printing, pin- and pipette-based spotting, microfluidic patterning in channels, inkjet printing, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Puumala
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samantha M. Grist
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Morales
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Justin R. Bickford
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sudip Shekhar
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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7
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Meserve K, Qavi AJ, Aman MJ, Vu H, Zeitlin L, Dye JM, Froude JW, Leung DW, Yang L, Holtsberg FW, Amarasinghe GK, Bailey RC. Detection of biomarkers for filoviral infection with a silicon photonic resonator platform. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101719. [PMID: 36153732 PMCID: PMC9515683 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the use of silicon photonic microring resonator sensors for detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) soluble glycoprotein (sGP). This protocol encompasses biosensor functionalization of silicon microring resonator chips, detection of protein biomarkers in sera, preparing calibration standards for analytical validation, and quantification of the results from these experiments. This protocol is readily adaptable toward other analytes, including cytokines, chemokines, nucleic acids, and viruses. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Qavi et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Meserve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abraham J Qavi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Froude
- United States Army Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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