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Sendid B, Cornu M, Cordier C, Bouckaert J, Colombel JF, Poulain D. From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103486. [PMID: 38040100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human antibodies that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with the aim of differentiating the serological response in two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The test, which is based on the detection of anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide and there have been hundreds of publications on ASCA. The earlier studies concerned the initial diagnostic indications of ASCA and investigations then extended to many human diseases, generally in association with studies on intestinal microorganisms and the interaction of the micro-mycobiome with the immune system. The more information accumulates, the more the mystery of the meaning of ASCA deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These questions concern the heterogeneity of ASCA, the mechanisms of their generation and persistence, the existence of self-antigens, and the relationship between ASCA and inflammation and autoimmunity. This review aims to discuss the gray areas concerning the origin of ASCA from an analysis of the literature. Structured around glycobiology and the mannosylated antigens of S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review will address these questions and will try to clarify some lines of thought. The importance of the questions relating to the pathophysiological significance of ASCA goes far beyond IBD, even though these diseases remain the preferred models for their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- CNRS UMR 8576, Computational Molecular Systems Biology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Coufal S, Kverka M, Kreisinger J, Thon T, Rob F, Kolar M, Reiss Z, Schierova D, Kostovcikova K, Roubalova R, Bajer L, Jackova Z, Mihula M, Drastich P, Tresnak Hercogova J, Novakova M, Vasatko M, Lukas M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z. Serum TGF- β1 and CD14 Predicts Response to Anti-TNF- α Therapy in IBD. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:1535484. [PMID: 37383609 PMCID: PMC10299888 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1535484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agonists revolutionized therapeutic algorithms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, approximately every third IBD patient does not respond to this therapy in the long term, which delays efficient control of the intestinal inflammation. Methods We analyzed the power of serum biomarkers to predict the failure of anti-TNF-α. We collected serum of 38 IBD patients at therapy prescription and 38 weeks later and analyzed them with relation to therapy response (no-, partial-, and full response). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 16 biomarkers related to gut barrier (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, liver fatty acid-binding protein, trefoil factor 3, and interleukin (IL)-33), microbial translocation, immune system regulation (TNF-α, CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannan-binding lectin, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor), and matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1). Results We found that future full-responders have different biomarker profiles than non-responders, while partial-responders cannot be distinguished from either group. When future non-responders were compared to responders, their baseline contained significantly more TGF-β1, less CD14, and increased level of MMP-9, and concentration of these factors could predict non-responders with high accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Interestingly, during the 38 weeks, levels of MMP-9 decreased in all patients, irrespective of the outcome, while OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were higher in non-responders compared to full-responders both at the beginning and the end of the treatment. Conclusions The TGF-β1 and CD14 can distinguish non-responders from responders. The changes in biomarker dynamics during the therapy suggest that growth factors (such as OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β) are not markedly influenced by the treatment and that anti-TNF-α therapy decreases MMP-9 without influencing the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Coufal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Laboratory of Animal Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Thon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Rob
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kolar
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Reiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihula
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Tresnak Hercogova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dermatology Prof. Hercogova, Center for Biological Therapy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Novakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vasatko
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lukas
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yoon T, Ahn SS, Yoo J, Yoo BW, Kwon HC, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels Are Correlated with the Disease Activity of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:117-123. [PMID: 32581191 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble pattern-recognition molecule, which plays a crucial role in the innate immune system and the activation of lectin complement pathway. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease affecting the small vasculatures and is characterized by the alteration of innate and adaptive immunity and complement activation. In this study, we investigated whether serum MBL is associated with disease activity of AAV, which was measured by ELISA. Associations between serum MBL and AAV-specific indices, as well as clinical and laboratory data were assessed using Kendall's tau. Among the 80 patients, 42 (52.5%), 21 (26.3), and 17 (21.3%) patients were classified as microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), respectively. The median values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and serum MBL were 36.5 (normal range < 20) mm/h, 2.4 (normal range < 8) mg/dL, and 8.6 ng/mL, respectively. The median serum levels of MBL in MPA, GPA, and EGPA patients were 8.4, 9.3, and 8.2 ng/mL. Correlation analysis showed that serum MBL was associated with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) (R = 0.169, p = 0.027), but not with other AAV-specific indices and clinical and laboratory data. In addition, serum MBL was significantly associated with the pulmonary manifestation score based on BVAS (R = 0.247, p = 0.001). In summary, among the AAV-specific indices and clinical and laboratory variables analyzed, serum MBL is correlated with BVAS and pulmonary manifestation score based on the BVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Juyoung Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Byung-Woo Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyeok Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Świerzko AS, Sokołowska A, Durko Ł, Mierzwa G, Szala-Poździej A, Małecka-Panas E, Cedzyński M. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151859. [PMID: 31703823 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to disorders associated with progressive inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal system. IBD consists of two major forms, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD became a global disease in the 21st century. Its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognising molecule, involved in anti-microbial and anti-cancer immunity. It is able to opsonize microorganisms and abnormal host cells, and to initiate complement activation. The aim of this study was to investigate possible involvement of MBL in inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Forty persons diagnosed with CD and 28 with ulcerative colitis were recruited. The control group consisted of 136 healthy persons. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene (localised to both promoter and exon 1) were determined as were serum MBL concentrations. The exon 1 variant alleles and MBL deficiency-associated genotypes were more frequent among patients compared with controls, although this difference was not statistically significant. No differences of MBL levels were found between the major groups. However in MBL2 A/A homozygous IBD patients, the median was significantly higher than in corresponding healthy subjects. That was particularly evident in the case of active Crohn's disease (1493 ng/ml vs. 800 ng/ml, p = 0.021). It may suggest that MBL and MBL-dependent complement activation contributes to excessive inflammation and its adverse effects in the course of CD. It cannot also be excluded that high MBL activity constitutes in some cases part of a multifactorial network conducing to development of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leokadia Bąk-Romaniszyn
- Unit of Nutrition in Digestive Tract Disease, Medical University of Łódź, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Sokołowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Durko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcińskiego 22, 91-425 Łódź, Poland
| | - Grażyna Mierzwa
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Unit of Gastroenterological Nursing, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska 13/15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szala-Poździej
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcińskiego 22, 91-425 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland.
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Abstract
An underlying genetic predisposition to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is increasingly being recognized. Candidate gene or pathway approaches as well as genome-wide approaches are beginning to identify potential pathogenic variants for NEC in premature infants. However, a majority of these studies have not yielded definitive results because of limited sample size and lack of validation. Despite these challenges, understanding the contribution of genetic variation to NEC is important for providing new insights into the pathogenesis of NEC as well as allowing for targeted care of infants with inherent susceptibility. In this review we provide a summary of published genetic association studies in NEC along with defining the challenges and possible future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cuna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108.
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Skare TL, Nisihara R, Cieslinski JZ, Zeni JO, Rasera HN, Messias-Reason I, Utiyama SRR. Mannose-Binding Lectin Deficiency in Brazilian Patients with Spondyloarthritis. Immunol Invest 2016; 46:183-189. [PMID: 27911110 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1237525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are usually involved in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune system with an important role in microbial defense. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of MBL deficiency in SpA patients as well as its influence in the clinical profile of these diseases. METHODS We studied 89 SpA patients and 89 healthy individuals, paired for age and gender. MBL serum levels were measured by ELISA test. Individuals with levels ≤100 ng/mL were considered deficient. SpA patients had determination of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-CRP, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and review of their clinical profile. RESULTS SpA patients had MBL levels ranging from 100 to 4100 ng/mL (median = 375 ng/mL); controls levels ranged from 100 to 4703 ng/mL (median = 1204 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). The prevalence of MBL deficiency was 27/89 (30.3%) in SpA patients and 12/89 (13.5%) in controls, with p = 0.01; OR = 2.5 (95% IC = 1.2-5.3). No association/correlation was found between MBL levels with BASDAI, BASFI, age at disease onset, ASDAS-CRP, ESR, CRP, presence of uveitis, HLAB27, peripheral arthritis, or SpA subtype (all p = NS). CONCLUSION MBL levels may be linked with the occurrence of SpA but do not influence its phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma L Skare
- a Rheumatology Unit , Evangelical Hospital , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- a Rheumatology Unit , Evangelical Hospital , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.,b Department of Medicine , Positivo University , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Juliana Z Cieslinski
- c Department of Clinical Analysis , Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - João O Zeni
- a Rheumatology Unit , Evangelical Hospital , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Henrique N Rasera
- a Rheumatology Unit , Evangelical Hospital , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- c Department of Clinical Analysis , Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Shirley R R Utiyama
- c Department of Clinical Analysis , Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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Yuan B, Zhou S, Lu Y, Liu J, Jin X, Wan H, Wang F. Changes in the Expression and Distribution of Claudins, Increased Epithelial Apoptosis, and a Mannan-Binding Lectin-Associated Immune Response Lead to Barrier Dysfunction in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Rat Colitis. Gut Liver 2016; 9:734-40. [PMID: 25717051 PMCID: PMC4625702 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This animal study aimed to define the underlying cellular mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction. Methods Rats were fed 4% with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce experimental colitis. We analyzed the sugars in 24-hour urine output by high pressure liquid chromatography. The expression of claudins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) were detected in the colonic mucosa by immunohistochemistry; and apoptotic cells in the colonic epithelium were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method assay. Results The lactulose and sucralose excretion levels in the urine of rats with DSS-induced colitis were significantly higher than those in the control rats. Mannitol excretion was lower and lactulose/mannitol ratios and sucralose/mannitol ratios were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p<0.05). Compared with the controls, the expression of sealing claudins (claudin 3, claudin 5, and claudin 8) was significantly decreased, but that of claudin 1 was increased. The expression of pore-forming claudin 2 was upregulated and claudin 7 was downregulated in DSS-induced colitis. The epithelial apoptotic ratio was 2.8%±1.2% in controls and was significantly increased to 7.2%±1.2% in DSS-induced colitis. The expression of MBL and MASP-2 in the intestinal mucosa showed intense staining in controls, whereas there was weak staining in the rats with colitis. Conclusions There was increased intestinal permeability in DSS-induced colitis. Changes in the expression and distribution of claudins, increased epithelial apoptosis, and the MASP-2-induced immune response impaired the intestinal epithelium and contributed to high intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, China
| | - Youke Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li E, Tako EA, Singer SM. Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1092-1099. [PMID: 26831470 PMCID: PMC4807472 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00074-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. While numerous studies have identified important contributions of adaptive immune responses to parasite control, much less work has examined innate immunity and its connections to the adaptive response during this infection. We explored the role of complement in immunity to Giardia using mice deficient in mannose-binding lectin (Mbl2) or complement factor 3a receptor (C3aR). Both strains exhibited delayed clearance of parasites and a reduced ability to recruit mast cells in the intestinal submucosa. C3aR-deficient mice had normal production of antiparasite IgA, butex vivo T cell recall responses were impaired. These data suggest that complement is a key factor in the innate recognition of Giardia and that recruitment of mast cells and activation of T cell immunity through C3a are important for parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqiu Li
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ernest A Tako
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven M Singer
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Complement is well appreciated to be a potent innate immune defense against microbes and is important in the housekeeping act of removal of apoptotic and effete cells. It is also understood that hyperactivation of complement, or the lack of regulators, may underlie chronic inflammatory diseases. A pipeline of products to intervene in complement activation, some already in clinical use, is being studied in various chronic inflammatory diseases. To date, the role of complement in inflammatory bowel disease has not received a lot of research interest. Novel genetically modified laboratory animals and experiments using antagonists to complement effector molecules have kindled important research observations implicating the complement system in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. We review the evidence base for the role and potential therapeutic manipulation of the complement cascade in inflammatory bowel disease.
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