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de Castro SC, Barbosa JCJ, Teixeira BS, Fill TP, Tasic L. Investigation of pectin deficiency in modulating the bioflavonoid profile of orange processing waste: A sustainable valorization of industrial waste. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101326. [PMID: 38576777 PMCID: PMC10992698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Orange processing waste (OPW) generated by the processing of oranges, as well as other citrus fruits, is a major source of pectin in the market nowadays. The residues generated during the pectin extraction process may contain many phytochemicals, including flavonoids. We use state-of-the-art techniques such as liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and feature-based molecular network (FBMN) to annotate the flavonoids in OPWs. In particular, four flavonoids, hesperidin, naringin, diosmin, and hesperetin were quantified in the samples by LC-TDQ-MS. In total, 32 flavonoids from different classes were annotated, of which 16 were polymethoxylated flavonoids, 13 were flavonoid glycosides and 3 were flavanone aglycones. The results showed that flavonoid glycosides remain in high concentrations in OPWs from pectin factories even after pectin extraction by harsh conditions. The results show an exciting opportunity to harness the untapped potential of pectin factory waste as a renewable source for the extraction of glycoside flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symone Costa de Castro
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry (LQB), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Jeronimo Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biology Chemical Microbial (LaBioQuiMi), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sozza Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry (LQB), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Laboratory of Biology Chemical Microbial (LaBioQuiMi), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry (LQB), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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2
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Sharma V, Sharma A, Wadje BN, Bharate SB. Benzopyrone, a privileged scaffold in drug discovery: An overview of FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38532246 DOI: 10.1002/med.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have always served as an important source of drugs for treating various diseases. Among various privileged natural product scaffolds, the benzopyrone class of compounds has a substantial presence among biologically active compounds. One of the pioneering anticoagulant drugs, warfarin approved in 1954 bears a benzo-α-pyrone (coumarin) nucleus. The widely investigated psoriasis drugs, methoxsalen, and trioxsalen, also contain a benzo-α-pyrone nucleus. Benzo-γ-pyrone (chromone) containing drugs, cromoglic acid, and pranlukast were approved as treatments for asthma in 1982 and 2007, respectively. Numerous other small molecules with a benzopyrone core are under clinical investigation. The present review discusses the discovery, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion properties, and synthetic approaches for the Food and Drug Administration-approved and clinical-stage benzopyrone class of compounds. The role of the pyrone core in biological activity has also been discussed. The present review unravels the potential of benzopyrone core in medicinal chemistry and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashri N Wadje
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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3
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Villa-Ruano N, Evangelista-Castro JD, Coyotl-Pérez WA, Pacheco-Hernández Y, Lozoya-Gloria E, Varela-Caselis JL, Mosso-González C, Ramírez-García SA. "Delaying Rot Emergence in Persian Lime (Citrus×latifolia) Through Antifungal Hybrid Films Containing Litsea glaucescens Essential Oil". Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301689. [PMID: 38224527 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein we describe the in situ inhibitory activity of three hybrid films (FL1, FL2, and FL3) against two wild strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium digitatum as causal agents of rot in Persian limes. The films FL2 and FL3 contained 1.0 and 1.3 % weight/volume Litsea glaucescens essential oil (LgEO) and significantly (p<0.05) delayed rot emergence in Persian limes caused by both pathogens up to 10 days. The physicochemical properties of LgEO and hybrid films were obtained, whereas detailed HPLC profiling revealed that fruit covered with these films significantly (p<0.01) preserved reducing sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), organic acids (citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid), and flavonoids with nutraceutical activity (hesperidin, eriocitrin, naruritin, neohesperidin, diosmin, vitexin, rutin, and quercetin). This evidence sustains that the composites generated in this investigation improve the shelf life of Persian limes and conserve their nutraceutical content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONAHCyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, CP 72000, Puebla, México
| | - Juan Daniel Evangelista-Castro
- Facultad de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, CP 72000, Puebla, México
| | - Wendy Abril Coyotl-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada-IPN, Ex-Hacienda, San Juan Molino, Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, CP 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapua-to-León, Guanajuato, 36824, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapua-to-León, Guanajuato, 36824, Mexico
| | - Jenaro Leocadio Varela-Caselis
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, CP 72000, Puebla, México
| | - Clemente Mosso-González
- CONAHCyT-Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), 4a. Av. Nte. esquina 19, Norte, Centro, CP, 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Sergio A Ramírez-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S/N Col ex-hacienda 5 señores, CP 68120, Oaxaca, México
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Marchese E, Gallo Cantafio ME, Ambrosio FA, Torcasio R, Valentino I, Trapasso F, Viglietto G, Alcaro S, Costa G, Amodio N. New Insights for Polyphenolic Compounds as Naturally Inspired Proteasome Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1712. [PMID: 38139838 PMCID: PMC10747119 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, an important class of natural products, are widely distributed in plant-based foods. These compounds are endowed with several biological activities and exert protective effects in various physiopathological contexts, including cancer. We herein investigated novel potential mechanisms of action of polyphenols, focusing on the proteasome, which has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in cancers such as multiple myeloma. We carried out a structure-based virtual screening study using the DrugBank database as a repository of FDA-approved polyphenolic molecules. Starting from 86 polyphenolic compounds, based on the theoretical binding affinity and the interactions established with key residues of the chymotrypsin binding site, we selected 2 promising candidates, namely Hesperidin and Diosmin. The further assessment of the biologic activity highlighted, for the first time, the capability of these two molecules to inhibit the β5-proteasome activity and to exert anti-tumor activity against proteasome inhibitor-sensitive or resistant multiple myeloma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Marchese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.); (S.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Roberta Torcasio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Ilenia Valentino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.); (S.A.); (G.C.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione CRISEA—Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l’Innovazione Rurale, Loc. Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.); (S.A.); (G.C.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (R.T.); (I.V.); (F.T.); (G.V.)
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Chaiyarit S, Phuangkham S, Thongboonkerd V. Quercetin inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization and growth but promotes crystal aggregation and invasion. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100650. [PMID: 38145155 PMCID: PMC10733680 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown an association between kidney stone pathogenesis and oxidative stress. Many anti-oxidants have been studied with an aim for stone prevention. Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is one among those eminent anti-oxidants with satisfactory anti-inflammatory property to cope with renal tissue injury in kidney stone disease. Nevertheless, its direct effect (if any) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and the stone formation mechanism had not been previously explored. This study has addressed the ability of quercetin at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μM) to directly modulate CaOx crystallization, growth, aggregation, adhesion on kidney cells, and invasion through the matrix. The data have shown that quercetin significantly inhibits CaOx crystallization and crystal growth but promotes crystal aggregation in concentration-dependent manner. However, quercetin at all these concentrations do not affect CaOx adhesion on kidney cells. For the invasion, quercetin at all concentrations constantly promotes CaOx invasion through the matrix without concentration-dependent pattern. These discoveries have demonstrated for the first time that quercetin has direct but dual modulatory effects on CaOx crystals. While quercetin inhibits CaOx crystallization and growth, on the other hand, it promotes CaOx crystal aggregation and invasion through the matrix. These data highlight the role for quercetin in direct modulation of the CaOx crystals that may intervene the stone pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsakul Phuangkham
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tanaka T, Aoki R, Terasaki M. Potential Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Combination of Phytochemicals against Cancer Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1591. [PMID: 38004456 PMCID: PMC10674766 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of epithelial malignancies are sporadic and are related to lifestyle. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between cancer incidence and fruit and vegetable intake. Numerous preclinical studies using in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo animal models of oncogenesis have reported the chemopreventive effects of dietary phytochemical agents through alterations in different biomarkers and signaling pathways. However, there is contrasting evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials. To date, the most studied compounds include curcumin, resveratrol, isoflavones, green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate), black raspberry powder (anthocyanins and ellagitannins), bilberry extract (anthocyanins), ginger extract (gingerol derivatives), and pomegranate extract (ellagitannins and ellagic acid). Overall, the clinical evidence of the preventive effects of dietary phytochemicals against cancer development is still weak, and the amount of these phytochemicals needed to exert chemopreventive effects largely exceeds the common dietary doses. Therefore, we propose a combination treatment of natural compounds that are used clinically for another purpose in order to obtain excess inhibitory efficacy via low-dose administration and discuss the possible reasons behind the gap between preclinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Ryogo Aoki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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Abbas Z, Mustafa S, Khan MF, Khan MA, Massey S, Dev K, Khan A, Parveen S, Husain SA. Therapeutic importance of Kigelia africana subsp. africana: an alternative medicine. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37921076 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2273914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To summarise a detailed up-to-date review of the traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities of various parts of Kigelia africana. MATERIALS AND METHODS Google Scholar, PubMed, PubChem, Elsevier, King Draw, indianbiodiversity.org. RESULT The phytochemical analysis of Kigelia africana subsp. africana has revealed the presence of approximately 145 compounds extracted from different parts of the plant. These bioactive extracts of the plant possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antineoplastic, and anti-urolithic activities. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-booster properties, Kigelia can prove to be an essential source of drugs for treating various disorders. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the phytoconstituents, non-medicinal and medicinal traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and products obtained from Kigelia is described in this review with the hope that the updated findings will promote research on its biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbas
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saad Mustafa
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Deen Dayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Faisal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabana Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, Alqumber MAA. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1946. [PMID: 37444780 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human-human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Md Yusuf Al-Amin
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A A Alqumber
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
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Diosmin and Bromelain Stimulate Glutathione and Total Thiols Production in Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052291. [PMID: 36903535 PMCID: PMC10005239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin and bromelain are bioactive compounds of plant origin with proven beneficial effects on the human cardiovascular system. We found that diosmin and bromelain slightly reduced total carbonyls levels and had no effect on TBARS levels, as well as slightly increased the total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the RBCs at concentrations of 30 and 60 µg/mL. Diosmin and bromelain induced a significant increase in total thiols and glutathione in the RBCs. Examining the rheological properties of RBCs, we found that both compounds slightly reduce the internal viscosity of the RBCs. Using the MSL (maleimide spin label), we revealed that higher concentrations of bromelain led to a significant decrease in the mobility of this spin label attached to cytosolic thiols in the RBCs, as well as attached to hemoglobin at a higher concentration of diosmin, and for both concentrations of bromelain. Both compounds tended to decrease the cell membrane fluidity in the subsurface area, but not in the deeper regions. An increase in the glutathione concentration and the total level of thiol compounds promotes the protection of the RBCs against oxidative stress, suggesting that both compounds have a stabilizing effect on the cell membrane and improve the rheological properties of the RBCs.
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Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Lucy IB. Conventional methods and future trends in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103582. [PMID: 36852413 PMCID: PMC9958398 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an essential task for selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases. Constant evolution has been observed in methods used in the diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Disc diffusion or broth microdilution are classical and conventional phenotypic methods with long turnaround time and labour-intensive but still widely practiced as gold-standard. Scientists are striving to develop innovative, novel and faster methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be applicable for routine microbiological laboratory practice and research. To meet the requirements, there is an increasing trend towards automation, genotypic and micro/nano technology-based innovations. Automation in detection systems and integration of computers for online data analysis and data sharing are giant leaps towards versatile nature of automated methods currently in use. Genotypic methods detect a specific genetic marker associated with resistant phenotypes using molecular amplification techniques and genome sequencing. Microfluidics and microdroplets are recent addition in the continuous advancement of methods that show great promises with regards to safety and speed and have the prospect to identify and monitor resistance mechanisms. Although genotypic and microfluidics methods have many exciting features, however, their applications into routine clinical laboratory practice warrant extensive validation. The main impetus behind the evolution of methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to shorten the overall turnaround time in obtaining the results and to enhance the ease of sample processing. This comprehensive narrative review summarises major conventional phenotypic methods and automated systems currently in use, and highlights principles of some of the emerging genotypic and micro/nanotechnology-based methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Key Words
- ADR, Adverse drug reaction
- AMR, Antimicrobial resistance
- AST, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- Automations
- CFU, Colony forming units
- CLSI, Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute
- Conventional methods
- DOT-MGA, Direct-On-Target Microdroplet Growth Assay
- EUCAST, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
- Etest, Epsilometer testing
- Genotypic methods
- ID, Identification
- MALDI-TOF MS, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
- MBC, Minimum bactericidal concentration
- MDR, Multi drug resistant
- MHA, Muller Hinton Agar
- MIC, Minimum inhibitory concentration
- Micro/nanotechnology-based techniques
- NAAT, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PMF, Peptide mass fingerprint
- POC, Point of care
- WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing
- ZOI, Zone of inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdus Salam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Malaysia
| | - Md. Yusuf Al-Amin
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Irine Banu Lucy
- Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh,Corresponding author at: Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
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Khan MA, Sadaf, Ahmad I, Aloliqi AA, Eisa AA, Najm MZ, Habib M, Mustafa S, Massey S, Malik Z, Sunita K, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Shukla NK, Deo S, Husain SA. FOXO3 gene hypermethylation and its marked downregulation in breast cancer cases: A study on female patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1078051. [PMID: 36727057 PMCID: PMC9885168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1078051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FOXO3, a member of the FOX transcription factor family, is frequently described as being deregulated in cancer. Additionally, notable role of FOXO3 can be easily recognized in the process of ageing and survival. Even though various studies have been done to acknowledge the tumour-suppressive or oncogenic role of FOXO3 in cancer, still there exist a lack of understanding in terms of cancer prognosis and treatment. Therefore, to provide better insight, our study aims to evaluate the role and function of FOXO3 in breast cancer in Indian female patients. We examined the FOXO3 expression levels in breast cancer samples by analyzing mRNA and protein expression along with its clinicopathological parameters. Results A total of 127 cases of breast cancer with equal normal cases (n=127) were assessed with methylation (MS-PCR), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA expression using Real-time PCR was analysed and 66.14% cases at mRNA level were found to be downregulated, while 81.10% of cases had little or very little protein expression. Our data state, the promoter hypermethylation of the FOXO3 gene and the downregulated protein expression are significantly correlated (p=0.0004). Additionally, we found a significant correlation between the level of FOXO3 mRNA with ER (p=0.04) and status of lymph node (p=0.01) along with this. Conclusion Data suggests the prognostic significance and the tumour-suppressive role of FOXO3 in breast cancer cases studied in India. However, there is a need for the extended research targeting FOXO3 to measure its clinical potential and develop well-defined therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India,Department of Surgical Oncology BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Canter, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Abdulaziz A. Aloliqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan Najm
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Habib
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saad Mustafa
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Malik
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - N. K. Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Henry ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - S.V.S. Deo
- Department of Neurology, Henry ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Syed Akhtar Husain, ;
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