Finet O, Yague-Sanz C, Marchand F, Hermand D. The Dihydrouridine landscape from tRNA to mRNA: a perspective on synthesis, structural impact and function.
RNA Biol 2022;
19:735-750. [PMID:
35638108 PMCID:
PMC9176250 DOI:
10.1080/15476286.2022.2078094]
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Abstract
The universal dihydrouridine (D) epitranscriptomic mark results from a reduction of uridine by the Dus family of NADPH-dependent reductases and is typically found within the eponym D-loop of tRNAs. Despite its apparent simplicity, D is structurally unique, with the potential to deeply affect the RNA backbone and many, if not all, RNA-connected processes. The first landscape of its occupancy within the tRNAome was reported 20 years ago. Its potential biological significance was highlighted by observations ranging from a strong bias in its ecological distribution to the predictive nature of Dus enzymes overexpression for worse cancer patient outcomes. The exquisite specificity of the Dus enzymes revealed by a structure-function analyses and accumulating clues that the D distribution may expand beyond tRNAs recently led to the development of new high-resolution mapping methods, including Rho-seq that established the presence of D within mRNAs and led to the demonstration of its critical physiological relevance.
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