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Shakoor N, Adeel M, Ahmad MA, Zain M, Waheed U, Javaid RA, Haider FU, Azeem I, Zhou P, Li Y, Jilani G, Xu M, Rinklebe J, Rui Y. Reimagining safe lithium applications in the living environment and its impacts on human, animal, and plant system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:100252. [PMID: 36891261 PMCID: PMC9988428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lithium's (Li) ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry. Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota. We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources, interplay with plants, and possible involvement with living organisms, especially humans and animals. Globally, Li concentration (<10-300 mg kg-1) is detected in agricultural soil, and their pollutant levels vary with space and time. High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants, but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown. Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health. For example, lower Li intake (<0.6 mM in serum) leads to mental disorders, while higher intake (>1.5 mM in serum) induces thyroid, stomach, kidney, and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals. However, there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments, and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed. Furthermore, aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals, plants, and humans. This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution. Additionally, we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective, safe, and acceptable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Department of Botany, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, 28420, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Jhang-campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Arsalan Javaid
- Crop Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Germany
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Jing H, Wang F, Gao XJ. Lithium intoxication induced pyroptosis via ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome regulatory networks in kidney of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:825-835. [PMID: 34984798 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals may be exposed to increasing contaminant lithium (Li) concentrations in the environment with the use and disposal of Li-containing products. Meanwhile, Li plays a key role in the treatment of human mental disorders, while the excessive accumulation of Li salts in the body can cause renal damage and nephrotic syndrome. In this study, the mechanism of renal inflammatory reaction induced by Li excessive intake was studied by establishing mice models in vitro and in vivo. The results of histopathology staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay showed that high Li condition (Lithium carbonate, 20 mg/kg/twice a day, i.e., for 30 consecutive days) caused inflammatory damage and apoptosis in kidney tissue cells. Western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemical analysis were used to further study. In the vivo experiments, we found that Li reduced antioxidant enzyme capacity (glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase) and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, excessive Li activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, resulting in activation of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β in the kidney of mice. In the vitro study, ROS as an upstream signal phosphorylated IκBα and NF-κB, up-regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased caspase3, 6, 7, and 9 to exaggerate inflammation response, finally inducing pyroptosis in renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuhan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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3
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Lithium and Erectile Dysfunction: An Overview. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010171. [PMID: 35011733 PMCID: PMC8750948 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been a mainstay of therapy for patients with bipolar disorders for several decades. However, it may exert a variety of adverse effects that can affect patients' compliance. Sexual and erectile dysfunction has been reported in several studies by patients who take lithium as monotherapy or combined with other psychotherapeutic agents. The exact mechanisms underlying such side effects of lithium are not completely understood. It seems that both central and peripheral mechanisms are involved in the lithium-related sexual dysfunction. Here, we had an overview of the epidemiology of lithium-related sexual and erectile dysfunction in previous clinical studies as well as possible pathologic pathways that could be involved in this adverse effect of lithium based on the previous preclinical studies. Understanding such mechanisms could potentially open a new avenue for therapies that can overcome lithium-related sexual dysfunction and improve patients' adherence to the medication intake.
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Van Deun K, Hatch H, Jacobi S, Köhl W. Lithium carbonate: Updated reproductive and developmental toxicity assessment using scientific literature and guideline compliant studies. Toxicology 2021; 461:152907. [PMID: 34454986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current publication describes most recent so far unpublished (key) guideline and GLP compliant reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of lithium carbonate in rats, including their interpretation and conclusions in terms of human hazard assessment when compared to existing literature. Particular attention was paid to the target organs and dose response of lithium ion related effects to differentiate between a primary (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic) action and secondary effects as a result of systemic and target organ toxicity. In the key two-generation reproduction toxicity (OECD TG 416) study in rats, doses of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg bw/d (0.95, 2.9 and 8.6 mg Li+/kg bw/d) were given by oral gavage, resulting in clear NOAELs of 15 mg/kg bw/d (2.9 mg Li+/kg bw/d) for systemic parental toxicity and 45 mg/kg bw/d (8.6 mg Li+/kg bw/d) for reproductive toxicity and fetal toxicity. Target organ changes were consistently observed in liver (cytoplasmic rarefaction) and kidney (dilated tubuli). In the key developmental toxicity (OECD TG 414) study in rats, doses given by oral gavage were 10, 30 and 90 mg/kg bw/d (1.9, 5.7 and 17.1 mg Li+/kg bw/d) was investigated resulting in NO(A)ELs of 30 mg/kg bw/d (5.7 mg Li+/kg bw/d) (maternal toxicity) and 90 mg/kg bw/d (17 mg Li+/kg bw/d) (fetal toxicity and teratogenicity). The highest dose of 90 mg/kg bw/day resulted in clear signs of toxicity and peak plasma concentrations at the toxic range (>1.0 mEq lithium/L). Toxic effects of lithium carbonate were not seen in the reproductive and developmental organs. No adverse effects on sperm (total motility, progressive motility and morphology of testicular and cauda epididymal sperm) were observed in the two-generation rat reproduction toxicity study. There was also no impact on fertility indices or on litter sizes in this study, nor were there any fetal effects in the two-generation reproduction toxicity and developmental toxicity study at doses causing already systemic toxicity in the dams. Secondary effects such as decreased weight (gain) and food consumption were reported in the developmental toxicity study. The absence of any reproductive/developmental findings at dose levels causing clear systemic toxicity in the test animals in these key mammalian studies, does not suggest an immediate concern for possible human reproductive or developmental toxicity effects from exposure to lithium during drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Van Deun
- Reflector Consulting BV, Gasthuisstraat 26, 2400, Mol, Belgium; GNS Consult AG, Konstanzerstrasse 19, 8274, Tägerwilen, Switzerland.
| | - H Hatch
- Livent Commercial Road, CH62 3NL, Bromborough, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - S Jacobi
- Albemarle Europe SRLRue du Bosquet 9, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - W Köhl
- KoehlConsult, Wassergasse 6, 67685, Erzenhausen, Germany
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Rijal S, Jang SH, Park SJ, Han SK. Lithium Enhances the GABAergic Synaptic Activities on the Hypothalamic Preoptic Area (hPOA) Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3908. [PMID: 33918982 PMCID: PMC8069239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li+) salt is widely used as a therapeutic agent for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its therapeutic effects on neurological and psychiatric disorders, it can also disturb the neuroendocrine axis in patients under lithium therapy. The hypothalamic area contains GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons and their receptors, which regulate various hypothalamic functions such as the release of neurohormones, control circadian activities. At the neuronal level, several neurotransmitter systems are modulated by lithium exposure. However, the effect of Li+ on hypothalamic neuron excitability and the precise action mechanism involved in such an effect have not been fully understood yet. Therefore, Li+ action on hypothalamic neurons was investigated using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In hypothalamic neurons, Li+ increased the GABAergic synaptic activities via action potential independent presynaptic mechanisms. Next, concentration-dependent replacement of Na+ by Li+ in artificial cerebrospinal fluid increased frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents without altering their amplitudes. Li+ perfusion induced inward currents in the majority of hypothalamic neurons independent of amino-acids receptor activation. These results suggests that Li+ treatment can directly affect the hypothalamic region of the brain and regulate the release of various neurohormones involved in synchronizing the neuroendocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.); (S.J.P.)
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Ommati MM, Arabnezhad MR, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Niknahad H, Retana-Marquez S, Jia Z, Nateghahmadi MH, Mousavi K, Arazi A, Azmoon MR, Azarpira N, Heidari R. The Role of Mitochondrial Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lithium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:603262. [PMID: 33842567 PMCID: PMC8025583 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.603262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li+) is prescribed against a wide range of neurological disorders. Besides its excellent therapeutic properties, there are several adverse effects associated with Li+. The impact of Li+ on renal function and diabetes insipidus is the most common adverse effect of this drug. On the other hand, infertility and decreased libido is another complication associated with Li+. It has been found that sperm indices of functionality, as well as libido, is significantly reduced in Li+-treated men. These adverse effects might lead to drug incompliance and the cessation of drug therapy. Hence, the main aims of the current study were to illustrate the mechanisms of adverse effects of Li+ on the testis tissue, spermatogenesis process, and hormonal changes in two experimental models. In the in vitro experiments, Leydig cells (LCs) were isolated from healthy mice, cultured, and exposed to increasing concentrations of Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm). In the in vivo section of the current study, mice were treated with Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm, in drinking water) for five consecutive weeks. Testis and sperm samples were collected and assessed. A significant sign of cytotoxicity (LDH release and MTT assay), along with disrupted testosterone biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial indices (ATP level and mitochondrial depolarization), and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress were detected in LCs exposed to Li+. On the other hand, a significant increase in serum and testis Li+ levels were detected in drug-treated mice. Moreover, ROS formation, LPO, protein carbonylation, and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected in both testis tissue and sperm specimens of Li+-treated mice. Several sperm anomalies were also detected in Li+-treated animals. On the other hand, sperm mitochondrial indices (mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity and ATP levels) were significantly decreased in drug-treated groups where mitochondrial depolarization was increased dose-dependently. Altogether, these data mention oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as pivotal mechanisms involved in Li+-induced reproductive toxicity. Therefore, based on our previous publications in this area, therapeutic options, including compounds with high antioxidant properties that target these points might find a clinical value in ameliorating Li+-induced adverse effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology and Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | | | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aysooda Arazi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Azmoon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ossani GP, Uceda AM, Lago NR, Martino DJ. Relationship between serum lithium concentration and kidney damage in a preclinical model. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:281-285. [PMID: 31628694 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess whether there is a relationship between serum lithium concentrations and the magnitude of kidney damage in a preclinical model. METHODS Thirty Wistar male rats were randomized into three groups: control group fed ad libitum powered standard diet for 3 months; and experimental groups fed ad libitum the same diet supplemented with 30 or 60 mmol/kg diet for 3 months (LowLi and HighLi groups respectively). Laboratory parameters were assessed at months 1 and 3 and histopathological changes were evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS Serum lithium levels in experimental rats were within therapeutic range used in humans throughout the entire experiment. After 3 months of treatment, lithium levels were statistically higher in HighLi group. Rats of the LowLi group showed dilation of cortical tubules although with similar clearance of creatinine. Rats from the HighLi group had greater histopathological damage in addition to lower creatinine clearance than the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that during long-term treatments, even with serum lithium levels within the therapeutic range used in humans, the risk of kidney damage could increase proportionally to the serum lithium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Ossani
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Uceda
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor R Lago
- Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Flores-Ramos M, Leff P, Fernández-Guasti A, Becerra Palars C. Is it important to consider the sex of the patient when using lithium or valproate to treat the bipolar disorder? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 152:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Saad AB, Rjeibi I, Alimi H, Ncib S, Smida A, Zouari N, Zourgui L. Lithium induced, oxidative stress and related damages in testes and heart in male rats: The protective effects of Malva sylvestris extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:127-135. [PMID: 27951419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva sylvestris is widely used in Mediterranean and European traditional medicine and ethnoveterinary for the treatment of various diseases. This study, carried out on male Wistar rats, evaluates the beneficial effects of Malva sylvestris extract upon lithium carbonate-induced damages in testes and heart. For this purpose, Malva sylvestris extract at a dose of 0.2g/kg was orally administrated, followed by 25mg/kg lithium carbonate (intraperitoneal injection, twice daily). Lithium carbonate treatment significantly (p<0.01) decreased the weight of testes, accessory sex organ and heart, sperm count and motility, and serum testosterone level. In addition, exposure to lithium carbonate significantly (p<0.01) increased lipid peroxidation level (LPO) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in testes and heart. Treatment with M. sylvestris extract affords substantial protection in testes and heart by altering all the parameters to near normal levels that were further confirmed by histological examination. The beneficial effect of M. Sylvestris extract in several organs could be attributed to the interaction of antioxidant components, such as complex polysaccharides, as confirmed by phytochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Ben Saad
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Laboratory of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisie.
| | - Ilhem Rjeibi
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Alimi
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Sana Ncib
- Unit of Common Services, Faculty of Sciences Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie
| | - Amani Smida
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Laboratory of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisie
| | - Nacim Zouari
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology ISBAM Medenine, 4119, University of Gabes, Tunisie
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisie; Higher Institute of Applied Biology ISBAM Medenine, 4119, University of Gabes, Tunisie
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Ben Saad A, Rjeibi I, Brahmi D, Smida A, Ncib S, Zouari N, Zourgui L. Malva sylvestris extract protects upon lithium carbonate-induced kidney damages in male rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1099-1107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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El-Sheikh AAK, Kamel MY. Ginsenoside-Rb1 ameliorates lithium-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity: Differential regulation of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1873-1884. [PMID: 27847198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside-Rb1 (GRb1) on lithium (Li+)-induced toxicity, GRb1 was given to rats orally (100mg/kg) for 14days. In independent groups, lithium chloride (4meq/kg/day i.p.) was administered at day 4 of the experiment for 10days, with or without GRb1. Li+ caused significant deterioration of behavioral responses including righting reflex, spontaneous motor activity and catalepsy. Li+ also caused distortion in normal renal, cerebral and cerebellum architecture and significantly worsened all kidney functional parameters tested compared to control. In addition, Li caused oxidative stress in both kidney and brain, evident by significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, with decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Administration of GRb1 prior to Li+ significantly improved behavioral responses, renal and brain histopathological picture, kidney function tests and oxidative stress markers compared to sole Li+-treated group. Concomitant administration of GRb1 decreased Li+ levels by about 50% in serum, urine and brain and by 35% in the kidney. Interestingly, Li+ had a differential effect on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, as it significantly increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 level in the kidney, while decreasing them in the brain compared to control. On the other hand, administering GRb1 with Li+ suppressed COX-2/PGE2 pathway in both kidney and brain compared to Li+ alone. In conclusion, GRb1 can alter Li+ pharmacokinetics resulting in extensively decreasing its serum and tissue concentrations. Furthermore, COX-2/PGE2 pathway has a mechanistic role in the nephro- and neuro-protective effects of GRb1 against Li+-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Y Kamel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
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12
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da Silva Kagy V, Trevisan Bittencourt Muniz L, Michels AC, Luiz ST, Reis Azevedo Alanis L, Brancher JA, Grégio AMT, Ignácio SA, Camargo ES, Machado MÂN, Johann ACBR. Effect of the Chronic Use of Lithium Carbonate on Induced Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160400. [PMID: 27487121 PMCID: PMC4972349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who seek dental treatment may have bipolar disorder, and lithium carbonate (LC) is the drug of choice used in the treatment of this disorder. Taking into consideration the controversial results found in the literature, and the possible influence of LC on induced tooth movement, the objective was to evaluate tooth movement induced in rats after administration of lithium carbonate. One hundred and ninety-two rats were divided into 3 groups. In the L group, the animals received daily 60mg/kg of LC, they were not subjected to orthodontic movement, and they were euthanized after 33, 37, 44 or 51 days. In the LM group, the LC was administered for 30 days and during the subsequent 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, corresponding to the period of induced tooth movement, and they received a spring that produced a 30cN force. In the SM group, saline solution was applied. Measurements were made of tooth displacement, the numbers of osteoclasts and serum lithium phosphate (PO4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels. The tooth displacement was lower in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. A tendency toward reduction in the number of osteoclasts was observed in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. The average lithium were higher in the L and LM groups compared to the SM group. The opposite was observed for the PO4 group. A higher value for the ALP was found in the L group. The average creatinine level was lower in the LM group. LC inhibited tooth movement for 14 days, possibly due to the reduction in the number of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane da Silva Kagy
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arieli Carini Michels
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Suelen Teixeira Luiz
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - João Armando Brancher
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Trindade Grégio
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elisa Souza Camargo
- Department of School of Health and Biosciences of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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Elnazer HY, Sampson A, Baldwin D. Lithium and sexual dysfunction: an under-researched area. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:66-9. [PMID: 25619161 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lithium treatment remains an important part of the management of many patients with bipolar disorder, but the incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction with lithium is uncertain, and little is known about how it might be managed. METHOD Systematic computerised literature search of preclinical and clinical studies. RESULTS Thirteen relevant papers were identified. Preclinical studies suggest lithium can reduce testosterone levels and impair nitric oxide mediated relaxation of cavernosal tissue. Clinical reports suggest lithium may reduce sexual thoughts and desire, worsen erectile function and reduce sexual satisfaction. Concomitant benzodiazepine prescription with lithium is associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction during lithium treatment appears significantly associated with a lower level of overall functioning and may reduce compliance. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review reveal the paucity of information about the incidence, associated factors and management of sexual dysfunction with lithium treatment and highlight the need for well-designed studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Y Elnazer
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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14
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Jakobsen NFB, Rolighed L, Moser E, Nissen PH, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L. Increased trabecular volumetric bone mass density in Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) type 1: a cross-sectional study. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:141-52. [PMID: 24894639 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia (FHH) Type 1 is caused by an inactivating mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene resulting in elevated plasma calcium levels. We investigated whether FHH is associated with change in bone density and structure. We compared 50 FHH patients with age- and gender-matched population-based controls (mean age 56 years, 69 % females). We assessed areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA-scans and total, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) as well as bone geometry by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and High-Resolution peripheral-QCT (HR-pQCT). Compared with controls, FHH females had a higher total and trabecular hip vBMD and a lower cortical vBMD and hip bone volume. Areal BMD and HRpQCT indices did not differ except an increased trabecular thickness and an increased vBMD at the transition zone between cancellous and cortical bone in of the tibia in FHH. Finite element analyses showed no differences in bone strength. Multiple regression analyses revealed correlations between vBMD and P-Ca(2+) levels but not with P-PTH. Overall, bone health does not seem to be impaired in patients with FHH. In FHH females, bone volume is decreased, with a lower trabecular volume but a higher vBMD, whereas cortical vBMD is decreased in the hip. This may be due to either an impaired endosteal resorption or corticalization of trabecular bone. The smaller total bone volume suggests an impaired periosteal accrual, but bone strength is not impaired. The findings of more pronounced changes in females may suggest an interaction between sex hormones and the activity of the CaSR on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Frederik Breum Jakobsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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15
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Saroukhani S, Emami-Parsa M, Modabbernia A, Ashrafi M, Farokhnia M, Hajiaghaee R, Akhondzadeh S. Aspirin for treatment of lithium-associated sexual dysfunction in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:650-6. [PMID: 23924261 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of aspirin on lithium-related sexual dysfunction in men with stable bipolar affective disorder (BAD). METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 32 men with stable BAD who had been on lithium maintenance therapy randomly received aspirin (240 mg/day) or placebo for six weeks. The International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to assess sexual symptoms at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6. Depressive and mania symptoms and plasma lithium concentrations were assessed at baseline and Week 6. Side effects were assessed using a checklist. RESULTS Thirty patients (15/group) completed the study. Baseline and endpoint lithium concentrations and mania and depressive symptoms did not differ significantly between the two groups. Significant effects of time × treatment interaction were observed for total score [Greenhouse-Geisser: F(1.410,39.466) = 6.084, p = 0.010] and erectile function [Greenhouse-Geisser: F(1.629,45.602) = 7.250, p = 0.003]. By Week 6, patients in the aspirin group showed significantly greater improvement in the total (63.9% improvement from the baseline) and erectile function domain (85.4% improvement from the baseline) scores than the placebo group (14.4% and 19.7% improvement from the baseline, p-values = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). By Week 6, 12 (80%) patients in the aspirin group and three (20%) patients in the placebo group met the criteria of minimal clinically important change [χ(2) (1) = 10.800, p = 0.001]. Other IIEF domains also showed significant improvement at the end of the trial. The frequency of side effects was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION Aspirin effectively improves lithium-related sexual dysfunction in men with stable BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saroukhani
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Toplan S, Dariyerli N, Ozdemir S, Ozcelik D, Zengin EU, Akyolcu MC. Lithium-induced hypothyroidism: oxidative stress and osmotic fragility status in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:373-8. [PMID: 23408263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the possible effects of different doses of lithium carbonate on thyroid functions, erythrocyte oxidant-antioxidant status, and osmotic fragility. Twenty-four Wistar-type male rats were equally divided into three groups: groups I and II received 0.1 and0.2 % lithium carbonate in their drinking water, respectively, for 30 days. The rats in group III served as controls, drinking tap water without added lithium. At the end of the experimental period, the erythrocyte osmotic fragility and the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were measured in blood samples. Compared to controls, there was a statistically significant increase of TSH but decreases of the T3 and T4 levels in group II. Both experimental groups showed a statistically significant increase of the maximum osmotic fragility limit. The minimum osmotic fragility values of the animals in group II were statistically higher than those of controls. The standard hemolytic increment curve of both experimental groups was shifted to the right when compared to the curve obtained from the controls. Also, relative to controls, the activities of MDA and SOD were significantly higher and the GSH level lower in group II, but not so in group I. The results of the present study show that treatment with lithium carbonate may result in thyroid function abnormalities, increased oxidative damage, and possible compromise of the erythrocyte membrane integrity resulting from increased osmotic fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmin Toplan
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for an adequate growth and development of the kidney. Conversely, the kidney is not only an organ for metabolism and elimination of TH, but also a target organ of some of the iodothyronines' actions. Thyroid dysfunction causes remarkable changes in glomerular and tubular functions and electrolyte and water homeostasis. Hypothyroidism is accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration, hyponatremia, and an alteration of the ability for water excretion. Excessive levels of TH generate an increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Renal disease, in turn, leads to significant changes in thyroid function. The association of different types of glomerulopathies with both hyper- and hypofunction of the thyroid has been reported. Less frequently, tubulointerstitial disease has been associated with functional thyroid disorders. Nephrotic syndrome is accompanied by changes in the concentrations of TH due primarily to loss of protein in the urine. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are accompanied by notable effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. The secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) is impaired in uremia. Contrary to other non-thyroidal chronic disease, in uraemic patients it is not unusual to observe the sick euthyroid syndrome with low serum triodothyronine (T(3)) without elevation of reverse T(3) (rT(3)). Some authors have reported associations between thyroid cancer and kidney tumors and each of these organs can develop metastases into the other. Finally, data from recent research suggest that TH, especially T(3), can be considered as a marker for survival in patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Iglesias
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Zamani A, Omrani GR, Nasab MM. Lithium's effect on bone mineral density. Bone 2009; 44:331-4. [PMID: 18992857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lithium salts are widely used in treating psychiatric patients. Lithium may be associated with hyperparathyroidism, a risk factor for osteoporosis. However, the data on the effect of lithium on bone mass are conflicting. We assessed bone mineral density with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the hip and lumbar spine in 75 lithium treated outpatients and 75 normal subjects matched for age, sex and body mass index. Serum total calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), estradiol, osteocalcin, total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-telopeptide (CTX) in addition to fasting urinary calcium excretion were also determined in both groups. The mean (+/-SD) bone density in lithium treated patients was 4.5% higher at the spine (P<0.05), 5.3% higher at the femoral neck (P<0.05) and 7.5% higher at the trochanter (P<0.05). In addition, lithium treated patients had lower serum total ALP (P<0.005), lower serum osteocalcin (P<0.005) and lower serum CTX (P<0.05) but the total calcium, PTH and urinary calcium excretion did not differ significantly between patients and controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that maintenance therapy with lithium carbonate may preserve or enhance bone mass. These data also suggest a lower bone turnover state in those receiving lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zamani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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[Effects of low doses of Li carbonate injected into mice. Functional changes in kidney seem to be related to the oxidative status]. C R Biol 2008; 331:23-31. [PMID: 18187119 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of daily injections of lithium carbonate (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg body weight) during 14 and 28 days were investigated in Wistar mice. Attention was paid (1) to changes in concentrations of lithium, creatinine and urea in serum, (2) to level of oxidative stress by measuring lipids peroxidation level and catalase, superoxide-dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase activities, and (3) to changes in the histological structure of brain. The first intraperitoneal injection was followed by a transitory peak of lithium in the blood, reaching 0.25 mM and 1.1 mM and disappearing 6 and 12 h later for the 20 and 80 mg/kg doses, respectively. From the first to the last day of treatment, lithium concentrations in the blood, measured 12 h after the injections, increased from 0 to 0.11 mM (20 mg/kg dose) or 0.25 mM (80 mg/kg dose). The 80 mg/kg treatment induced a renal insufficiency evidenced by an increase of blood creatinine and urea levels. Lithium treatment was found to trigger an oxidative stress in kidney, but not in brain. In kidney, the lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased. No change in glutathione peroxidase activity was detected. Histology of the brain cortex revealed interesting modifications: thicker neuronal cells and a denser network of dendrites, as compared to controls.
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Zarnescu O, Zamfirescu G. Effects of lithium carbonate on rat seminiferous tubules: an ultrastructural study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:576-82. [PMID: 17121655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium salts are commonly used for treatment of bipolar disorder but prolonged treatment with therapeutic doses induces substantial toxic effects. In the present study we examined the effects of lithium carbonate on the ultrastructure of rat seminiferous tubules. Rats were exposed to lithium carbonate at doses of 35 mg/kg/day for 21 days. After lithium treatment, the tunica propria widened and folded together with convolutions of the basement membrane, myoid cells and lymphatic endothelium. In the seminiferous epithelium loss of germ cell attachment and appearance of expanded intercellular spaces between spermatogenic cells were observed. Early stages of spermatogenic cells showed nuclear protrusions or swellings because of an extensive enlargement of the outer nuclear membrane. Round spermatids exhibited abnormally shaped acrosomes and dilation of the subacrosomal space. Many abnormal, degenerated late spermatids with random orientation were seen towards the basal and adluminal compartments of the seminiferous epithelium. In addition, spermatids exhibited alteration in F-actin bundle ectoplasmic specialization and contained many mitochondria-associated granular bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zarnescu
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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