Généralités sur la cancérogenèse

[Oncological principles for local control of primary tumor]

OBJECTIVE

Review of the databases of carcinogenesis and the principles of local control of the primary tumor in order to decrease the risk of tumor progression and predict metastatic behavior.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Review of the literature using Medline databases based on scientific relevance. Research was centered on the characteristics of solid tumor development, the basics of local control of the primary tumor, latest advance in genomics and the oncological principles applied on prostate cancer surgery.

RESULTS

The cornerstone in order to cure a local or locally advanced cancer is to eradicate the primary tumor. This should be done using effective methods that can assure local control, decrease the risk of progression and metastasis. The oncological surgery is the most important step in order to have this tumor control, beside radiotherapy and systemic therapy associated. In localized prostate cancer, surgery remains the gold standard between the multiple therapeutic modalities proposed.

CONCLUSION

The local control of solid malignant tumor is primordial in order to change the natural history of the disease and decrease its risk of progression. This is the goal of oncological surgery, and starting from these principles radical prostatectomy was favored.

Relationship between chronic trauma of the oral mucosa, oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer

BACKGROUND

Oral cancer represents 2%-5% of all cancers, being one of the 10 most frequent ones. Apart from oral cancer risk factors already described in literature, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, others emerging risk factors have been proposed, such as chronic irritation from dental factors. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of chronic trauma of the oral mucosa (CTOM) in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and cancer.

METHODS

A retrospective study of 406 patients (both sexes; aged between 18 and 80 years; with OPMD and cancer) who attended the Department of Clinical Stomatology A of the National University of Cordoba was performed by non-probabilistic sampling. The association of variables and outcome variable diagnosis, with levels control, OPMD, oral cancer, was evaluated by multinomial regression model.

RESULTS

Population under study was represented by 72% of control patients, 16% patients with OPMD and 11% of patients with oral cancer. It was observed a significant association between diagnosis and CTOM (P = 0.000), after adjustment of confounding factors (smoking and drinking habits, sex, cancer inheritance and denture use).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that CTOM is, together with other factors, an important risk factor in patients with oral cancer diagnosis, but not for patients with OPMD.