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Abstract
Microbial communities associated with deep-sea animals are critical to the establishment of novel biological communities in unusual environments. Over the past few decades, rapid exploration of the deep sea has enabled the discovery of novel microbial communities, some of which form symbiotic relationships with animal hosts. Symbiosis in the deep sea changes host physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution over time and space. Symbiont diversity within a host is often aligned with diverse metabolic pathways that broaden the environmental niche for the animal host. In this review, we focus on microbiomes and obligate symbionts found in different deep-sea habitats and how they facilitate survival of the organisms that live in these environments. In addition, we discuss factors that govern microbiome diversity, host specificity, and biogeography in the deep sea. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of microbiome research and draw a road map for future directions to advance our knowledge of microbiomes in the deep sea. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam O Osman
- Biology Department, Eberly College, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Marine Biology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexis M Weinnig
- Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Discovering symbiosis in the supralittoral: bacterial metabarcoding analysis from the hepatopancreas of Orchestia and Tylos (Crustacea). Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Durand L, Roumagnac M, Cueff-Gauchard V, Jan C, Guri M, Tessier C, Haond M, Crassous P, Zbinden M, Arnaud-Haond S, Cambon-Bonavita MA. Biogeographical distribution of Rimicaris exoculata resident gut epibiont communities along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent sites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv101. [PMID: 26324855 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rimicaris exoculata is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp whose enlarged gill chamber houses a complex trophic epibiotic community. Its gut harbours an autochthonous and distinct microbial community. This species dominates hydrothermal ecosystem megafauna along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, regardless of contrasting geochemical conditions prevailing in them. Here, the resident gut epibiont community at four contrasted hydrothermal vent sites (Rainbow, TAG, Logatchev and Ashadze) was analysed and compiled with previous data to evaluate the possible influence of site location, using 16S rRNA surveys and microscopic observations (transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses). Filamentous epibionts inserted between the epithelial cell microvilli were observed on all examined samples. Results confirmed resident gut community affiliation to Deferribacteres, Mollicutes, Epsilonproteobacteria and to a lesser extent Gammaproteobacteria lineages. Still a single Deferribacteres phylotype was retrieved at all sites. Four Mollicutes-related operational taxonomic units were distinguished, one being only identified on Rainbow specimens. The topology of ribotype median-joining networks illustrated a community diversification possibly following demographic expansions, suggesting a more ancient evolutionary history and/or a larger effective population size at Rainbow. Finally, the gill chamber community distribution was also analysed through ribotype networks based on sequences from R. exoculata collected at the Rainbow, Snake Pit, TAG, Logatchev and Ashadze sites. Results allow the refining of hypotheses on the epibiont role and transmission pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Durand
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Roumagnac
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Valérie Cueff-Gauchard
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Cyrielle Jan
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, Technopôle Iroise, 4 place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Mathieu Guri
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, Technopôle Iroise, 4 place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Claire Tessier
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marine Haond
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Crassous
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire Environnements Profonds, REM/EEP/LEP, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Magali Zbinden
- UMR CNRS 7208 BOREA, Equipe aux Milieux Extrêmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire Environnements Profonds, REM/EEP/LEP, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Marie-Anne Cambon-Bonavita
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, REM/EEP/LM2E, UMR 6197 Ifremer-CNRS-UBO, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Soonthornchai W, Chaiyapechara S, Jarayabhand P, Söderhäll K, Jiravanichpaisal P. Interaction of Vibrio spp. with the Inner Surface of the Digestive Tract of Penaeus monodon. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135783. [PMID: 26285030 PMCID: PMC4540450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of Vibrio are the causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. In aquaculture, Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) have long been considered as shrimp pathogens in freshwater, brackish and marine environments. Here we show by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that Penaeus monodon orally inoculated with each of these two pathogens via an Artemia diet had numerous bacteria attached randomly across the stomach surface, in single and in large biofilm-like clusters 6 h post-infection. A subsequent marked proliferation in the number of V. harveyi within the biofilm-like formations resulted in the development of infections in the stomach, the upper and middle midgut, but neither in the posterior midgut nor the hindgut. SEM also revealed the induced production of peritrichous pili-like structures by the Vp attaching to the stomach lining, whilst only a single polar fibre was seen forming an apparent physical bridge between Vh and the host’s epithelium. In contrast to these observations, no such adherences or linkages were seen when trials were conducted with non-pathogenic Vibrio spp. or with Micrococcus luteus, with no obvious resultant changes to the host’s gut surface. In naive shrimp, the hindgut was found to be a favorable site for bacteria notably curved, short-rod shaped bacteria which probably belong to Vibrio spp. Data from the current study suggests that pathogens of P. monodon must be able to colonize the digestive tract, particularly the stomach, where chitin is present, and then they use an array of virulent factors and enzymes to infect their host resulting in disease. Oral infection is a better way of mimicking natural routes of infection; investigating the host-bacteria interactions occurring in the digestive tract may lead to new strategies for the prevention or control of bacterial infections in penaeids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipasiri Soonthornchai
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sage Chaiyapechara
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Padermsak Jarayabhand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program on Maritime Administration, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden; Fish Vet Group Asia Limited, 99/386, Chaengwattana Rd., Toongsonghong, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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Freschi J, Doran L, Malumba P, Blecker C. Impact of freezing and thawing processes on wheat and potato starch gel syneresis. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Freschi
- Department of Food Science and Formulation; University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Lynn Doran
- Department of Food Science and Formulation; University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Paul Malumba
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Department of Food Science and Formulation; University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Gembloux Belgium
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Extracellular sugar phosphates are assimilated by Streptomyces in a PhoP-dependent manner. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:425-33. [PMID: 22733060 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms of the bacterial genus Streptomyces have a complex life cycle that includes physiological and morphological differentiations. It is now fairly well accepted that lysis of Streptomyces vegetative mycelium induced by programmed cell death (PCD) provides the required nutritive sources for the bacterium to erect spore-forming aerial hyphae. However, little is known regarding cellular compounds released during PCD and the contribution of these molecules to the feeding of surviving cells in order to allow them to reach the late stages of the developmental program. In this work we assessed the effect of extracellular sugar phosphates (that are likely to be released in the environment upon cell lysis) on the differentiation processes. We demonstrated that the supply of phosphorylated sugars, under inorganic phosphate limitation, delays the occurrence of the second round of PCD, blocks streptomycetes life cycle at the vegetative state and inhibits antibiotic production. The mechanism by which sugar phosphates affect development was shown to involve genes of the Pho regulon that are under the positive control of the two component system PhoR/PhoP. Indeed, the inactivation of the response regulator phoP of Streptomyces lividans prevented the 'sugar phosphate effect' whereas the S. lividans ppk (polyphosphate kinase) deletion mutant, known to overexpress the Pho regulon, presented an enhanced response to phosphorylated sugars.
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Gaudron SM, Lefebvre S, Nunes Jorge A, Gaill F, Pradillon F. Spatial and temporal variations in food web structure from newly-opened habitat at hydrothermal vents. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 77:129-140. [PMID: 22503949 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To highlight the spatio-temporal variability of the food web structure of hydrothermal vent fauna from newly-opened habitat, a series of Titanium Ring for Alvinellid Colonization devices (TRACs) was deployed at TICA site on the East Pacific Rise in 2006. This experiment was conducted for periods of 4 days, 13 days and one month and deployments were aligned along a gradient from the basaltic bottom to the vent openings. δ(13)C values of colonists revealed a narrower range of carbon sources in proximity to vent openings in Alvinella pompejana habitat than in Tevnia jerichonana habitat, separated by a distance of four meters. This was possibly due to a spatial change in available food sources with a possible higher contribution of particulate organic matter (POM) to the siboglinid habitat compared to a higher contribution of microbial primary producers such as Epsilonproteobacteria in the alvinellid habitat. Temporal variability was also observed during experimentation in the form of a shift in either δ(13)C and/or δ(15)N values for A. pompejana, Lepetodrilus elevatus, dirivultid copepods and polynoid polychaetes within a one-month window showing first of all, fast tissues turnover and secondly, a possible switch in feeding strategy or food sources. Lepidonotopodium riftense and Branchinotogluma sandersi may have to alternate between detritivorous and predatory feeding strategies. In addition, through the analysis of stable isotope composition of A. pompejana and its episymbionts, we provided evidence that these attached bacteria formed part of the worms' diet during the course of these colonization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Marylène Gaudron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A 4ème étage pièce 415, Paris VI, CNRS, UMR7138, Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, équipe AMEX, 7 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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