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Kulikova B, Kovac M, Bauer M, Tomkova M, Olexikova L, Vasicek J, Balazi A, Makarevich AV, Chrenek P. Survivability of rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells post slow-freezing or vitrification. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:491-499. [PMID: 31005288 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of two distinct cryopreservation procedures - conventional slow-freezing and vitrification, on survivability and mesenchymal marker expression stability of rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAF-MSCs). Cells at passage 2 were slowly frozen, using 10% of dimethylsulfoxide, or vitrified, using 40% of ethylene glycol, 0.5 M sucrose and 18% Ficoll 70. After three months storage in liquid nitrogen, viability, chromosomal stability, ultrastructure, surface and intracellular marker expression and differentiation potential of cells were evaluated immediately post-thawing/warming and after additional culture for 48-72 h. Our results showed decreased (P ≤ 0.05) viability of cells post-thawing/warming. However, after additional culture, the viability was similar to those in fresh counterparts in both cryopreserved groups. Increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the population doubling time of vitrified cells was observed, while doubling time of slow-frozen cells remained similar to non-cryopreserved cells. No changes in karyotype (chromosomal numbers) were observed in frozen/vitrified AF-MSCs, and histological staining confirmed similar differentiation potential of fresh and frozen/vitrified cells. Analysis of mesenchymal marker expression by qPCR showed that both cryopreservation approaches significantly affected expression of CD73 and CD90 surface markers. These changes were not detected using flow cytometry. In summary, the conventional slow-freezing and vitrification are reliable and effective approaches for the cryopreservation of rabbit AF-MSCs. Nevertheless, our study confirmed affected expression of some mesenchymal markers following cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kulikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Kovac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Tomkova
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexikova
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Vasicek
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Balazi
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexander V Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, NAFC, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85 796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Key Issues Related to Cryopreservation and Storage of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Protecting Biological Integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:1-12. [PMID: 27837550 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation and biobanking of stem cells are becoming increasingly important as stem cell technology and application attract the interest of industry, academic research, healthcare and patient organisations. Stem cell are already being used in the treatment of some diseases and it is anticipated that stem cell therapy will play a central role in future medicine. Similarly, the discovery of both hematopoietic and solid tumor stem cells and their clinical relevance have profoundly altered paradigms for cancer research as the cancer stem cells are considered promising new targets against cancer. Consequently, long-term cryopreservation and banking of normal and malignant stem cells is crucial and will inevitably become a routine procedure that requires highly regulated and safe methods of specimen storage. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence showing contradictory results on the impact of cryopreservation and thawing of stem cells, including extensive physical and biological stresses, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial injuries, changes to basal respiration and ATP production, cellular structural damage, telomere shortening and cellular senescence, and DNA damage and oxidative stress. Notably, cell surface proteins that play a major role in stem cell fate and are used as the biomarkers of stem cells are more vulnerable to cold stress than other proteins. There are also data supporting the alteration in some biological features and genetic integrity at the molecular level of the post-thawed stem cells. This article reviews the current and future challenges of cryopreservation of stem cells and stresses the need for further rigorous research on the methodologies for freezing and utilizing cancer stem cells following long-term storage.
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