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Lin MTY, Lee IXY, Chen WL, Chen MY, Mehta JS, Yam GHF, Peh GSL, Liu YC. Culture of Primary Neurons from Dissociated and Cryopreserved Mouse Trigeminal Ganglion. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:381-393. [PMID: 37212303 PMCID: PMC10442681 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal nerves originate from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, which enters the cornea at the limbus radially from all directions toward the central cornea. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons of trigeminal nerve are located in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), while the axons are extended into the three divisions, including ophthalmic branch that supplies corneal nerves. Study of primary neuronal cultures established from the TG fibers can therefore provide a knowledge basis for corneal nerve biology and potentially be developed as an in vitro platform for drug testing. However, setting up primary neuron cultures from animal TG has been dubious with inconsistency among laboratories due to a lack of efficient isolation protocol, resulting in low yield and heterogenous cultures. In this study, we used a combined enzymatic digestion with collagenase and TrypLE to dissociate mouse TG while preserving nerve cell viability. A subsequent discontinuous Percoll density gradient followed by mitotic inhibitor treatment effectively diminished the contamination of non-neuronal cells. Using this method, we reproducibly generated high yield and homogenous primary TG neuron cultures. Similar efficiency of nerve cell isolation and culture was further obtained for TG tissue cryopreserved for short (1 week) and long duration (3 months), compared to freshly isolated tissues. In conclusion, this optimized protocol shows a promising potential to standardize TG nerve culture and generate a high-quality corneal nerve model for drug testing and neurotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Xin Yu Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yun Chen
- Advanced Ocular Surface and Corneal Nerve Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gary H. F. Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary S. L. Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Methods for shipping live primary cortical and hippocampal neuron cultures from postnatal mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 4:100069. [PMID: 36589676 PMCID: PMC9794877 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary neuronal cultures have proven to be a powerful tool for studying mechanisms in neuroscience. It is technically challenging and expensive to reproduce high quality viable neuronal cultures. Laboratories that are not experienced or equipped to prepare primary neuron cultures may have difficulty producing consistent cultures for experiments. It has previously been shown that live rat embryonic hippocampal cultures can be shipped from laboratories that produce them. Here, we show that variations to this procedure allow for shipping postnatal mouse cultures of hippocampal and cortical primary neurons using standard commercial couriers. We also show that after shipping, primary neurons are viable, express synaptic markers, and demonstrate physiological activity, making them relevant models over immortalized cell lines. Among the many applications of this technique would be the preparation of cultured neurons from transgenic mouse lines in one laboratory and sharing them with distant collaborators, reducing variability.
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Kilbride P, Meneghel J, Fonseca F, Morris J. The transfer temperature from slow cooling to cryogenic storage is critical for optimal recovery of cryopreserved mammalian cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259571. [PMID: 34784361 PMCID: PMC8594829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a key step for the effective delivery of many cell therapies and for the maintenance of biological materials for research. The preservation process must be carefully controlled to ensure maximum, post-thaw recovery using cooling rates slow enough to allow time for cells to cryodehydrate sufficiently to avoid lethal intracellular ice. This study focuses on determining the temperature necessary at the end of controlled slow cooling before transfer to cryogenic storage which ensures optimal recovery of the processed cell samples. Using nucleated, mammalian cell lines derived from liver (HepG2), ovary (CHO) and bone tissue (MG63) this study has shown that cooling must be controlled to -40°C before transfer to long term storage to ensure optimal cell recovery. No further advantage was seen by controlling cooling to lower temperatures. These results are consistent with collected differential scanning calorimetry data, that indicated the cells underwent an intracellular, colloidal glass transition between -49 and -59°C (Tg’i) in the presence of the cryoprotective agent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The glass forms at the point of maximum cryodehydration and no further cellular dehydration is possible. At this point the risk of lethal intracellular ice forming on transfer to ultra-low temperature storage is eliminated. In practice it may not be necessary to continue slow cooling to below this temperature as optimal recovery at -40°C indicates that the cells have become sufficiently dehydrated to avoid further, significant damage when transferred into ultra-low temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Fonseca
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Bojic S, Murray A, Bentley BL, Spindler R, Pawlik P, Cordeiro JL, Bauer R, de Magalhães JP. Winter is coming: the future of cryopreservation. BMC Biol 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 33761937 PMCID: PMC7989039 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications. We describe the main challenges-scaling up to large volumes and complex tissues, preventing ice formation and mitigating cryoprotectant toxicity-discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods and outline prospects for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Bojic
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piotr Pawlik
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Cui ZK, Li SY, Liao K, Wang ZJ, Guo YL, Tang LS, Tang SB, Ma JH, Chen JS. Characteristics of neural growth and cryopreservation of the dorsal root ganglion using three-dimensional collagen hydrogel culture versus conventional culture. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1856-1864. [PMID: 33510093 PMCID: PMC8328787 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, most somatosensory pathways begin with the activation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The development of an appropriate DRG culture method is a prerequisite for establishing in vitro peripheral nerve disease models and for screening therapeutic drugs. In this study, we compared the changes in morphology, molecular biology, and transcriptomics of chicken embryo DRG cultured on tissue culture plates (T-DRG) versus three-dimensional collagen hydrogels (C-DRG). Our results showed that after 7 days of culture, the transcriptomics of T-DRG and C-DRG were quite different. The upregulated genes in C-DRG were mainly related to neurogenesis, axon guidance, and synaptic plasticity, whereas the downregulated genes in C-DRG were mainly related to cell proliferation and cell division. In addition, the genes related to cycles/pathways such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway were activated, while those related to cell-cycle pathways were downregulated. Furthermore, neurogenesis- and myelination-related genes were highly expressed in C-DRG, while epithelial–mesenchymal transition-, apoptosis-, and cell division-related genes were suppressed. Morphological results indicated that the numbers of branches, junctions, and end-point voxels per C-DRG were significantly greater than those per T-DRG. Furthermore, cells were scattered in T-DRG and more concentrated in C-DRG, with a higher ratio of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells in T-DRG compared with C-DRG. C-DRG also had higher S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and lower α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression than T-DRG, and contained fewer terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells after 48 hours of serum starvation. After cryopreservation, C-DRG maintained more intact morphological characteristics, and had higher viability and less TUNEL-positive cells than T-DRG. Furthermore, newly formed nerve bundles were able to grow along the existing Schwann cells in C-DRG. These results suggest that C-DRG may be a promising in vitro culture model, with better nerve growth and anti-apoptotic ability, quiescent Schwann cells, and higher viability. Results from this study provide a reference for the construction, storage, and transportation of tissue-engineered nerves. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, China (approval No. 2020-IRB16), on March 15, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kai Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shen-Yang Li
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Long Guo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University; Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luo-Sheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Bo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacey Hongjie Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province; Imaging and Functional Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Su Chen
- Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University; Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Ishizuka Y, Bramham CR. A simple DMSO-based method for cryopreservation of primary hippocampal and cortical neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schwarz S, Spitzbarth I, Baumgärtner W, Lehmbecker A. Cryopreservation of Canine Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Its Impact upon Susceptibility to Paramyxovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051058. [PMID: 30823498 PMCID: PMC6429404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, isolated post mortem from adult dogs, could provide a promising tool to study neuropathogenesis of neurotropic virus infections with a non-rodent host spectrum. However, access to canine DRG is limited due to lack of donor tissue and the cryopreservation of DRG neurons would greatly facilitate experiments. The present study aimed (i) to establish canine DRG neurons as an in vitro model for canine distemper virus (CDV) infection; and (ii) to determine whether DRG neurons are cryopreservable and remain infectable with CDV. Neurons were characterized morphologically and phenotypically by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and functionally, by studying their neurite outgrowth and infectability with CDV. Cryopreserved canine DRG neurons remained in culture for at least 12 days. Furthermore, both non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved DRG neurons were susceptible to infection with two different strains of CDV, albeit only one of the two strains (CDV R252) provided sufficient absolute numbers of infected neurons. However, cryopreserved DRG neurons showed reduced cell yield, neurite outgrowth, neurite branching, and soma size and reduced susceptibility to CDV infection. In conclusion, canine primary DRG neurons represent a suitable tool for investigations upon the pathogenesis of neuronal CDV infection. Moreover, despite certain limitations, cryopreserved canine DRG neurons generally provide a useful and practicable alternative to address questions regarding virus tropism and neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schwarz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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High Fidelity Cryopreservation and Recovery of Primary Rodent Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-MNT-0135-18. [PMID: 30263951 PMCID: PMC6158653 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0135-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation improves reproducibility and enables flexibility in experimental design. Although conventional freezing methodologies have been used to preserve primary neurons, poor cell viability and reduced survival severely limited their utility. We screened several high-performance freezing media and found that CryoStor10 (CS10) provided superior cryoprotection to primary mouse embryonic cortical neurons compared to other commercially-available or traditional reagents, permitting the recovery of 68.8% of cells relative to a fresh dissection. We characterized developmental, morphometric, and functional indicators of neuron maturation and found that, without exception, neurons recovered from cryostorage in CS10 media faithfully recapitulate in vitro neurodevelopment in-step with neurons obtained by fresh dissection. Our method establishes cryopreserved neurons as a reliable, efficient, and equivalent model to fresh neuron cultures.
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Pischedda F, Montani C, Obergasteiger J, Frapporti G, Corti C, Rosato Siri M, Volta M, Piccoli G. Cryopreservation of Primary Mouse Neurons: The Benefit of Neurostore Cryoprotective Medium. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:81. [PMID: 29623032 PMCID: PMC5874515 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary neuronal culture from rodents is a well-established model to investigate cellular neurobiology in vitro. However, for this purpose cell cultures need to be generated expressly, requiring extensive animal handling. Furthermore, often the preparation of fresh culture generates an excess of cells that are ultimately wasted. Therefore the ability to successfully cryopreserve primary neural cells would represent an important resource for neuroscience research and would allow to significantly reduce the sacrifice of animals. We describe here a novel freezing medium that allows long-term cryopreservation of primary mouse neurons prepared from E15.5 embryos. Combining imaging, biochemical and electrophysiological analyses, we found that cryopreserved cultures are viable and mature regarding morphology and functionality. These findings suggest that cryopreserved neurons are a valuable alternative to acutely dissociated neural cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Montani
- CIBIO, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Julia Obergasteiger
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Frapporti
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marcelo Rosato Siri
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mattia Volta
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- CIBIO, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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