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Ali AM, Chang B, Consiglio AN, Sanchez Van Moer G, Powell-Palm MJ, Rubinsky B, Mäkiharju SA. Experimental observation of cavity-free ice-free isochoric vitrification via combined pressure measurements and photon counting x-ray computed tomography. Cryobiology 2024; 116:104935. [PMID: 38936595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Isochoric (constant-volume or volumetrically confined) vitrification has shown potential as an alternative cryopreservation-by-vitrification technique, but the complex processes at play within the chamber are yet poorly characterized, and recent investigations have prompted significant debate around whether a truly isochoric vitrification process (in which the liquid remains completely confined by solid boundaries) is indeed feasible. Based on a recent thermomechanical simulation of a high-concentration Me2SO solution, Solanki and Rabin (Cryobiology, 2023, 111, 9-15.) argue that isochoric vitrification is not feasible, because differential thermal contraction of the solution and container will necessarily drive generation of a cavity, corrupting the rigid confinement of the liquid. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence to the contrary, demonstrating cavity-free isochoric vitrification of a ∼3.5 M vitrification solution by combined isochoric pressure measurement (IPM) and photon-counting x-ray computed tomography (PC-CT). We hypothesize that the absence of a cavity is due to the minimal thermal contraction of the solution, which we support with additional volumetric analysis of the PC-CT reconstructions. In total, this study provides experimental evidence both demonstrating the feasibility of isochoric vitrification and highlighting the potential of designing vitrification solutions that exhibit minimal thermal contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gala Sanchez Van Moer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Simo A Mäkiharju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Kavian S, Powell-Palm MJ. Limits of pressure-based ice detection during isochoric vitrification. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104905. [PMID: 38759911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification under isochoric (constant-volume or volumetrically confined) conditions has emerged as an intriguing new cryopreservation modality, but the physical complexities of the process confound straight-forward interpretation of experimental results. In particular, the signature pressure-based ice detection used in many isochoric techniques becomes paradoxical during vitrification, wherein the emergence of a sharp increase in pressure reliably indicates the presence of ice, but avoidance of this increase does not necessarily indicate its absence. This phenomenon arises from the rich interplay between thermochemical and thermovolumetric effects in isochoric systems, and muddies efforts to confirm the degree to which a sample has vitrified. In this work, we seek to aid interpretation of isochoric vitrification experiments by calculating thermodynamic limits on the maximum amount of ice that may form without being detected by pressure, and by clarifying the myriad physical processes at play. Neglecting kinetic effects, we develop a simplified thermodynamic model accounting for thermal contraction, cavity formation, ice growth, solute ripening, and glass formation, we evaluate it for a range of chamber materials and solution compositions, and we validate against the acutely limited data available. Our results provide both counter-intuitive insights- lower-concentration solutions may contract less while producing more pressure-undetectable ice growth for example- and a general phenomenological framework by which to evaluate the process of vitrification in isochoric systems. We anticipate that the model herein will enable design of future isochoric protocols with minimized risk of pressure-undetectable ice formation, and provide a thermodynamic foundation from which to build an increasingly rigorous multi-physics understanding of isochoric vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Kavian
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA.
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA.
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3
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Șerban A, Năstase G, Beșchea GA, Câmpean ȘI, Fetecău C, Popescu I, Botea F, Neacșu I. Prototype isochoric preservation device for large organs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1335638. [PMID: 38524196 PMCID: PMC10959385 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the design and prototype of a constant volume (isochoric) vessel that can be used for the preservation of large organs in a supercooled state. This prototype is a preliminary version of a more advanced design. The device consists of a cooling bath operated by a mechanical vapor compression refrigeration unit and an isochoric chamber made of stainless steel. The preservation of organs using supercooling technology in an isochoric chamber requires a continuous temperature and pressure monitoring. While the device was initially designed for pig liver experiments, its innovative design and preservation capabilities suggest potential applications for preserving other organs as well. The isochoric reactor may be used to accommodate a variety of organ types, opening the door for further research into its multi-organ preservation capabilities. All the design details are presented in this study with the purpose of encouraging researchers in the field to build their own devices, and by this to improve the design. We chose to design the device for isochoric supercooling as the method of preservation to avoid the ice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Năstase
- Department of Building Services, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Ștefan-Ioan Câmpean
- Department of Building Services, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Cătălin Fetecău
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Botea
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Parker JT, Consiglio AN, Rubinsky B, Mäkiharju SA. Direct comparison of isobaric and isochoric vitrification of two aqueous solutions with photon counting X-ray computed tomography. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104839. [PMID: 38097056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1. Previous studies have only compared vitrification in isochoric systems with isobaric systems that have an exposed air-liquid interface. We use a movable piston to replicate the surface and thermal boundary conditions of the isochoric system yet maintain isobaric conditions. When controlling for the boundary conditions we find that similar ice and vapor volume fractions form during cooling in isochoric and isobaric conditions. Interestingly, we observe distinct ice and vapor cavity morphology in the isochoric systems, possibly due to vapor outgassing or cavitation as rapid cooling causes the pressure to drop in the confined systems. These observations highlight the array of thermal-fluid processes that occur during vitrification in confined aqueous systems and motivate the further application of imaging techniques such as photon counting X-ray CT in fundamental studies of vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Parker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Simo A Mäkiharju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Powell-Palm MJ, Henley EM, Consiglio AN, Lager C, Chang B, Perry R, Fitzgerald K, Daly J, Rubinsky B, Hagedorn M. Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals using isochoric vitrification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4859. [PMID: 37612315 PMCID: PMC10447501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Corals are under siege by both local and global threats, creating a worldwide reef crisis. Cryopreservation is an important intervention measure and a vital component of the modern coral conservation toolkit, but preservation techniques are currently limited to sensitive reproductive materials that can only be obtained a few nights per year during spawning. Here, we report the successful cryopreservation and revival of cm-scale coral fragments via mL-scale isochoric vitrification. We demonstrate coral viability at 24 h post-thaw using a calibrated oxygen-uptake respirometry technique, and further show that the method can be applied in a passive, electronics-free configuration. Finally, we detail a complete prototype coral cryopreservation pipeline, which provides a platform for essential next steps in modulating post-thaw stress and initiating long-term growth. These findings pave the way towards an approach that can be rapidly deployed around the world to secure the biological genetic diversity of our vanishing coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Powell-Palm
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - E Michael Henley
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA.
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claire Lager
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Brooke Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Riley Perry
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Kendall Fitzgerald
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science and Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
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6
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Botea F, Năstase G, Herlea V, Chang TT, Șerban A, Barcu A, Rubinsky B, Popescu I. An exploratory study on isochoric supercooling preservation of the pig liver. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101485. [PMID: 37229422 PMCID: PMC10203736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was motivated by the increasing interest in finding ways to preserve organs in a supercooled state for transplantation. Previous research with small volumes suggests that the isochoric (constant volume) thermodynamic state enhances the stability of supercooled solutions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of storing a large organ, such as the pig liver, in a metastable isochoric supercooled state for clinically relevant durations. To achieve this, we designed a new isochoric technology that employs a system consisting of two domains separated by an interior boundary that can transfer heat and pressure, but not mass. The liver is preserved in one of these domains in a solution with an intracellular composition, which is in osmotic equilibrium with the liver. Pressure is used to monitor the thermodynamic state of the isochoric chamber. In this feasibility study, two pig livers were preserved in the device in an isochoric supercooled state at -2°C. The experiments were terminated voluntarily, one after 24 h and the other after 48 h of supercooling preservation. Pressure measurements indicated that the livers did not freeze during the isochoric supercooling preservation. This is the first proof that organs as large as the pig liver can remain supercooled for extended periods of time in an isotonic solution in an isochoric system, despite an increased probability of ice nucleation with larger volumes. To serve as controls and to test the ability of pressure monitoring to detect freezing in the isochoric chamber, an experiment was designed in which two pig livers were frozen at -2°C for 24 h and the pressure monitored. Histological examination with H&E stains revealed that the supercooled liver maintained a normal appearance, even after 48 h of supercooling, while tissues in livers frozen to -2°C were severely disrupted by freezing after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Botea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Năstase
- Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Brasov, Romania
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tammy T. Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Alexandru Șerban
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Refrigeration Equipment Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Solanki PK, Rabin Y. Is isochoric vitrification feasible? Cryobiology 2023; 111:9-15. [PMID: 36948380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of ice-free isochoric vitrification for cryopreservation applications using mathematical modeling, computation tools, and the underlying principles of thermo-mechanics. This study is triggered by an increasing interest in the possibility of isochoric vitrification, following promising experimental results of isochoric cryopreservation. In general, isochoric cryopreservation is the preservation of biological materials in subzero temperatures in a rigid-sealed container, where some ice crystallization creates favorable pressure elevation due to the anomaly of water expansion upon ice Ih formation. Vitrification on the other hand, is the transformation of liquid into an amorphous solid in the absence of any crystals, which is typically achieved by rapid cooling of a highly viscous solution. The current study presents a mathematical model for vitrification under variable pressure conditions, building upon a recently published thermo-mechanics modeling approach for isochoric cryopreservation. Using the physical properties of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a representative cryoprotective agent (CPA), this study suggests that vitrification under isochoric conditions is not feasible, essentially since the CPA solution contracts more than the isochoric chamber by an order of magnitude. This differential contraction can lead to absolute zero pressure in the isochoric chamber, counteracting the premise of the isochoric cryopreservation process. It is concluded that the only alternative to prevent ice formation while benefiting from the potential advantages of higher pressures is to create the required pressures by external means, and not merely by passively enclosing the specimen in an isochoric chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem K Solanki
- Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yoed Rabin
- Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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8
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Temperature-pressure correlations of cryoprotective additives for the design of constant volume cryopreservation protocols. Cryobiology 2022; 108:42-50. [PMID: 35987387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, the use of constant volume (isochoric) cryopreservation, in medicine and biotechnology has captured more attention from the research community and now there is an increasing interest in the use of this new technology. It has been established that the thermodynamics of isochoric freezing is different from that of isobaric (constant pressure) freezing. This study provides researchers in the field experimental results for various compositions of cryoprotectants commonly used in isobaric cryopreservation, in terms of temperature-pressure-molar concentration correlation. It also reveals experimental isochoric thermodynamic data for the following cryoprotectants, commonly used in isobaric cryopreservation: dimethyl sulfoxide, trehalose, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Currently, the data on the pressure-temperature correlation in an isochoric system of cryoprotectants used in isobaric cryopreservation is not available. Our new experimental results indicate that the studied concentrations for each of the CPAs, lower and expands the range of temperatures in which cryopreservation by isochoric freezing can be safely practiced. We consider that these experiments will aid researchers developing new isochoric cryopreservation protocols.
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Beşchea GA, Câmpean SI, Tăbăcaru MB, Vuţoiu BG, Şerban A, Năstase G. A State of the Art Review of Isochoric Cryopreservation and Cryoprotectants. CRYOLETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.54680/fr22410110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a developing enthusiasm for discovering new methods, cryoprotectants, systems and devices for cells, tissues, and organ preservation in medicine, in sub-zero temperature conditions and a growing interest in developing more efficient and economical methods for long-term preservation
of food in a frozen state. Most of the preservation protocols currently used in medicine and food preservation involve the use of atmospheric pressure, and temperatures lower than normal body temperature in medicine, or lower than room temperature in the food industry. In this state of the
art review, we analyzed the results of a new preservation method that uses an isochoric system. We aimed to offer a clear overview of the potential of this new technology. Firstly, to study the origins of isochoric preservation, we searched using the WoS Database. A search with the world "isochoric"
returned 488 results. A more specific search of the term "isochoric freezing" returned 94 results. From these searches, we selected the 12 most relevant articles and discuss them here in detail. We present an overall characterization and criticism of the current use and potential of this new
preservation method that can be used in the medicine and food industry. The main findings indicate encouraging results for the tested biological matter, including for the preservation of food products (e.g.cherries, spinach, potatoes), biological organisms (e. g. Caenorhabditis elegans,
Escherichia coli, Listeria, Salmonella typhimurium), organs (e.g. rat hearts), tissues (e. g., tilapia fish filets) or cells (e. g., mammalian cells, pancreatic cells). Accordingly, we conclude that the isochoric system holds huge potential as a new technique in the
field of preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George-Andrei Beşchea
- Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Braşov, Romania
| | - Stefan-Ioan Câmpean
- Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Braşov, Romania
| | - Maria-Bianca Tăbăcaru
- Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Braşov, Romania
| | - Beatrice-Georgiana Vuţoiu
- Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Braşov, Romania
| | - Alexandru Şerban
- Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Services, Braşov, Romania
| | - Gabriel Năstase
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Mechanical Mechatornics, Thermotechnics, engines, thermal and refrigeration equipment Department, Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Glucose and glycerol temperature-pressure correlations for the design of cryopreservation protocols in an isochoric system at subfreezing temperature. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:42-47. [PMID: 33933991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of isochoric (constant volume) freezing for cryopreservation of biological matter. The goal of this study is to generate fundamental experimental data on the pressure temperature relation during the freezing of an isochoric system of aqueous solutions of two compounds, glucose and glycerol. Glucose and glycerol are commonly used as cryoprotectants in conventional isobaric (constant pressure) cryopreservation protocols. Earlier studies have shown that the increase in pressure during isochoric freezing is detrimental to biological matter and limits the range of temperatures in which isochoric freezing can be used for preservation to temperatures corresponding to pressures below 40 MPa. In physiological saline solution this pressure corresponds to a temperature of - 4 °C. Our new experimental data shows that the addition of 2 M glycerol to the saline solution lowers the temperature at which the isochoric freezing pressure is 40 MPa to -11 °C, 3 M glycerol to - 16.5 °C, and 4 M glycerol to - 24.5 °C, thereby substantially expending the range of temperatures in which cryopreservation by isochoric freezing can be practiced.
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11
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Nida S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Isochoric Freezing and Its Emerging Applications in Food Preservation. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-021-09284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Lauk-Dubitskiy SE, Pushkarev AV, Korovin IA, Shakurov AV, Burkov IA, Severgina LO, Zherdev AA, Tsiganov DI, Novikov IA. Porcine heart valve, aorta and trachea cryopreservation and thawing using polydimethylsiloxane. Cryobiology 2020; 93:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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de Vries RJ, Yarmush M, Uygun K. Systems engineering the organ preservation process for transplantation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 58:192-201. [PMID: 31280087 PMCID: PMC7261508 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improving organ preservation and extending the preservation time would have game-changing effects on the current practice of organ transplantation. Machine perfusion has emerged as an improved preservation technology to expand the donor pool, assess graft viability and ensure adequate graft function. However, its efficacy in extending the preservation time is limited. Subzero organ preservation does hold the promise to significantly extend the preservation time and recent advances in cryobiology bring it closer to clinical translation. In this review, we aim to broaden the perspective in the field from a focus on these individual technologies to that of a systems engineering. This would enable the creation of a preservation process that integrates the benefits of machine perfusion with those of subzero preservation, with the ultimate goal to provide on demand availability of donor organs through organ banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier J de Vries
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Powell-Palm MJ, Rubinsky B. A shift from the isobaric to the isochoric thermodynamic state can reduce energy consumption and augment temperature stability in frozen food storage. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Taylor MJ, Weegman BP, Baicu SC, Giwa SE. New Approaches to Cryopreservation of Cells, Tissues, and Organs. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 46:197-215. [PMID: 31244588 PMCID: PMC6558330 DOI: 10.1159/000499453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this concept article, we outline a variety of new approaches that have been conceived to address some of the remaining challenges for developing improved methods of biopreservation. This recognizes a true renaissance and variety of complimentary, high-potential approaches leveraging inspiration by nature, nanotechnology, the thermodynamics of pressure, and several other key fields. Development of an organ and tissue supply chain that can meet the healthcare demands of the 21st century means overcoming twin challenges of (1) having enough of these lifesaving resources and (2) having the means to store and transport them for a variety of applications. Each has distinct but overlapping logistical limitations affecting transplantation, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery, with challenges shared among major areas of biomedicine including tissue engineering, trauma care, transfusion medicine, and biomedical research. There are several approaches to biopreservation, the optimum choice of which is dictated by the nature and complexity of the tissue and the required length of storage. Short-term hypothermic storage at temperatures a few degrees above the freezing point has provided the basis for nearly all methods of preserving tissues and solid organs that, to date, have proved refractory to cryopreservation techniques successfully developed for single-cell systems. In essence, these short-term techniques have been based on designing solutions for cellular protection against the effects of warm and cold ischemia and basically rely upon the protective effects of reduced temperatures brought about by Arrhenius kinetics of chemical reactions. However, further optimization of such preservation strategies is now seen to be restricted. Long-term preservation calls for much lower temperatures and requires the tissue to withstand the rigors of heat and mass transfer during protocols designed to optimize cooling and warming in the presence of cryoprotective agents. It is now accepted that with current methods of cryopreservation, uncontrolled ice formation in structured tissues and organs at subzero temperatures is the single most critical factor that severely restricts the extent to which tissues can survive procedures involving freezing and thawing. In recent years, this major problem has been effectively circumvented in some tissues by using ice-free cryopreservation techniques based upon vitrification. Nevertheless, despite these promising advances there remain several recognized hurdles to be overcome before deep-subzero cryopreservation, either by classic freezing and thawing or by vitrification, can provide the much-needed means for biobanking complex tissues and organs for extended periods of weeks, months, or even years. In many cases, the approaches outlined here, including new underexplored paradigms of high-subzero preservation, are novel and inspired by mechanisms of freeze tolerance, or freeze avoidance, in nature. Others apply new bioengineering techniques such as nanotechnology, isochoric pressure preservation, and non-Newtonian fluids to circumvent currently intractable problems in cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Taylor
- Sylvatica Biotech, Inc., North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Simona C. Baicu
- Sylvatica Biotech, Inc., North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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