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Qian Y, Liu Y, Wang T, Wang S, Chen J, Li F, Zhang M, Hu X, Wang J, Li Y, James A, Hou R, Cai K. Effects of Cryptorchidism on the Semen Quality of Giant Pandas from the Perspective of Seminal Plasma Proteomics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1288. [PMID: 39457412 PMCID: PMC11507308 DOI: 10.3390/genes15101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant pandas are an endangered species with low reproductive rates. Cryptorchidism, which can negatively affect reproduction, is also often found in pandas. Seminal plasma plays a crucial role in sperm-environment interactions, and its properties are closely linked to conception potential in both natural and assisted reproduction. The research sought to identify seminal fluid protein content variations between normal and cryptorchid giant pandas. Methods: Using a label-free MS-based method, the semen proteomes of one panda with cryptorchidism and three normal pandas were studied, and the identified proteins were compared and functionally analyzed. Results: Mass spectrometry identified 2059 seminal plasma proteins, with 361 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEPs are mainly involved in the phosphate-containing compound metabolic, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity areas (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that the top 20 pathways were notably concentrated in the adipocyte lipolysis and insulin metabolism pathway, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Further analysis through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified nine key proteins that may play crucial roles, including D2GXH8 (hexokinase Fragment), D2HSQ6 (protein tyrosine phosphatase), and G1LHZ6 (Calmodulin 2). Conclusions: We suspect that the high abundance of D2HSQ6 in cryptorchid individuals is associated with metabolic pathways, especially the insulin signal pathway, as a typical proteomic feature related to its pathological features. These findings offer insight into the ex situ breeding conditions of this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qian
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.Q.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.Q.); (T.W.)
| | - Shenfei Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Jiasong Chen
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Feiping Li
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Mengshi Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xianbiao Hu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Ayala James
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Kailai Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (Y.L.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (M.Z.); (X.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (A.J.); (R.H.)
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
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Pan J, Zeng Q, Peng K, Zhou Y, Shu Z. Review of Rewarming Methods for Cryopreservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:304-311. [PMID: 37751240 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most effective technology for the long-term preservation of biological materials, including cells, tissues, and even organs in the future. The process of cooling and rewarming is essential to the successful preservation of biological materials. One of the critical problems in the development of cryopreservation is the optimization of effective rewarming technologies. This article reviewed rewarming methods, including traditional boundary rewarming commonly used for small-volume biological materials and other advanced techniques that could be potentially feasible for organ preservation in the future. The review focused on various rewarming technique principles, typical applications, and their possible limitations for cryopreservation of biological materials. This article introduced nanowarming methods in the progressing optimization and the possible difficulties. The trends of novel rewarming methods were discussed, and suggestions were given for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Shuda College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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Liu YL, Chen JS, An JH, Cai ZG, Lan JC, Li Y, Kong XW, Zhang MY, Hou R, Wang DH. Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes derived from giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) endometrium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:550-563. [PMID: 37639049 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of genetic resources is an important way to protect endangered species. At present, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from the bone marrow and umbilical cords of giant pandas. However, the types and quantities of preserved cell resources were rare and limited, and none of MSCs was derived from female reproductive organs. Here, we first isolated MSCs from the endometrium of giant panda. These cells showed fibroblast morphology and expressed Sox2, Klf4, Thy1, CD73, CD105, CD44, CD49f, and CD105. Endometrium mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) of giant panda could induce differentiation into three germ layers in vitro. RNA-seq analysis showed that 833 genes were upregulated and 716 genes were downregulated in eMSCs compared with skin fibroblast cells. The results of GO and the KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly focused on transporter activity, signal transducer activity, pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The genes PLCG2, FRK, JAK3, LYN, PIK3CB, JAK2, CBLB, and MET were identified as hub genes by PPI network analysis. In addition, the exosomes of eMSCs were also isolated and identified. The average diameter of exosomes was 74.26 ± 13.75 nm and highly expressed TSG101 and CD9 but did not express CALNEXIN. A total of 277 miRNAs were detected in the exosomes; the highest expression of miRNA was the has-miR-21-5p. A total of 14461 target genes of the whole miRNAs were predicted and proceeded with functional analysis. In conclusion, we successfully isolated and characterized the giant panda eMSCs and their exosomes, and analyzed their functions through bioinformatics techniques. It not only enriched the conservation types of giant panda cell resources and promoted the protection of genetic diversity, but also laid a foundation for the application of eMSCs and exosomes in the disease treatment of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Jia-Song Chen
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Jun-Hui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Kong
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China.
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Wojtusik J, Roth TL, Curry E. Case Studies in Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Sperm Collection and Cryopreservation Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040430. [PMID: 35203138 PMCID: PMC8868262 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Polar bears are threatened by habitat loss, decreased food availability, and reduced reproductive success due to climate change. Zoo populations can support species survival through preservation of genetic diversity and maintenance of insurance populations, but in the US, the zoo polar bear population is currently not sustainable. The development of sperm collection and cryopreservation can help to support the population by providing the biomaterial needed for assisted reproductive techniques, such as artificial insemination. However, these procedures are not well described for polar bears. Data from 38 opportunistic sperm collections, that were conducted between 2011 and 2021, were assessed to establish best practices to date for collecting and preserving polar bear sperm. The information gathered demonstrates that urethral catheterization is an efficient method of sperm collection, sperm can be rescued postmortem from the vasa deferentia and epididymides, and polar bear sperm collection appears to be most effective during the breeding season. Furthermore, polar bear sperm can survive cryopreservation. Further studies will optimize these techniques, but this summary provides information that is immediately applicable to enhancing sample collection and cryopreservation success that could support the long-term genetic management of polar bears in zoos. Abstract Assisted reproductive technologies can aid conservation efforts via support of ex situ population management and preservation of genetic material. Data from 38 sperm collection attempts from 17 polar bears (1–5 procedures/bear) were evaluated. Sample collections were attempted via electroejaculation (EEJ; n = 6), urethral catheterization (UC; n = 25), or sperm rescue (SR; n = 7) during the breeding season (Jan. 1-May 21; n = 27) and nonbreeding season (May 22-Dec. 31; n = 11). Sperm retrieval was successful in 1 EEJ (16.7%), 18 UC (72.0%) and 4 SR (57.1%) collections. Initial sperm motility and viability were 50.0% and 77.0% for EEJ, 64.3 ± 7.4% and 80.9 ± 3.8% for UC, and 56.7 ± 8.8% and 80.5 ± 0.5% for SR. UC and SR were more likely to be successful during the breeding season (84.2–100%) than the nonbreeding season (25.0–33.3%). Testicular tumors were observed in four males (57%) during SR. In total, 13 samples were cryopreserved (n = 1 EEJ, 9 UC, and 3 SR) with egg-yolk-based equine extender (EQ) or OptiXcell (OP). For both extenders, post-thaw motility and viability were reduced by 20–60% and 30–65%, respectively. Further efforts to optimize procedures are warranted, but this summary provides data useful for enhancing the success of polar bear sperm collection and cryopreservation.
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Zhang R, Dong H, Zhao P, Shang C, Qi H, Ma Y, Gao C, Zhang D, Shen J, Lei Y, Jin Y, Lin P. Resveratrol and lycium barbarum polysaccharide improve Qinling giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca Qinlingensis) sperm quality during cryopreservation. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:23. [PMID: 34996430 PMCID: PMC8739993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semen cryopreservation has become an essential tool for conservation efforts of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); however, it is severely detrimental to sperm quality. Evidence has shown that antioxidants have the potential to reverse cryopreservation-induced damage in sperm. The purpose of this study was to screen effective antioxidants that could retain sperm quality during cryopreservation and to determine the optimal dose. Seven antioxidant groups, including resveratrol (RSV = 50 μM, RSV = 100 μM, RSV = 150 μM), lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LBP = 4 mg/mL), laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP = 1 mg/mL) or combination (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LJP = 1 mg/mL and RSV = 100 μM) were assessed. Results RSV, LBP, LJP, or a combination of RSV, LBP, and LJP added to the freezing medium significantly improved sperm progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity during the cryopreservation process. Furthermore, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also improved. The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in semen were notably reduced. Hyaluronidase activity and acrosin activity were significantly increased in LBP-treated sperm. However, sperm total motility and DNA integrity were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions RSV (50 μM) or LBP (2 mg/mL) are the best candidate antioxidants for inclusion in the freezing medium to improve the quality of giant panda spermatozoa during semen cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hemeng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Chunmei Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuxi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danhui Zhang
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Jiena Shen
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Yinghu Lei
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China.
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Sun L, He M, Wu C, Zhang S, Dai J, Zhang D. Beneficial Influence of Soybean Lecithin Nanoparticles on Rooster Frozen-Thawed Semen Quality and Fertility. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061769. [PMID: 34199159 PMCID: PMC8231592 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soy lecithin (SL) can be used in to prevent spermatozoa cryodamage during cryopreservation by mitigating the efflux of cholesterol or phospholipids, thus reducing the formation of intracellular ice crystals. SL nanoparticles (nano-SL) have a smaller particle size and higher solubilizing capacity as compared with those that have not undergone nanotreatment. Thus, they allow for a better interaction or coating of sperm, decreasing cold shock injury during freezing–thawing processes. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of nano-SL. In order to achieve this, we assessed the quality of frozen–thawed semen in vitro and in vivo. We found that a nano-SL dosage of 1.0% in the semen extender had an affirmative influence on post-thawing quality in roosters, improving various parameters related to sperm motion, protecting the membrane and acrosome integrities, increasing mitochondrial activity and antioxidant capacity, and reducing the oxidative stress caused by the cryopreservation process. Moreover, enrichment of 1.0% nano-SL in the semen extender improved the fertilizing capacity of rooster sperm after artificial insemination. Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of nano-soybean lecithin (SL) in the extender on sperm quality, sperm motion characteristics, and fertility outcomes of post-thawed rooster semen. Adult Ross broiler breeder roosters (n = 20) were subjected to semen collections twice a week for three weeks. At each collection, semen samples were pooled and allocated into five treatments corresponding to different nano-SL concentrations (control, SL0.5, SL1.0, SL1.5, and SL2.0). Sperm parameters, including motility (collected using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system), plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD); glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were evaluated. The fertility and hatchability obtained with frozen–thawed rooster semen supplemented with the optimum nano-SL concentration were assessed after artificial insemination. The results showed that the addition of 1% nano-SL into the extender led to a higher semen motility in roosters, improved plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and higher mitochondrial activity of post-thawed rooster semen in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). The MDA levels in the SL0.5 and SL1.0 groups were lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). TAC activities in SL0.5, SL1.0, and SL1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). It was observed that the concentration of SOD was higher in the SL1.0 group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The activity of GPx was not influenced in any of the cases (p > 0.05). Moreover, the percentages of fertility and hatchability in the SL1.0 group were higher (56.36% and 58.06%) than those in the control group (42.72% and 40.43%). In summary, the addition of nano-SL to the extenders enhanced the post-thawed semen quality and fertility of roosters by reducing the level of oxidative stress. The optimum nano-SL concentration was 1.0%. These results may be beneficial for improving the efficacy of semen cryopreservation procedures in poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Mengqian He
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shushan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Defu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (C.W.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (D.Z.)
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