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Kavian S, Powell-Palm MJ. Limits of pressure-based ice detection during isochoric vitrification. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104905. [PMID: 38759911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification under isochoric (constant-volume or volumetrically confined) conditions has emerged as an intriguing new cryopreservation modality, but the physical complexities of the process confound straight-forward interpretation of experimental results. In particular, the signature pressure-based ice detection used in many isochoric techniques becomes paradoxical during vitrification, wherein the emergence of a sharp increase in pressure reliably indicates the presence of ice, but avoidance of this increase does not necessarily indicate its absence. This phenomenon arises from the rich interplay between thermochemical and thermovolumetric effects in isochoric systems, and muddies efforts to confirm the degree to which a sample has vitrified. In this work, we seek to aid interpretation of isochoric vitrification experiments by calculating thermodynamic limits on the maximum amount of ice that may form without being detected by pressure, and by clarifying the myriad physical processes at play. Neglecting kinetic effects, we develop a simplified thermodynamic model accounting for thermal contraction, cavity formation, ice growth, solute ripening, and glass formation, we evaluate it for a range of chamber materials and solution compositions, and we validate against the acutely limited data available. Our results provide both counter-intuitive insights- lower-concentration solutions may contract less while producing more pressure-undetectable ice growth for example- and a general phenomenological framework by which to evaluate the process of vitrification in isochoric systems. We anticipate that the model herein will enable design of future isochoric protocols with minimized risk of pressure-undetectable ice formation, and provide a thermodynamic foundation from which to build an increasingly rigorous multi-physics understanding of isochoric vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Kavian
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA.
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77803, USA.
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Parker JT, Consiglio AN, Rubinsky B, Mäkiharju SA. Direct comparison of isobaric and isochoric vitrification of two aqueous solutions with photon counting X-ray computed tomography. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104839. [PMID: 38097056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1. Previous studies have only compared vitrification in isochoric systems with isobaric systems that have an exposed air-liquid interface. We use a movable piston to replicate the surface and thermal boundary conditions of the isochoric system yet maintain isobaric conditions. When controlling for the boundary conditions we find that similar ice and vapor volume fractions form during cooling in isochoric and isobaric conditions. Interestingly, we observe distinct ice and vapor cavity morphology in the isochoric systems, possibly due to vapor outgassing or cavitation as rapid cooling causes the pressure to drop in the confined systems. These observations highlight the array of thermal-fluid processes that occur during vitrification in confined aqueous systems and motivate the further application of imaging techniques such as photon counting X-ray CT in fundamental studies of vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Parker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Simo A Mäkiharju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Powell-Palm MJ, Henley EM, Consiglio AN, Lager C, Chang B, Perry R, Fitzgerald K, Daly J, Rubinsky B, Hagedorn M. Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals using isochoric vitrification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4859. [PMID: 37612315 PMCID: PMC10447501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Corals are under siege by both local and global threats, creating a worldwide reef crisis. Cryopreservation is an important intervention measure and a vital component of the modern coral conservation toolkit, but preservation techniques are currently limited to sensitive reproductive materials that can only be obtained a few nights per year during spawning. Here, we report the successful cryopreservation and revival of cm-scale coral fragments via mL-scale isochoric vitrification. We demonstrate coral viability at 24 h post-thaw using a calibrated oxygen-uptake respirometry technique, and further show that the method can be applied in a passive, electronics-free configuration. Finally, we detail a complete prototype coral cryopreservation pipeline, which provides a platform for essential next steps in modulating post-thaw stress and initiating long-term growth. These findings pave the way towards an approach that can be rapidly deployed around the world to secure the biological genetic diversity of our vanishing coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Powell-Palm
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - E Michael Henley
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA.
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claire Lager
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Brooke Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Riley Perry
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Kendall Fitzgerald
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science and Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
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