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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Ramírez-Lira MDJ, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Nutrient supplementation strategy improves cell concentration and longevity, monoclonal antibody production and lactate metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Bioengineered 2021; 11:463-471. [PMID: 32223359 PMCID: PMC7161567 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1744266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A careful selection of culture mediums and feeds has become necessary to maximize yields of recombinant proteins during bioprocesses of mammalian cells. Supplements contain a variety of concentrate nutrients, and their beneficial effects vary according to recombinant cell lines. In this study, the effects of PowerFeed A on growth kinetics, productivity and cellular metabolism were evaluated for two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody in a batch culture. Supplemented cultures increased integral viable cell density of CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells by 2.4 and 1.6 times through extension of culture time at which viability was above 90% in 72 and 36 h, respectively, and increment of maximal cell concentration in 3.25 × 106 cells/ml (69%) for CRL-12445 cells. Product titer augmented 1.9 and 2.5 times for CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells, respectively, without changes in growth rate and specific productivity. Feed supplementation also stimulated full consumption of glucose and free glutamine and reduced 10 times lactate accumulation, while ammonium, sodium and potassium remained at similar concentrations at the end of the culture. About 44% of calcium, mainly provided by feed, was consumed by both cell lines. Maximization of cellular growth, viability and protein titer through feeding encourages extending its use to other cell lines and exploring novel combinations with other basal mediums or feeds. A thorough investigation of its impact on protein quality and the molecular mechanisms behind these effects will allow designing effective feeds and strategies to rationally optimize protein production in the biomanufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - María de Jesús Ramírez-Lira
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
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Combe M, Sokolenko S. Quantifying the impact of cell culture media on CHO cell growth and protein production. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 50:107761. [PMID: 33945850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In recombinant protein production, cell culture media development and optimization is typically seen as a useful strategy to increase titer and cell density, reduce by-products, as well as improve product quality (with cell density and titer often serving as the primary reported outcome of media studies). However, despite the large number of media optimization studies, there have been few attempts to comprehensively assess the overall effectiveness of media additives. The aim of this review is therefore both to document published media optimization studies over the last twenty years (in the context of Chinese hamster ovary cell recombinant production) and quantitatively estimate the impact of this media optimization on cell culture performance. In considering 78 studies, we have identified 238 unique media components that have been supplemented over the last 20 years. Among these additives, trace elements stood out as having a positive impact on cell density while nucleotides show potential for increasing titer, with commercial supplements benefiting both. However, we also identified that the impact of specific additives is far more variable than often perceived. With relatively few media studies considering multiple cell lines or multiple basal media, teasing out consistent and general trends becomes a considerable challenge. By extracting cell density and titer values from all of the reviewed studies, we were able to build a mixed-effect model capable of estimating the relative impact of additives, cell line, product type, basal medium, cultivation method (flask or reactor), and feeding strategy (batch or fed-batch). Overall, additives only accounted for 3% of the variation in cell density and 1% of the variation in titer. Similarly, the impact of basal media was also relatively modest, at 10% for cell density and 0% for titer. Cell line, product type, and feeding strategy were all found to have more impact. These results emphasize the need for media studies to consider more factors to ensure that reported observations can be generalized and further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Combe
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stanislav Sokolenko
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Zhong X, Ma W, Meade CL, Tam AS, Llewellyn E, Cornell R, Cote K, Scarcelli JJ, Marshall JK, Tzvetkova B, Figueroa B, DiNino D, Sievers A, Lee C, Guo J, Mahan E, Francis C, Lam K, D'Antona AM, Zollner R, Zhu HL, Kriz R, Somers W, Lin L. Transient CHO expression platform for robust antibody production and its enhanced N-glycan sialylation on therapeutic glycoproteins. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2724. [PMID: 30299005 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale transient expression in mammalian cells is a rapid protein production technology often used to shorten overall timelines for biotherapeutics drug discovery. In this study we demonstrate transient expression in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host (ExpiCHO-S™) cell line capable of achieving high recombinant antibody expression titers, comparable to levels obtained using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. For some antibodies, ExpiCHO-S™ cells generated protein materials with better titers and improved protein quality characteristics (i.e., less aggregation) than those from HEK293. Green fluorescent protein imaging data indicated that ExpiCHO-S™ displayed a delayed but prolonged transient protein expression process compared to HEK293. When therapeutic glycoproteins containing non-Fc N-linked glycans were expressed in transient ExpiCHO-S™, the glycan pattern was unexpectedly found to have few sialylated N-glycans, in contrast to glycans produced within a stable CHO expression system. To improve N-glycan sialylation in transient ExpiCHO-S™, we co-transfected galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase genes along with the target genes, as well as supplemented the culture medium with glycan precursors. The authors have demonstrated that co-transfection of glycosyltransferases combined with medium addition of galactose and uridine led to increased sialylation content of N-glycans during transient ExpiCHO-S™ expression. These results have provided a scientific basis for developing a future transient CHO system with N-glycan compositions that are similar to those profiles obtained from stable CHO protein production systems. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2724, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Weijun Ma
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Caryl L Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Amy S Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Eliza Llewellyn
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Bioprocessing Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Dana DiNino
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Annette Sievers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Lee
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Jane Guo
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Evan Mahan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Francis
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Khetemenee Lam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Aaron M D'Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Zollner
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Hongli L Zhu
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Ron Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Will Somers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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Piletz JE, Drivon J, Eisenga J, Buck W, Yen S, McLin M, Meruvia W, Amaral C, Brue K. Human Cells Grown With or Without Substitutes for Fetal Bovine Serum. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179018755140. [PMID: 32634183 PMCID: PMC6172986 DOI: 10.1177/2155179018755140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Safety concerns over cell-derived pharmaceutical products being manufactured in
supplements of fetal bovine serum (FBS) have ignited pleas to replace FBS. Herein, four
newly marketed alternatives to FBS were compared: a xeno-free product called Cell-Ess®, a
human platelet lysate marketed as GroPro®, and two mixtures of adult bovine serum varying
in their proportions of neonatal growth factors, called Liporo® and FetalGro®. An
endothelial cell line (C2BBe1) and a neuronal cell line (SHSY5Y) near confluency in media
with 10% FBS were selectively scraped and taken through a 25-day step-wise algorithm to
replace FBS, and another human endothelial cell line (HRA-19) was studied to replicate
C2BBe1. Cells were stained, counted, and compared for viability, migration, and spheroids.
The C2BBe1 and HRA-19 cell lines failed to proliferate in 10% Cell-Ess® but grew in 10%
GroPro® or 10% FetalGro® reasonably well compared to reference 10% FBS. With SH-SY5Y, only
FetalGro® approached FBS's efficacy. These were all inferior to 11 different branded lots
of FBS (positive controls), but five days into switching just amongst the FBS brands, 4 of
11 supported less proliferation than reference FBS in endothelial HRA-19
(p < 0.004). Moreover, neurospheres were enriched in two branded
lots of FBS and FetalGro® (each p < 0.004), neurospheres being an
unwanted phenotype for any neuronal cell application. Because platelet-derived GroPro®
stood out amongst the non-FBS growth supplements to allow proliferation without inducing
spheroids, it seems the best (mindful that the cells still grew slower in it compared to
FBS). While no perfect replacement was found amongst the alternatives to FBS, the
algorithm for switching should be useful in future testing of new alternatives to FBS as
the need arises to switch from FBS and expand pharmaceutical products with safety for
human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Piletz
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Jennifer Drivon
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - John Eisenga
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Will Buck
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Sabrina Yen
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Megan McLin
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - William Meruvia
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Carolina Amaral
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Kellie Brue
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
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