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Frömke C, Kirstein M, Zapf A. A semiparametric approach for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies with multiple cut-offs. Res Synth Methods 2022; 13:612-621. [PMID: 35703066 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of a diagnostic test is often expressed using a pair of measures: sensitivity (proportion of test positives among all individuals with target condition) and specificity (proportion of test negatives among all individuals without target condition). If the outcome of a diagnostic test is binary, results from different studies can easily be summarized in a meta-analysis. However, if the diagnostic test is based on a discrete or continuous measure (e.g., a biomarker), several cut-offs within one study as well as among different studies are published. Instead of taking all information of the cut-offs into account in the meta-analysis, a single cut-off per study is often selected arbitrarily for the analysis, even though there are statistical methods for the incorporation of several cut-offs. For these methods, distributional assumptions have to be met and/or the models may not converge when specific data structures occur. We propose a semiparametric approach to overcome both problems. Our simulation study shows that the diagnostic accuracy is under-estimated, although this underestimation in sensitivity and specificity is relatively small. The comparative approach of Steinhauser et al. is better in terms of coverage probability, but may lead to convergence problems. In addition to the simulation results, we illustrate the application of the semiparametric approach using a published meta-analysis for a diagnostic test differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Frömke
- Department of Information and Communication, Faculty for Media, Information and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathia Kirstein
- Department of Information and Communication, Faculty for Media, Information and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Roy A, Harrar SW, Konietschke F. The nonparametric Behrens‐Fisher problem with dependent replicates. Stat Med 2019; 38:4939-4962. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Roy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas
| | | | - Frank Konietschke
- Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Anna‐Louisa‐Karsch‐Straße 2 10178 Berlin Germany
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Hong EK, Kim JH, Lee J, Yoo RE, Kim SC, Kim MJ, Park YJ, Chung EJ, Ryu YJ, Lee E, Kang KM, Yun TJ, Choi SH, Sohn CH. Diagnostic value of computed tomography combined with ultrasonography in detecting cervical recurrence in patients with thyroid cancer. Head Neck 2018; 41:1206-1212. [PMID: 30552732 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the diagnostic role of CT added to ultrasound for the diagnosis of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to evaluate potential benefits for patients. METHODS A total of 193 patients with recurrent DTC were retrospectively included. The diagnostic performances of ultrasound and combination of ultrasound and CT (ultrasound/CT) in detecting recurrence were compared. Benefits of CT were assessed based on the presence of any recurrence detected only with additional CT. RESULTS In detecting cervical recurrence, ultrasound/CT showed higher sensitivity (P = .001) and lower specificity (P < .001) than ultrasound alone, overall resulting in higher area under the curve (P < .001). Seventy-nine patients (40.9%) benefited from additional CT in detecting recurrence. CONCLUSION For reoperation of cervical recurrence in patients with DTC, addition of CT to ultrasound offers better surgical planning by enhancing detection of recurrent cancers that were overlooked with ultrasound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Hong
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Roh-Eul Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Chin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Konietschke F, Aguayo RR, Staab W. Simultaneous inference for factorial multireader diagnostic trials. Stat Med 2018; 37:28-47. [PMID: 28980323 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We study inference methods for the analysis of multireader diagnostic trials. In these studies, data are usually collected in terms of a factorial design involving the factors Modality and Reader. Furthermore, repeated measures appear in a natural way since the same patient is observed under different modalities by several readers and the repeated measures may have a quite involved dependency structure. The hypotheses are formulated in terms of the areas under the ROC curves. Currently, only global testing procedures exist for the analysis of such data. We derive rank-based multiple contrast test procedures and simultaneous confidence intervals which take the correlation between the test statistics into account. The procedures allow for testing arbitrary multiple hypotheses. Extensive simulation studies show that the new approaches control the nominal type 1 error rate very satisfactorily. A real data set illustrates the application of the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Konietschke
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 75080 Richardson, TX, U.S.A
| | - Randolph R Aguayo
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 75080 Richardson, TX, U.S.A
| | - Wieland Staab
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Zapf A, Hoyer A, Kramer K, Kuss O. Nonparametric meta-analysis for diagnostic accuracy studies. Stat Med 2015; 34:3831-41. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Zapf
- Department of Medical Statistics; University Medical Center Göttingen; Humboldtallee 32 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Annika Hoyer
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology; German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Auf'm Hennekamp 65 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Department of Medical Statistics; University Medical Center Göttingen; Humboldtallee 32 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Oliver Kuss
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology; German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Auf'm Hennekamp 65 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Lemponen R, Larocque D, Nevalainen J, Oja H. Weighted rank tests and Hodges–Lehmann estimates for the multivariate two-sample location problem with clustered data. J Nonparametr Stat 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10485252.2012.712693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tang LL, Liu A, Chen Z, Schisterman EF, Zhang B, Miao Z. Nonparametric ROC summary statistics for correlated diagnostic marker data. Stat Med 2012; 32:2209-20. [PMID: 23055248 DOI: 10.1002/sim.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We propose efficient nonparametric statistics to compare medical imaging modalities in multi-reader multi-test data and to compare markers in longitudinal ROC data. The proposed methods are based on the weighted area under the ROC curve, which includes the area under the curve and the partial area under the curve as special cases. The methods maximize the local power for detecting the difference between imaging modalities. We develop the asymptotic results of the proposed methods under a complex correlation structure. Our simulation studies show that the proposed statistics result in much better powers than existing statistics. We apply the proposed statistics to an endometriosis diagnosis study.
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Datta S, Nevalainen J, Oja H. A General Class of Signed Rank Tests for Clustered Data when the Cluster Size is Potentially Informative. J Nonparametr Stat 2012; 24:797-808. [PMID: 23074359 PMCID: PMC3467023 DOI: 10.1080/10485252.2012.672647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rank based tests are alternatives to likelihood based tests popularized by their relative robustness and underlying elegant mathematical theory. There has been a serge in research activities in this area in recent years since a number of researchers are working to develop and extend rank based procedures to clustered dependent data which include situations with known correlation structures (e.g., as in mixed effects models) as well as more general form of dependence.The purpose of this paper is to test the symmetry of a marginal distribution under clustered data. However, unlike most other papers in the area, we consider the possibility that the cluster size is a random variable whose distribution is dependent on the distribution of the variable of interest within a cluster. This situation typically arises when the clusters are defined in a natural way (e.g., not controlled by the experimenter or statistician) and in which the size of the cluster may carry information about the distribution of data values within a cluster.Under the scenario of an informative cluster size, attempts to use some form of variance adjusted sign or signed rank tests would fail since they would not maintain the correct size under the distribution of marginal symmetry. To overcome this difficulty Datta and Satten (2008; Biometrics, 64, 501-507) proposed a Wilcoxon type signed rank test based on the principle of within cluster resampling. In this paper we study this problem in more generality by introducing a class of valid tests employing a general score function. Asymptotic null distribution of these tests is obtained. A simulation study shows that a more general choice of the score function can sometimes result in greater power than the Datta and Satten test; furthermore, this development offers the user a wider choice. We illustrate our tests using a real data example on spinal cord injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannu Oja
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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