Nursing music intervention: A systematic mapping study

The Effect of Virtual Reality Practice and Music on Patients' Pain, Comfort, and Vital Signs After Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery

AIM

This research was conducted to identify the effect of virtual reality and music on patients' pain, comfort, and vital signs after laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

METHODS

This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial. The research population consisted of adult patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgery in surgery clinics. The research sample comprised 225 patients who had laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Experimental groups watched virtual reality videos and listened to music, whereas no intervention was administered to the control group. The research data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, the χ 2 test, the Friedman test, the one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey's and Dunn's post hoc tests.

FINDINGS

In the post-test phase after the 2 interventions, the virtual reality and music groups had lower pain and comfort levels than the control group, and this intergroup difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Results for vital signs in successively repeated post-test measurements after interventions were in general different, and these differences were statistically significant. Patients in the virtual reality group generally had higher pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature values in successively repeated post-test measurements than patients in other groups ( P <0.05). Patients in the control group generally had higher systolic blood pressure and saturation values in successively repeated post-test measurements than patients in other groups ( P <0.05).

CONCLUSION

It was discerned that music and the virtual reality practice reduced patients' pain and comfort levels and had positive effects on their vital signs after laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Systematic Review of Music Therapy and Musical Interventions for Patients with Moderate and Severe Mental Disorders

Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the impact of music therapy and musical interventions on neuropsychiatric outcomes among patients with moderate and severe mental disorders, in comparison with conventional treatment in isolation. Methods: The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted on November 16, 2021, using the following databases and search interfaces: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science; PubMed, PsycINFO, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies using critical appraisal tools. Results: In total, 17 studies were included, 9 of which were randomized controlled trials. The experimental studies involved 5,082 adult and elderly patients. The most prevalent symptoms assessed in the studies were anxiety, depression, and positive and negative symptoms of psychotic disorders. Music interventions were predominantly conducted by music therapists and nurses, providing passive interventions with the selection of musical repertoire by therapists and patients. The frequency with which musical interventions occurred varied greatly in terms of session duration, number of times per week, and number of times during the day. The identified study designs included clinical and quasi-experimental studies. In terms of methodological quality, clinical studies showed weaknesses regarding deviations from intended interventions. Conclusion: The effectiveness of music therapy and musical interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with moderate and severe mental disorders was evident in quasi-experimental and clinical studies with satisfactory methodological quality. Musical interventions, in various forms of application, represent an interdisciplinary therapeutic tool that complements and enhances conventional treatment. Unlike conventional treatments, the immersive and integrative nature of music interventions allows access to both intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions during periods of psychic suffering. These findings highlight the importance of researchers addressing methodological limitations, such as deviations from intended interventions, and advocate for the expansion the use of music in community treatment settings.

The effect of receptive music therapy on older adults with mild cognitive impairment and depression: a randomized controlled trial

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a receptive music therapy intervention on cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Wuhan, China. Eighty older adults, over 65, who had MCI and depression symptoms were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received usual nursing care plus receptive music therapy intervention four times a week, for eight weeks; the control group received usual nursing care during the same period. The linear regression analysis was used to compare the difference between groups. There was a significant difference in the intervention group for the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of cognitive function and depression. There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the study period and a significant between-group difference in both cognitive function and depression. In conclusion, receptive music therapy intervention significantly improved cognitive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. It could be widely used in communities and nursing homes to improve the quality of life of older adults.

Exploring the effect of music therapy as intervention to reduce anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery: A quantitative systematic review

AIM

Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may experience psychological complications, which can increase mortality. This review aims to explore the efficacy of music therapy as an intervention to reduce anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery.

DESIGN

This was a quantitative systematic review registered in PROSPERO (REDACTED).

METHODS

This review used the PECOD framework to identify quantitative questions. We systematically searched seven electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, PsycArticles, and PsycInfo) for articles published between 1 January 1992 and 13 July 2022. Studies were critically appraised, and the results of this systematic review yielded a narrative summary of the findings.

RESULTS

Four randomized control trials and one quasi-experimental study published in English were included in the review. Narrative analysis indicated that patients undergoing CABG who were assigned to the group receiving music therapy reported significantly reduced anxiety levels compared with controls who did not listen to music. In addition, music therapy can effectively be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to manage anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery. No members of the public or patients were involved in the design or conduct of the study.

Effects of mother-sung lullabies on vaccination-induced infant pain and maternal anxiety: A randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mother-sung lullabies during vaccination on vaccine-induced pain in infants and anxiety in mothers.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Our team conducted a randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups between March 4, 2020 and August 28, 2020, at two family health centers in Turkey. This study included 60 healthy-term infants (lullaby group: 30, control group: 30) aged two months, who received the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and their mothers. We used the Information Form, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale, the Intervention Follow-Up Form (including heart rate, oxygen saturation, and crying duration), and the State Anxiety Inventory as data collection tools.

RESULTS

Infants in the lullaby group had significantly decreased pain responses than those in the control group (p < .05). Further, singing a lullaby resulted in significantly reduced maternal anxiety in the lullaby group compared to the control group (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The lullaby singing method was effective for reducing infants' pain response and mothers' anxiety during vaccination.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

The lullaby method can be used to reduce pain during potentially painful procedures performed in infants and reduce anxiety in mothers. The study is registered under the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04692584.

Use of Musical Intervention in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Developing Country: A Pilot Pre–Post Study

Music is frequently used in different clinical settings, and it is implemented as a complementary, low-cost and useful intervention to reduce pain, anxiety and to improve relaxation. This pilot pre–post study aimed to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a specific musical intervention in patients ≤16 years admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of an Iraqi hospital. The COMFORT Behavior Scale (CBS) was used by nurses to assess the level of sedation. Fifty-nine children were enrolled during the study period (March 2020–August 2021). CBS was lowered by 2.2 (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.6) points after 30 min, and by 3.3 (95% CI: 2.9 to 3.6) points after 60 min from music initiation. Thirty minutes after music initiation, heart rate decreased by 6.3 (95% CI: 4.5 to 8.1) beats per minute, whereas at 60 min, heart rate decreased by 9.1 (95% CI: 7.2 to 10.9) beats per minute. No clinically significant variations were detected in the other vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation). These findings support the feasibility of musical intervention in a developing country. CBS and heart rate variation may be worth following up in larger and conclusive studies.

The effect of music interventions on chronic pain experienced by older adults: A systematic review

PURPOSE

To synthesize results from multiple studies to determine the effects of music interventions on chronic pain in older adults.

DESIGN

This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline to identify and select studies.

METHODS

Relevant studies were identified from nine electronic databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists were employed to assess methodological quality. All authors performed screening, data extraction, and synthesis. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials investigating music for chronic pain in older adults aged 65 and older.

FINDINGS

Eight studies involving 524 older adults were included, comprising five randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies. Music interventions consisted of live music, recorded music, and active music, with a variety of music styles and genres. Despite the small and short-term effects, five studies presented significantly positive outcomes for reducing chronic pain and its common comorbidities in older adults following music interventions. Three studies reported decreased trends in pain scores although they did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

Music has potential to be an effective adjuvant for managing chronic pain in older adults.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Nurses can incorporate music into the care of older adults with chronic pain.

Oficina musical participativa para o Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Psicológico de usuários em internação psiquiátrica

Resumo Objetivo identificar as contribuições de uma intervenção musical participativa sobre o Bem-Estar Psicológico e Subjetivo na assistência da enfermagem de usuários com transtorno mental grave e persistente durante a internação. Método pesquisa quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, realizada em uma instituição hospitalar do estado de São Paulo. Dez usuários em internação psiquiátrica participaram das quatro oficinas musicais. O repertório atendeu às suas preferências e foram distribuídos instrumentos musicais para promover a participação. Aplicou-se a escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico e dos Afetos Positivos e Negativos ao início e ao término de cada oficina. Os dados foram analisados considerando Intervalo de Confiança de 95%. Resultados não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os valores encontrados antes e depois das oficinas musicais para as variáveis do Bem-Estar e Afetos Positivos e Negativos. Os desfechos do Bem-Estar Subjetivo foram mais lineares quando comparados ao Bem-Estar Psicológico, observando-se aumento nos afetos positivos e diminuição dos afetos negativos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a oficina musical participativa favorece o bem-estar subjetivo de usuários com transtornos mentais graves e persistentes. Essa intervenção correspondeu a uma tecnologia leve potencial para a enfermagem atuar de modo autônomo e qualificado no cuidado psicoemocional do usuário na internação psiquiátrica.

Registered nurses' awareness, acceptability and use of music for the management of pain and anxiety in clinical practice

BACKGROUND

and purpose: The use of music is increasingly being recommended for the management of patients' pain and anxiety by healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to examine registered nurses (RNs)' awareness, acceptability and actual use of music for the management of patients' pain and anxiety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected using a mailed questionnaire.

RESULTS

RNs were aware of the use of music for managing pain (4.42 ± 2.08, possible range 1-7) and anxiety (4.97 ± 1.85, possible range 1-7), and perceived use of music as low-to-moderately acceptable (mean scores ranging from 1.48 to 3.87, possible range 0-4). Further, 46% (n = 69) of RNs reported using music in their practice.

CONCLUSION

RNs have a moderate level of awareness and a low-to-moderate level of acceptability of music, with nearly half reporting use of music for managing patients' pain and anxiety in practice.

Music Interventions in Percutaneous Coronary Procedures: A Meta-Analysis

To clarify the effectiveness of music intervention for improving the well-being of patients undergoing coronary procedures for coronary heart disease, we conducted full-text searches of various databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Airiti Library; 1966-2019) to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of music intervention in recipients of angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. Outcome measures included anxiety, discomfort, pain, heart rate, and blood pressure. The Cochrane methodology, Jadad Quality Score, and ROBINS-I were employed to evaluate evidence from 10 studies. Music intervention reduced anxiety (effect size: Z = 2.15, p = .03; six studies) and discomfort of lying (Z = 2.40, p = .02; two studies), but did not affect pain (Z = 0.94; two studies), heart rate (Z = 0.94; five studies), or blood pressure (systolic, Z = 1.27; diastolic, Z = 1.32; four studies) (all p > .05). The heterogeneity among studies was high. Large-scale, transcultural, high-quality trials are warranted to confirm the benefit of music intervention in patients undergoing coronary procedures.

Advancing Well-Being and Health of Elderly with Integrative Nursing Principles

There is a need for holistic care for the survival of the elderly, to increase their independence in their daily life activities, to improve their health and their well-being in order to ensure a healthy aging. Integrative nursing principles are a field of application of holistic philosophy and may be a guide to health professionals in improving the health of individuals, families and communities. These principles were first announced in 2014, and have been described as a health approach that takes the individual, family and society as a whole together with their environment and relationships and adopts the principle of using all the healing methods in health care. Integrative nursing principles can be used as a guide to holistic assessment and improvement of the health of the elderly. Interventions who take care of them with the environment they live in (home visits), support their existing healing process (focusing to patient during nursing care), benefit from the healing effect of the nature (spending time in nature), strengthen the relationship (mobilization of the social environment) and use all evidence-based healing methods (yoga, tai chi) should be included in the care of elderly individuals. Health professionals should learn integrative nursing principles and care for these principles in order to improve the health and well-being of the elderly. Giving care according to integrative nursing principles can increase the quality of life of the elderly and reduce health spending.