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Mandal S, Ghosh S, Das AD, Biswas B, Palanisamy C, Guha N, Maiti S, Dutta S, Singh NK, Koley M, Saha S. Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Replication Trial with 6 Months' Follow-up. HOMEOPATHY 2023; 112:251-261. [PMID: 36882111 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease that can have a significant impact on quality of life. During the last four decades, a rising trend in AD has been observed in India. Homeopathic medicines are claimed to be beneficial in AD; however, convincing research evidence has been lacking. We compared the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) against placebos in the treatment of AD. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 6 months' duration (n = 60), adult patients were randomized to receive either IHMs (n = 30) or identical-looking placebos (n = 30). All participants received concomitant conventional care, which included the application of olive oil and maintaining local hygiene. The primary outcome measure was disease severity using the Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) scale; secondary outcomes were the Atopic Dermatitis Burden Scale for Adults (ADBSA) and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) - all were measured at baseline and every month, up to 6 months. Group differences were calculated on the intention-to-treat sample. RESULTS After 6 months of intervention, inter-group differences became statistically significant on PO-SCORAD, the primary outcome (-18.1; 95% confidence interval, -24.0 to -12.2), favoring IHMs against placebos (F 1, 52 = 14.735; p <0.001; two-way repeated measures analysis of variance). Inter-group differences for the secondary outcomes favored homeopathy, but were overall statistically non-significant (ADBSA: F 1, 52 = 0.019; p = 0.891; DLQI: F 1, 52 = 0.692; p = 0.409). CONCLUSION IHMs performed significantly better than placebos in reducing the severity of AD in adults, though the medicines had no overall significant impact on AD burden or DLQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Mandal
- Department of Materia Medica, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Aakash Deep Das
- Department of Repertory, JIMS Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Shamshabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Repertory, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikash Biswas
- Department of Repertory, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Howrah, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Homoeopathic Medical Officer, Rajganj State Homoeopathic Dispensary, Rajganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chithra Palanisamy
- Department of Repertory, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjana Guha
- Department of Materia Medica, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Shukdeb Maiti
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Howrah, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Elimination Program Wing, Imambara Sadar Hospital, Hooghly, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Dutta
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Navin Kumar Singh
- Department of Repertory, The Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Munmun Koley
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, East Bishnupur State Homoeopathic Dispensary, Chandi Daulatabad Block Primary Health Centre, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Subhranil Saha
- Department of Repertory, D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Dey S, Shaikh AR, Saha S, Agrawal E, Gautam AK, Karuppusamy A, Sadhukhan S, Dutta S, Ali SS, Basu A, Koley M, Saha S. Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Preliminary Trial. Complement Med Res 2021; 29:17-26. [PMID: 33857943 DOI: 10.1159/000516026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individualized homeopathy (IH) in atopic dermatitis (AD) remained under-researched. OBJECTIVE We aimed at evaluating efficacy of IH in AD. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, short-term, preliminary trial was conducted in an Indian homeopathy hospital. Patients were randomized to either IH (n = 30) or identical-looking placebo (n = 30) using computerized randomization and allocation. Outcomes were patient-oriented scoring of AD (PO-SCORAD; primary end point), Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, and AD burden score for adults (ADBSA; secondary end points), measured monthly for 3 months. An intention-to-treat sample was analyzed after adjusting baseline differences. RESULTS On PO-SCORAD, improvement was higher in IH against placebo, but nonsignificant statistically (pmonth 1 = 0.433, pmonth 2 = 0.442, pmonth 3 = 0.229). Secondary outcomes were also nonsignificant - both DLQI and ADBSA (p > 0.05). Four adverse events (diarrhea, injury, common cold) were recorded. CONCLUSIONS There was a small, but nonsignificant direction of effect towards homeopathy, which renders the trial inconclusive. A properly powered robust trial is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Dey
- Department of Repertory, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Abdur Rahaman Shaikh
- D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Sangita Saha
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Ekta Agrawal
- Department. of Repertory, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gautam
- Department. of Repertory, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Avaranjika Karuppusamy
- Department of Materia Medica, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Satarupa Sadhukhan
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Dutta
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Swaif Ali
- Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Howrah, India
| | - Anamika Basu
- Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Howrah, India
| | - Munmun Koley
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, State National Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Subhranil Saha
- Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal (affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Government of West Bengal), Kolkata, India,
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Adverse effects in homeopathy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:114-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bergquist PE. Therapeutic Homeopathy. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Long-term treatment with low-dose medicine in chronic childhood eczema: a double-blind two-stage randomized control trial. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:78. [PMID: 28874171 PMCID: PMC5585968 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of low-dose medicine (LDM) in childhood mild/moderate eczema is not known. We conducted a double-blind, two-stage, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, lasting 23 months, to address this issue. METHOD Eighty children with chronic mild/moderate eczema were randomly allocated to Group A (placebo) or Group B (treatment group; Galium-Heel®, a low-dose multicomponent medicine based upon natural substances; Guna-Interleukin 12 and Guna-Interferon-γ administered twice a day for six non-consecutive months for each stage). LDM is characterized by the use of biological molecules, such as cytokines, neuropeptides, growth factors, hormones at very low concentrations, which correspond to physiological levels within the human body. The dosage of the cytokines used in this trial (IFN-γ and IL-12) is 10 fg/ml. The SCORAD index was evaluated by the same operator: subjects with a SCORAD index below 20 were considered to have mild eczema (61/80; mean: 10.79), whereas a SCORAD index between 20-50 indicated moderate eczema (19/80; mean: 26.84). The data of 66/80 children were analyzed in stage 1 and those of 62/66 children in stage 2. The primary outcome measure was reduction of eczema severity assessed by the SCORAD index. Secondary outcomes were disease-free interval, and treatment safety and tolerability. RESULTS The decrease in disease severity was greater in Group B than in Group A already in stage 1 (a decrease 63.9% versus 53.2%), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.16). Moreover, subjective symptoms (itching and sleep disturbances) initially decreased and then worsened in Group A, whereas itching decreased linearly and sleep disturbances decreased significantly (p=0.049) in Group B. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence suggests potential benefit, but further work is needed to validate this approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with EudraCT number 2010-018640-13 through the database of the National Clinical Trials Monitoring Centre Database (Osservatorio delle Sperimentazioni Cliniche, OsSC) of the Italian Medicines Agency.
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Haresnape C. An exploration of the relationship between placebo and homeopathy and the implications for clinical trial design. JRSM SHORT REPORTS 2013; 4:2042533313490927. [PMID: 24040505 PMCID: PMC3767074 DOI: 10.1177/2042533313490927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Placebo appears to be a real neurobiological phenomenon that has evolved through the selection pressure to be able to heal ourselves. The complex language and social structures of humans means that we can attribute meaning to therapeutic encounters with culturally sanctioned authority figures and we can use our attachment to such figures to generate hope for recovery. Different mechanisms may be involved in the neurobiological aspect of placebo including anxiety, learning, conditioning as well as individual genetic variation. Examination of the published work shows that while some trials do seem to indicate a specific mode of action for homeopathic remedies other trials do not and this is an issue that needs to be addressed at the trial design stage. A clinical trial that includes both a placebo group and a non-participating control arm is the most powerful design for separating the non-specific and polymorphic placebo effect from the specific effects of trial medication. The control variables in a trial of homeopathic medication should also include the process of consultation as this may assume a meaning for the individual that can also be associated with a placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Haresnape
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Roll S, Reinhold T, Pach D, Brinkhaus B, Icke K, Staab D, Jäckel T, Wegscheider K, Willich SN, Witt CM. Comparative effectiveness of homoeopathic vs. conventional therapy in usual care of atopic eczema in children: long-term medical and economic outcomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54973. [PMID: 23383019 PMCID: PMC3561412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in five children visiting a homeopathic physician suffers from atopic eczema. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the long-term effectiveness, safety and costs of homoeopathic vs. conventional treatment in usual medical care of children with atopic eczema. METHODS In this prospective multi-centre comparative observational non-randomized rater-blinded study, 135 children (48 homoeopathy, 87 conventional) with mild to moderate atopic eczema were included by their respective physicians. Depending on the specialisation of the physician, the primary treatment was either standard conventional treatment or individualized homeopathy as delivered in routine medical care. The main outcome was the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) at 36 months by a blinded rater. Further outcomes included quality of life, conventional medicine consumption, safety and disease related costs at six, 12 and 36 months after baseline. A multilevel ANCOVA was used, with physician as random effect and the following fixed effects: age, gender, baseline value, severity score, social class and parents' expectation. RESULTS The adjusted mean SCORAD showed no significant differences between the groups at 36 months (13.7 95% CI [7.9-19.5] vs. 14.9 [10.4-19.4], p = 0.741). The SCORAD response rates at 36 months were similar in both groups (33% response: homoeopathic 63.9% vs. conventional 64.5%, p = 0.94; 50% response: 52.0% vs. 52.3%, p = 0.974). Total costs were higher in the homoeopathic versus the conventional group (months 31-36 200.54 Euro [132.33-268.76] vs. 68.86 Euro [9.13-128.58], p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Taking patient preferences into account, while being unable to rule out residual confounding, in this long-term observational study, the effects of homoeopathic treatment were not superior to conventional treatment for children with mild to moderate atopic eczema, but involved higher costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Roll
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Reinhold
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Pach
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Icke
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Staab
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Jäckel
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan N. Willich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia M. Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Prospective observational study of 42 patients with atopic dermatitis treated with homeopathic medicines. HOMEOPATHY 2012; 101:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bergquist PE. Therapeutic Homeopathy. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Simonart T, Kabagabo C, De Maertelaer V. Homoeopathic remedies in dermatology: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:897-905. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Simonart
- Private Practice, av. Gounod 27, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Kabagabo
- Private Practice, av. Gounod 27, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V. De Maertelaer
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics & IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Thompson EA, Bishop JL, Northstone K. The use of homeopathic products in childhood: data generated over 8.5 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:69-79. [PMID: 20105063 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about the use of homeopathic products (HP) in children. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based cohort in the South-West of England, has collected homeopathic data through self-completion questionnaires posted to the mother at regular time points throughout childhood. The aim of this article is to describe the use of these products in a large cohort of children from birth to 8.5 years of age. METHODS Questions asked about the use of HP within a preceding time period at seven time points from birth to 8.5 years of age. Additional questions at 18 and 81 months asked about the conditions treated and at 81 months who had prescribed the HP. RESULTS Eleven and eight-tenths percent (11.8%) of this cohort used a HP at least once up to 8.5 years of age. Chamomilla for teething and Arnica for soft-tissue bruising were the most commonly used products. The most frequently prescribed products were for common self-limiting infantile conditions such as colic, cuts and bruises, and teething. Parents were most likely at 81 months to prescribe HP for their children (46.3% of all prescription sources) and 10% of products were prescribed by general practitioners. Confusion about what constituted a HP was present in nearly 10% of answers. CONCLUSIONS No other study, to our knowledge, has been able to map the use of HP over such a long time period in such a large cohort of children. The amount of HP use reflects a significant minority of the population who use complementary and alternative medicine treatments to manage the health of their family. Health care professionals should be aware of the confusion surrounding HP and have knowledge around some of the more commonly used HP. Parents and carers are using homeopathy wisely with appropriate remedies consistently used for acute problems. Research could focus on greater information delivery to the community and monitoring of potential health and cost benefits, or side-effects of the use of HP for acute and chronic conditions in children.
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Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), more recently known as integrative health or integrative medicine, is a diverse field comprising numerous treatments and practitioners of various levels of training. This review defines several of the main CAM modalities and reviews some of the research relevant to their clinical application. The goal is to provide healthcare providers with a basic understanding of CAM to start the incorporation of proven treatments into their clinical practice as well as guide them to working with CAM providers; ultimately, such knowledge is a fundamental part of a collaborative approach to optimal patient health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiefer
- Clinical Faculty, Bastyr Center for Natural Health, 3670 Stone Way Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
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Warner-Czyz AD, Loy B, Roland PS, Tong L, Tobey EA. Parent versus child assessment of quality of life in children using cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73:1423-9. [PMID: 19674798 PMCID: PMC2891383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with hearing loss who use cochlear implants have lower quality of life (QoL) in social situations and lower self-esteem than hearing peers. The child's QoL has been assessed primarily by asking the parent rather than asking the child. This poses a problem because parents have difficulty judging less observable aspects like self-esteem and socio-emotional functioning, the domains most affected by hearing loss. METHODS This case-control study evaluated QoL in 50 preschoolers using a cochlear implant and their parents with the Kiddy KINDL(®), an established QoL measure. Children's responses were compared to a hearing control group and correlated with demographic variables. We used a questionnaire for parents and a face-to-face interview with children. T-tests were used to compare (a) paired parent-child ratings and (b) children with cochlear implants versus normal hearing. Pearson rank correlations were used to compare QoL with demographic variables. RESULTS Children using cochlear implants rated overall QoL significantly more positively than their parents (M(Difference)=4.22, p=.03). Child rating of QoL did not differ significantly by auditory status (cochlear implant (82.8) vs. hearing (80.8), p=.42). Overall QoL correlated inversely with cochlear implant experience and chronologic age, but did not correlate with implantation age. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children using cochlear implants can assess adequately their own QoL, but parents afford valuable complementary perspective on the child's socio-emotional and physical well-being. Preschool children using cochlear implants rate overall QoL measures similar to hearing peers. A constellation of QoL measures should be collected to yield a better understanding of general QoL as well as specific domains centered on hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Warner-Czyz
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Callier Advanced Hearing Research Center, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235,The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003,Dallas Cochlear Implant Program, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Betty Loy
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003,Dallas Cochlear Implant Program, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Peter S. Roland
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Callier Advanced Hearing Research Center, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235,The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003,Dallas Cochlear Implant Program, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Liyue Tong
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003
| | - Emily A. Tobey
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Callier Advanced Hearing Research Center, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235,The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003,Dallas Cochlear Implant Program, Dallas, Texas 75235
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