1
|
Tao S, Yu L, Li J, Shao M, Yang D, Wu J, Xue T, Huang X. Comparative efficacy of eight oral Chinese patent medicines for dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:222. [PMID: 39217375 PMCID: PMC11365150 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are widely used in China as an adjuvant treatment in dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure (DCM-HF). However, comprehensive and systematic evidence supporting the beneficial effects of CPMs combined with current complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments against DCM-HF was limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess and rank the relative efficacy of eight different CPMs for DCM-HF. METHODS To retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the use of CPMs combined with CAM for DCM-HF, the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science Periodical Database (CSPD), Chinese Citation Database (CCD), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and ClinicalTrials.gov were comprehensively searched from their inception to 29 February 2024. The quality of the included RCTs was examined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, version 2.0 (RoB 2). Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the relative efficacy. Bayesian network meta-analysis was designed to assess the efficacy of different CPMs. RESULTS After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 77 eligible RCTs involving 6980 patients were enrolled. The outcomes assessed included clinical effectiveness rate (CER), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), 6-min walk test (6MWT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac output (CO). The results of the NMA indicated that Qili Qiangxin capsule (QLQX), Wenxin granule (WX), Tongxinluo capsule (TXL), Qishen Yiqi dropping pill (QSYQ), Shexiang Baoxin pill (SXBX), Yangxinshi tablet (YXST), Yixinshu capsule (YXSC), and Getong Tongluo capsule (GTTL) combined with CAM significantly improved performance compared with CAM alone in treating DCM-HF. YXST + CAM (MD = - 9.93, 95% CI - 12.83 to - 7.03) had the highest probability of being the best treatment on account of the enhancement of LVEF. WX + CAM had the highest likelihood of being the best treatment considering the improvement in LVEDD (MD = - 11.7, 95% CI - 15.70 to - 7.79) and 6MWT (MD = - 51.58, 95% CI - 73.40 to - 29.76). QLQX + CAM (MD = - 158.59, 95% CI - 267.70 to - 49.49) had the highest likelihood of being the best intervention for the reduction in BNP. TXL + CAM (MD = - 0.93, 95% CI - 1.46 to - 0.40) might be the optimal choice for increasing CO levels in DCM-HF patients. No serious treatment-emergent adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION This NMA suggested that adding CPMs to the current CAM treatment exerted a more positive effect on DCM-HF. Thereinto, QLQX + CAM, TXL + CAM, WX + CAM, and YXST + CAM showed a preferable improvement in patients with DCM-HF when unified considering the clinical effectiveness rate and other outcomes. Furthermore, due to the lack of information on CPMs against DCM-HF and the uneven distribution of included studies among interventions, more high-quality studies are needed to provide more robust evidence to support our findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42023482669).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lintong Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingjing Shao
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuang Yang
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanchun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang A, Song Q, Li Y, Fang H, Ma X, Li Y, Wei B, Pan C. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on metabolism disturbance in ischemic heart diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118143. [PMID: 38583735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic heart diseases (IHD), characterized by metabolic dysregulation, contributes majorly to the global morbidity and mortality. Glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism are critical energy production for cardiomyocytes, and disturbances of these metabolism lead to the cardiac injury. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), widely used for treating IHD, have been demonstrated to effectively and safely regulate the cardiac metabolism reprogramming. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the disturbed cardiac metabolism induced by IHD and development of formulas, extracts, single herb, bioactive compounds of TCM ameliorating IHD injury via metabolism regulation, with the aim of providing a basis for the development of clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in IHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "ischemic heart disease", "myocardial infarction", "myocardial ischemia", "metabolomics", "Chinese medicine", "herb", "extracts" "medicinal plants", "glucose", "lipid metabolism", "amino acid" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science, and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS IHD exhibits a close association with metabolism disorders, including but not limited to glycolysis, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acids, fatty acid β-oxidation, ketone body metabolism, sphingolipid and glycerol-phospholipid metabolism. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these disturbed cardiac metabolisms. Additionally, the active ingredients of TCM have depicted wonderful effects in cardiac metabolism reprogramming in IHD. CONCLUSION Drawing from the principles of TCM, we have pinpointed specific herbal remedies for the treatment of IHD, and leveraged advanced metabolomics technologies to uncover the effect of these TCMs on metabolomics alteration. In the future, further clinical experimental studies should be included to explore whether more TCM medicines can play a therapeutic role in IHD by reversing cardiac metabolism disorders; multi-omics would be conducted to explore more pathways and genes targeting such metabolism reprogramming by TCMs, and to seek more TCM therapies for IHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Qiubin Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Chengxue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao Q, Xiao G, Wang T, Zhang L, Yu M, Peng L, Han L, Du X, Han W, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Identification of linoleic acid as an antithrombotic component of Wenxin Keli via selective inhibition of p-selectin-mediated platelet activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
4
|
Tongmai Yangxin Pill combined with metoprolol or metoprolol alone for the treatment of symptomatic premature ventricular complex: a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical study. J Geriatr Cardiol 2022; 19:284-291. [PMID: 35572220 PMCID: PMC9068592 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tongmai Yangxin Pill (TMYXP) combined with metoprolol tartrate or metoprolol alone for the treatment of premature ventricular complex (PVC) in patients with symptomatic frequent PVC. METHODS A total of 584 patients with symptomatic frequent PVC were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) into two groups: study group [n = 292, TMYXP (40 pills twice/day, orally) combined with metoprolol tartrate (25 mg twice/day, orally)] and control group [n = 292, metoprolol tartrate (25 mg twice/day, orally) plus placebo pill (40 pills twice/day, orally)]. The total treatment period was eight weeks. RESULTS After eight weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of reduction of PVC in the study group and the control group were 76.4% and 51.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). TMYXP combined with metoprolol tartrate demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of the frequency of PVCs compared with the metoprolol tartrate alone (-4537 times/24 h vs. -3013 times/24 h, P < 0.001). The study group also showed a better result compared with the control group with respect to PVC related symptoms. In terms of New York Heart Association classification improvement, the total effective rates were 21.9% in the study group and 12.4% in the control group ( P < 0.05). Both the study group and the control group exhibited improvements in echocardiographic indexes. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved in the study group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with metoprolol tartrate alone, TMYXP combined with metoprolol tartrate could more effectively reduce the frequency of PVC and alleviated PVC related symptoms, and improve cardiac function in patients with symptomatic PVC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction for Ventricular Premature Contraction: A Real-World Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5358467. [PMID: 32351995 PMCID: PMC7171618 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5358467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction (DFD) is widely clinically used for ventricular premature contraction (VPC). This real-word trial was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of DFD for VPC. Methods This was a double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients with VPC were randomized (1 : 1) to treatment with DFD combined with metoprolol (DFD arm) or metoprolol combined with placebo (MET arm). A primary end point was a composite of clinical symptoms and signs determined by the traditionalChinese medicine syndrome score and the number of VPC determined by the Holter examination. Second outcomes were adverse events, medication compliance, and laboratory examination. Results 144 patients were randomized to DFD arm (76 patients) or MET arm (68 patients), and 136 cases (71 in DFD arm and 65 in MET arm) finally completed this trial. After a 12-week follow-up, DFD arm significantly decreased traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score and the number of VPC compared with MET arm (P = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). There was no adverse drug effect and patient medication compliance was good. Conclusions Superiority with DFD arm for VPC was demonstrated over MET arm for both the safety and effectiveness end points.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Chen X, Zhao X, Zhao B, Qian K, Shi Y, Baruscotti M, Wang Y. Screening and Identification of Cardioprotective Compounds From Wenxin Keli by Activity Index Approach and in vivo Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1288. [PMID: 30483130 PMCID: PMC6243390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wenxin Keli (WXKL) is a widely used Chinese botanical drug for the treatment of arrhythmia, which is consisted of four herbs and amber. In the present study, we analyzed the chemical composition of WXKL using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to tentatively identify 71 compounds. Through typical separate procession, the total extract of WXKL was divided into fractions for further bioassays. Cardiomyocytes and zebrafish larvae were applied for assessment. In vivo arrhythmia model in Cmlc2-GFP transgenic zebrafish was induced by terfenadine, which exhibited obvious reduction of heart rate and occurrence of atrioventricular block. Dynamic beating of heart was recorded by fluorescent microscope and sensitive camera to automatically recognize the rhythm of heartbeat in zebrafish larvae. By integrating the chemical information of WXKL and corresponding bioactivities of these fractions, activity index (AI) of each identified compound was calculated to screen potential active compounds. The results showed that dozens of compounds including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, notoginsenoside R1, lobetyolin, and lobetyolinin were contributed to cardioprotective effects of WXKL. The anti-arrhythmic activities of five compounds were further validated in larvae model and mature zebrafish by measuring electrocardiogram (ECG). Our findings provide a successful example for rapid discovery of bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by activity index based approach coupled with in vivo zebrafish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechun Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buchang Zhao
- Shandong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Heze, China
| | - Ke Qian
- Shandong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Heze, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Shandong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Heze, China
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Bioscienze, The PaceLab, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian G, Sun Y, Liu S, Li C, Chen S, Qiu R, Zhang X, Li Y, Li M, Shang H. Therapeutic Effects of Wenxin Keli in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Experimental and Mechanism Overview. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1005. [PMID: 30233380 PMCID: PMC6134428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality on a global basis. Wenxin Keli (WXKL), a formally classical Chinese patent medicine with obvious efficacy and favorable safety, plays a great role in the management of patients with CVDs. Accumulating evidence from various animal and cell studies has showed that WXKL could protect myocardium and anti-arrhythmia against CVDs. WXKL exhibited its cardioprotective roles by inhibiting inflammatory reaction, decreasing oxidative stress, regulating vasomotor disorders, lowering cell apoptosis, and protection against endothelial injure, myocardial ischemia, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Besides, WXKL could effectively shorten the QRS and Q-T intervals, decrease the incidence of atrial/ventricular fibrillation and the number of ventricular tachycardia episodes, improve the severity of arrhythmias by regulating various ion channels with different potencies, mainly comprising peak sodium current (INa), late sodium current (INaL), transient outward potassium current (Ito), L-type calcium current (ICaL), and pacemaker current (If).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Tian
- Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youping Li
- Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng R, Tian G, Zhang Q, Wu L, Xing Y, Shang H. Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Wenxin Keli-Amiodarone Combination on Heart Failure Complicated by Ventricular Arrhythmia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:487. [PMID: 29875671 PMCID: PMC5974952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate possible adverse effects and efficacy of Wenxin keli (WXKL)-amiodarone combination on heart failure complicated by ventricular arrhythmia. Methods: Nine electronic literature databases (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, IPA, AMED, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang) were searched up to February 2018. Two authors extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the included studies independently. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs about WXKL-amiodarone combination and amiodarone alone were eligible for comparison. Results: Thirteen trials involving 1,126 patients were included. Risk of bias was assessed as high in three studies and unclear in the remaining 10 studies. Six trials reported adverse events (AE). There was no obvious difference between WXKL-amiodarone combination group and amiodarone group in reported AEs (OR 0.64; 95%CI 0.39-1.07). The total effective rate of WXKL-amiodarone combination group was greater than that of amiodarone group (RR 1.22; 95%CI 1.16-1.29). The pooled results showed that the combination group was more effective in reducing heart rate (MD -2.25; 95%CI -2.61 to -1.88, P = 0.46, I2 = 0%), the frequency of ventricular premature complexes (MD -2.03; 95%CI -2.41 to -1.65) and QT dispersion (MD 5.59; 95%CI 3.60-7.58). Conclusion: The WXKL-amiodarone combination is safe and shows more protective effects on heart failure combined with ventricular arrhythmia compared with amiodarone alone. Further research is warranted, ideally involving large, prospective, rigorous trials, in order to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|