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Kocher A, Simon M, Dwyer AA, Blatter C, Bogdanovic J, Künzler-Heule P, Villiger PM, Dan D, Distler O, Walker UA, Nicca D. Patient Assessment Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and its associations with quality of life among Swiss patients with systemic sclerosis: a mixed methods study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:7. [PMID: 36624535 PMCID: PMC9828378 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a longstanding and widely adopted model guiding chronic illness management. Little is known about how CCM elements are implemented in rare disease care or how patients' care experiences relate to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We engaged patients living with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to assess current care according to the CCM from the patient perspective and their HRQoL. METHODS We employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. First, we conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey (n = 101) using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and Systemic Sclerosis Quality of Life (SScQoL) questionnaires. Next, we used data from individual patient interviews (n = 4) and one patient focus group (n = 4) to further explore care experiences of people living with SSc with a focus on the PACIC dimensions. RESULTS The mean overall PACIC score was 3.0/5.0 (95% CI 2.8-3.2, n = 100), indicating care was 'never' to 'generally not' aligned with the CCM. Lowest PACIC subscale scores related to 'goal setting/tailoring' (mean = 2.5, 95% CI 2.2-2.7) and 'problem solving/contextual counselling' (mean = 2.9, 95% CI 2.7-3.2). No significant correlations were identified between the mean PACIC and SScQoL scores. Interviews revealed patients frequently encounter major shortcomings in care including 'experiencing organized care with limited participation', 'not knowing which strategies are effective or harmful' and 'feeling left alone with disease and psychosocial consequences'. Patients often responded to challenges by 'dealing with the illness in tailored measure', 'taking over complex coordination of care' and 'relying on an accessible and trustworthy team'. CONCLUSIONS The low PACIC mean overall score is comparable to findings in patients with common chronic diseases. Key elements of the CCM have yet to be systematically implemented in Swiss SSc management. Identified gaps in care related to lack of shared decision-making, goal-setting and individual counselling-aspects that are essential for supporting patient self-management skills. Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of complex care coordination tailored to individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kocher
- Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Simon
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Nursing, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A. Dwyer
- grid.208226.c0000 0004 0444 7053Boston College, Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Nursing Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Munn, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine Blatter
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Bogdanovic
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Künzler-Heule
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.413349.80000 0001 2294 4705Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland ,grid.413349.80000 0001 2294 4705Department of Nursing, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Diana Dan
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Service of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich A. Walker
- grid.410567.1Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Nicca
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department Public Health (DPH), Institute of Nursing Science (INS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Global and Public Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ivanova D, Bishop FL, Newell D, Field J, Walsh M. Mixed methods systematic review of the literature base exploring working alliance in the chiropractic profession. Chiropr Man Therap 2022; 30:35. [PMID: 36056368 PMCID: PMC9438171 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-022-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The construct of working alliance has been used to operationalise the patient–clinician relationship. Research evidence from the rehabilitation literature has established an association between the construct and several patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic literature review was to study working alliance in the chiropractic discipline. Method This review followed a mixed method systematic review methodology: EBSCO (The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), EBSCO (MEDLINE), EBSCO PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Chiro index, and grey literature were searched for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on 17th March 2021. Qualitative appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, version 2018. The qualitative component was synthesised via thematic synthesis and explored patients’ and chiropractors’ perceptions of the nature and role of working alliance. The quantitative component was synthesised via narrative synthesis to examine how the construct has been measured in research and what its effect on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction is. The findings were integrated in the discussion section. Results Thirty studies were included. The qualitative component found that both patients and chiropractors consider working alliance as a key factor in the treatment journey. The findings illustrated that the construct includes the bond between a patient and a chiropractor which is underpinned by trust and attentiveness to patients’ needs, values and preferences. Qualitative data also suggested that strong working alliance has the potential to improve patients’ adherence to treatment and that it is characterised by ongoing negotiation of expectations about the goals of care and the tasks involved in the treatment plan. The quantitative component highlighted that even though working alliance is relevant to the chiropractic discipline, very few studies have quantitatively measured the construct and its effect. Conclusion The findings of this review emphasise the subjective importance of working alliance in the chiropractic clinical encounter. However, there were not enough homogenous studies measuring the effect of working alliance on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction to conduct a meta-analysis. Future research should focus on evaluating potential direct and mediated effects on patient outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12998-022-00442-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Ivanova
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, UK.
| | - Felicity L Bishop
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, UK
| | - Dave Newell
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, UK.,Anglo European College of Chiropractic University College, Parkwood Campus, Parkwood Road, Bournemouth, BH5 2DF, Dorset, UK
| | - Jonathan Field
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, UK
| | - Madeleine Walsh
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, UK
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The adoption of person-centred care in chiropractic practice and its effect on non-specific spinal pain: An observational study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:56-60. [PMID: 31126576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to identify: 1) the extent to which final year chiropractic students used components of person-centred care in a clinical setting; and 2) determine the effect of chiropractic students' use of person-centred care on musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN/SETTING An observational study was conducted at three Western Australian chiropractic teaching clinics. INTERVENTIONS Pragmatic individualised chiropractic care was delivered to 108 adults who experienced non-specific spinal pain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The instruments used in this study were the Consultation and Relational Empathy questionnaire, Picker Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire, and Numerical Rating scale for Pain intensity. RESULTS Participants experienced reductions in pain that exceeded the level required for minimal clinically reported improvement. In addition, high levels of empathy and patient -centred care were reported. Ceiling effects for the measures assessing empathy and patient-centred care precluded analyses examining the relationship between changes in pain intensity, empathy, and patient-centred care. CONCLUSIONS The participants in this study displayed very positive attitudes about most aspects of the chiropractic students' person-centred care skills. Person-centred care processes for which there was considerable scope for improvement included advice about alternative treatment options, and the adaptation of lifestyle and workplace situations to alleviate pain and enhance health. Our findings also showed that the participants experienced clinically important improvement in pain. However, the skewed nature of our dataset precluded identifying whether the students' person-centred care skills influenced such improvement.
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