Are movement-based mindful exercises (QIGONG, TAI CHI, AND YOGA) beneficial for stroke and Parkinson's disease? A scoping review

A scoping review of mind-body therapies for people with persistent pain after stroke

PURPOSE

Persistent pain post-stroke is common; however, non-medical management options remain under-researched. This scoping review sought to identify and summarise existing literature regarding mind-body therapies for people with persistent pain post-stroke, examine pain and pain-related biopsychosocial outcomes, and identify areas for future research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This review followed PRISMA and JBI guidelines; the protocol was registered on Open Science Framework. Five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched from 1992 until 19th August 2024. Primary studies of any design evaluating mind-body therapies in adults with persistent pain post-stroke, published in English in peer-reviewed journals, were eligible. Findings were narratively summarised by study, sample, and mind-body therapy characteristics.

RESULTS

Twenty-one studies comprising 458 adults with various post-stroke pain presentations were included. Only 10 studies specifically targeted stroke pain; the remainder primarily incorporated pre-post measures of pain in a heterogenous stroke sample (with and without pain). Studies varied in their levels of evidence, sample characteristics, mind-body therapies, and biopsychosocial outcome measurement. Nonetheless, improvements in pain and pain-related biopsychosocial outcomes were consistently reported.

CONCLUSION

Limited, lower-quality research suggests improved pain and biopsychosocial outcomes. However, further rigorous research exploring feasibility, safety, efficacy, optimal dosage, format, and setting is recommended.

Old problems, new solutions: harnessing technology and innovation in Parkinson's disease-evidence and experiences from Thailand

The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing rapidly worldwide, but there are notable inequalities in its distribution and in the availability of healthcare resources across different world regions. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Thailand, bear the highest burden of PD so there is an urgent need to develop effective solutions that can overcome the many regional challenges associated with delivering high-quality, and equitable care to a diverse population with limited resources. This article describes the evolution of healthcare delivery for PD in Thailand, as a case example of a LMIC. The discussions reflect the author's presentation at the Yoshikuni Mizuno Lectureship Award given during the 8th Asian and Oceanian Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Congress in March 2023 for which he was the 2023 recipient. The specific challenges faced in Thailand are reviewed along with new solutions that have been implemented to improve the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals nationally, the delivery of care, and the outcomes for PD patients. Technology and innovation have played an important role in this process with many new tools and devices being implemented in clinical practice. Without any realistic prospect of a curative therapy in the near future that could halt the current PD pandemic, it will be necessary to focus on preventative lifestyle strategies that can help reduce the risk of developing PD such as good nutrition (EAT), exercise (MOVE), good sleep hygiene (SLEEP), and minimizing environmental risks (PROTECT), which should be initiated and continued (REPEAT) as early as possible.

Effectiveness of mind-body exercises in chronic respiratory diseases: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses

PURPOSE

To gather evidence on the effectiveness and safety of qigong, tai chi, and yoga to modulate symptoms associated with chronic respiratory diseases.

METHODS

A search of systematic reviews was conducted in CINHAL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating physical and psychological measures were eligible. The methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR-2), the spin of information in abstracts, and the overlap of primary studies were explored.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven systematic reviews involving 37 000 participants, 146 studies, and 150 meta-analyses were included. Reviews investigated asthma (n = 4) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 23). Most reviews discussed their findings without considering the risk of bias of primary studies. The overlap ranged between slight (5%) and very high (35%). Yoga was better than control interventions to improve symptoms related with asthma. In adults with COPD, qigong improved dyspnoea, exercise endurance, lung function, and quality of life, while tai chi and yoga increased exercise endurance.

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of yoga on symptoms associated with asthma varied depending on the lung function parameter and the control group. Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective to improve COPD-related symptoms, especially exercise endurance.

Attitude, knowledge, and barriers of Chinese clinical and nursing students in implementing complementary and alternative medicine for COVID-19：a cross-sectional study

Background

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has emerged to combat the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, and barriers of Chinese clinical and nursing students in implementing CAM during this period.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the attitude, knowledge, and barriers of Chinese clinical and nursing students in using CAM in the context of COVID-19.

Methods

An online-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among Chinese medical students, majoring in clinical medicine or nursing, in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and Zhengzhou, Henan Province from May to July 2022. A total of 402 clinical and 644 nursing students responded to a self-administered questionnaire through the Questionnaire Star and WeChat APPs. SPSS 25 (version 25) was used for data analysis. Proportions were compared by Chi-square test. Level of significance between groups was analyzed using independent student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

The average score of attitude was 46.63 (SD: 7.38) in clinical students and 49.84 (SD: 6.76) in nursing students. The top four most commonly used CAM treatments in China were proprietary Chinese medicine, diet therapy, decoction, and acupuncture and moxibustion (59.66 %, 22.28 %, 11.66 %, 9.85 %). The students had a good mastery of knowledge about CAM-based prevention and control of COVID-19 (mean score 7.36). The score of CAM knowledge in nursing students was significantly higher than that in clinical students (7.56 VS 7.04, P = 0.000). Gender, grade, previous use, age, and knowledge score could affect students' attitude towards CAM. The main barriers in spreading CAM use included time-consumption, bad taste, and fear of treatment-related pain (24.5 %). Compared with clinical students, nursing students were more likely to recommend CAM to patients in the future (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing students were more positive towards CAM use, had a better mastery of CAM knowledge than clinical students. CAM is expected to provide better outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Future studies should focus on the changes in students' attitudes over time and exploration of influencing factors on CAM use.

Effects of mind-body exercise on physical and psychosocial well-being of stroke patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

This study conducted pairwise and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of three mind-body exercise interventions (Tai Chi, Qigong, and yoga) on physical capacity, psychological well-being, and quality of life in stroke patients. The research encompassed 30 studies involving 2107 participants and utilized the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for quality assessment. Pairwise analysis revealed that all three mind-body exercises significantly enhanced patients' quality of life. Tai Chi demonstrated the most comprehensive improvements in balance, limb motor function, activities of daily living, and depression. Network meta-analysis indicated that Qigong was the most effective in improving balance and quality of life for post-stroke patients, followed by Tai Chi. These findings underscore the positive impact of mind-body exercises on both physical and psychosocial outcomes in stroke patients. However, further research involving rigorously designed and adequately powered trials is necessary to enhance the level of evidence in this area.

Coaxial Electrospun Tai Chi-Inspired Lithium-Ion Battery Separator with High Performance and Fireproofing Capacity

Organic flame-retardant-loaded battery separator offers a new opportunity for battery safety. However, its poor thermal stability still poses serious safety issues. Inspired by Tai Chi, an "internal-cultivating and external-practicing" core-shell nanofibrous membrane was prepared by coaxial electrospinning, wherein the shell layer was a mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon dioxide (SiO2), and graphene oxide (GO) and the core layer contained triphenyl phosphate (TPP). SiO2 and GO enhanced the thermal stability and electrochemical performance. The encapsulated TPP prevented heat transfer and the degradation of electrochemical performance caused by its direct dissolution. This separator exhibited outstanding thermal stability and flame retardancy: it did not burn and remained relatively intact (91.2%) in an open flame for 15 s. The battery assembled with a composite separator showed excellent performance: the initial capacity reached 164 mA h/g and maintained 95% after 100 charge-discharge cycles. This novel strategy endows high-performance lithium batteries with relatively higher safety.

The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer

A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.