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Cheng L, Sang D, Zhao F, Yang L, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yang Q, Qiao W, Sun X, Guan X, Wang H, Wang J, Zou H, Li X, Fang F, Li Y, Zhang S, Wu L, Lin H, Sun X, Wang K. Magnetic Resonance/Infrared Dual-Modal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy Nanoplatform Based on Cu1.96S-Gd@FA for Precision Cancer Theranostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:95-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Retter A, Gong F, Syer T, Singh S, Adeleke S, Punwani S. Emerging methods for prostate cancer imaging: evaluating cancer structure and metabolic alterations more clearly. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2565-2579. [PMID: 34328279 PMCID: PMC8486595 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays a fundamental role in all aspects of the cancer management pathway. However, conventional imaging techniques are largely reliant on morphological and size descriptors that have well-known limitations, particularly when considering targeted-therapy response monitoring. Thus, new imaging methods have been developed to characterise cancer and are now routinely implemented, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhancement, positron emission technology (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, despite the improvement these techniques have enabled, limitations still remain. Novel imaging methods are now emerging, intent on further interrogating cancers. These techniques are at different stages of maturity along the biomarker pathway and aim to further evaluate the cancer microstructure (vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumours) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), luminal water fraction imaging] as well as the metabolic alterations associated with cancers (novel PET tracers, hyperpolarised MRI). Finally, the use of machine learning has shown powerful potential applications. By using prostate cancer as an exemplar, this Review aims to showcase these potentially potent imaging techniques and what stage we are at in their application to conventional clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Syer
- UCL Centre for Medical ImagingLondonUK
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Hernández Lozano I, Langer O. Use of imaging to assess the activity of hepatic transporters. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:149-164. [PMID: 31951754 PMCID: PMC7055509 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1718107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Membrane transporters of the SLC and ABC families are abundantly expressed in the liver, where they control the transfer of drugs/drug metabolites across the sinusoidal and canalicular hepatocyte membranes and play a pivotal role in hepatic drug clearance. Noninvasive imaging methods, such as PET, SPECT or MRI, allow for measuring the activity of hepatic transporters in vivo, provided that suitable transporter imaging probes are available.Areas covered: We give an overview of the working principles of imaging-based assessment of hepatic transporter activity. We discuss different currently available PET/SPECT radiotracers and MRI contrast agents and their applications to measure hepatic transporter activity in health and disease. We cover mathematical modeling approaches to obtain quantitative parameters of transporter activity and provide a critical assessment of methodological limitations and challenges associated with this approach.Expert opinion: PET in combination with pharmacokinetic modeling can be potentially applied in drug development to study the distribution of new drug candidates to the liver and their clearance mechanisms. This approach bears potential to mechanistically assess transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, to assess the influence of disease on hepatic drug disposition and to validate and refine currently available in vitro-in vivo extrapolation methods to predict hepatic clearance of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
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FDG-PET/CT Versus Contrast-Enhanced CT for Response Evaluation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030106. [PMID: 31461923 PMCID: PMC6787711 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) can be used for response evaluation in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this study, we aimed to review literature comparing the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in patients with MBC. We made a systematic search in Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Cochrane Library using a modified PICO model. The population was MBC patients and the intervention was PERCIST or RECIST. Quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2 checklist. A total of 1975 articles were identified. After screening by title/abstract, 78 articles were selected for further analysis of which 2 duplicates and 33 abstracts/out of focus articles were excluded. The remaining 43 articles provided useful information, but only one met the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. This was a retrospective study of 65 patients with MBC showing one-year progression-free survival for responders versus non-responders to be 59% vs. 27% (p = 0.2) by RECIST compared to 64% vs. 0% (p = 0.0001) by PERCIST. This systematic literature review identified a lack of studies comparing the use of RECIST (with CE-CT) and PERCIST (with FDG-PET/CT) for response evaluation in metastatic breast cancer. The available sparse literature suggests that PERCIST might be more appropriate than RECIST for predicting prognosis in patients with MBC.
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FDG-PET/CT for Response Monitoring in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Today, Tomorrow, and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081190. [PMID: 31443324 PMCID: PMC6721531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While current international guidelines include imaging of the target lesion for response monitoring in metastatic breast cancer, they do not provide specific recommendations for choice of imaging modality or response criteria. This is important as clinical decisions may vary depending on which imaging modality is used for monitoring metastatic breast cancer. FDG-PET/CT has shown high accuracy in diagnosing metastatic breast cancer, and the Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) have shown higher predictive values than the CT-based Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) for prediction of progression-free survival. No studies have yet addressed the clinical impact of using different imaging modalities or response evaluation criteria for longitudinal response monitoring in metastatic breast cancer. We present a case study of a patient with metastatic breast cancer who was monitored first with conventional CT and then with FDG-PET/CT. We retrospectively applied PERCIST to evaluate the longitudinal response to treatment. We used the one-lesion PERCIST model measuring SULpeak in the hottest metastatic lesion on consecutive scans. This model provides a continuous variable that allows graphical illustration of disease fluctuation along with response categories. The one-lesion PERCIST approach seems able to reflect molecular changes and has the potential to support clinical decision-making. Prospective clinical studies addressing the clinical impact of PERCIST in metastatic breast cancer are needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for response monitoring in this disease.
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Golan S, Nidam M, Bernstine H, Baniel J, Groshar D. Dynamic 11C-Choline PET / CT for the primary diagnosis of prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:900-905. [PMID: 30088719 PMCID: PMC6237539 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the ability of dynamic 11C-PET / CT to discriminate cancerous tissue from background tissue in patients with localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive patients with prostate cancer were prospectively evaluated with dynamic 11C-choline PET / CT prior to radical prostatectomy. The PET / CT scan was divided into 18 sequences of 5 seconds each, followed by 9 sequences of 60 seconds each. Whole-mount sections of harvested prostates served as reference standards. Volumes of interest were positioned on the dynamic PET / CT images and the following quantitative variables were calculated: perfusion coefficient (K1), washout constant (K2), area under the curve (AUC) at 175 and 630 seconds, and average and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVavg, and SUVmax). Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare benign and cancerous areas of the prostate. RESULTS Areas of cancerous tissue were characterized by higher SUVavg and SUVmax than areas of benign tissue (3.67 ± 2.7 vs. 2.08 ± 1.3 and 5.91 ± 4.4 vs. 3.71 ± 3.7, respectively, P < 0.001), in addition to a higher K1 (0.95 ± 0.58 vs. 0.43 ± 0.24, P < 0.001) and greater cumulative tracer uptake, represented by the AUC at 175 and 630 seconds (P <0.001). No associations were found between dynamic parameters and preoperative prostate specific antigen level or Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, 11C-choline PET / CT demonstrated increased tracer uptake with higher values of static and dynamic parameters in areas of prostate cancer compared to areas of benign tissue. Larger studies are warranted to validate these results and examine the potential applicability of 11C-choline dynamic PET / CT for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Golan
- Institute of Urology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Meital Nidam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Hanna Bernstine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Jack Baniel
- Institute of Urology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - David Groshar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
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Maleddu A, Pantaleo MA, Castellucci P, Astorino M, Nanni C, Nannini M, Busato F, Di Battista M, Farsad M, Lodi F, Boschi S, Fanti S, Biasco G. 11C-Acetate PET for Early Prediction of Sunitinib Response in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:382-4. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic properties used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors at a dose of 50 mg/day consecutively for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off per cycle. At present, no data are available on the early prediction of sunitinib response in renal cell carcinoma. We report a clinical case of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma diagnosed with 11C-acetate PET and conventional CT and treated with sunitinib. Partial and complete remission documented by CT was preceded by early functional tumor inhibition shown by 11C-acetate-PET after only 14 days of therapy. This case report highlights some interesting points related to the potential role of a novel non-FDG PET tracer, 11C-acetate, in the early prediction of the response to targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maleddu
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria A Pantaleo
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Astorino
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Nuclear Medicine Service, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Busato
- Malpighi Radiology Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Di Battista
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohsen Farsad
- Nuclear Medicine Service, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Lodi
- PET Radiopharmacy Nuclear Medicine Service, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Boschi
- PET Radiopharmacy Nuclear Medicine Service, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine Service, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology “L.&A. Seragnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Grinstead KM, Rowe L, Ensor CM, Joel S, Daftarian P, Dikici E, Zingg JM, Daunert S. Red-Shifted Aequorin Variants Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids: Applications in In Vivo Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158579. [PMID: 27367859 PMCID: PMC4930207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased importance of in vivo diagnostics has posed new demands for imaging technologies. In that regard, there is a need for imaging molecules capable of expanding the applications of current state-of-the-art imaging in vivo diagnostics. To that end, there is a desire for new reporter molecules capable of providing strong signals, are non-toxic, and can be tailored to diagnose or monitor the progression of a number of diseases. Aequorin is a non-toxic photoprotein that can be used as a sensitive marker for bioluminescence in vivo imaging. The sensitivity of aequorin is due to the fact that bioluminescence is a rare phenomenon in nature and, therefore, it does not suffer from autofluorescence, which contributes to background emission. Emission of bioluminescence in the blue-region of the spectrum by aequorin only occurs when calcium, and its luciferin coelenterazine, are bound to the protein and trigger a biochemical reaction that results in light generation. It is this reaction that endows aequorin with unique characteristics, making it ideally suited for a number of applications in bioanalysis and imaging. Herein we report the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical or non-natural amino acids and several coelenterazine analogues, resulting in a catalog of 72 cysteine-free, aequorin variants which expand the potential applications of these photoproteins by providing several red-shifted mutants better suited to use in vivo. In vivo studies in mouse models using the transparent tissue of the eye confirmed the activity of the aequorin variants incorporating L-4-iodophehylalanine and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine after injection into the eye and topical addition of coelenterazine. The signal also remained localized within the eye. This is the first time that aequorin variants incorporating non-canonical amino acids have shown to be active in vivo and useful as reporters in bioluminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Grinstead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Laura Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, 1610 Campus Drive East, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, 46385, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Ensor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States of America
| | - Smita Joel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Pirouz Daftarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
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Orlhac F, Thézé B, Soussan M, Boisgard R, Buvat I. Multiscale Texture Analysis: From 18F-FDG PET Images to Histologic Images. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1823-1828. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Josephs DH, Sarker D. Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Development for PI3K Pathway Therapeutics. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2016; 7:33-49. [PMID: 26917948 PMCID: PMC4762492 DOI: 10.4137/tog.s30529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is integral to many essential cell processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, motility, and metabolism. Somatic mutations and genetic amplifications that result in activation of the pathway are frequently detected in cancer. This has led to the development of rationally designed therapeutics targeting key members of the pathway. Critical to the successful development of these drugs are pharmacodynamic biomarkers that aim to define the degree of target and pathway inhibition. In this review, we discuss the pharmacodynamic biomarkers that have been utilized in early-phase clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors. We focus on the challenges related to development and interpretation of these assays, their optimal integration with pharmacokinetic and predictive biomarkers, and future strategies to ensure successful development of PI3K pathway inhibitors within a personalized medicine paradigm for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra H Josephs
- Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Debashis Sarker
- Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
The most commonly utilized PET radionuclide is fluorine-18 ((18)F) because of its convenient half-life and excellent imaging properties. In this review, we present the first analysis of patents issued for radiotracers labeled with fluorine-18 (between 2009 and 2015), and provide perspective on current trends and future directions in PET radiotracer development.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review article explores recent advancements in PET/MRI for clinical oncologic imaging. CONCLUSION Radiologists should understand the technical considerations that have made PET/MRI feasible within clinical workflows, the role of PET tracers for imaging various molecular targets in oncology, and advantages of hybrid PET/MRI compared with PET/CT. To facilitate this understanding, we discuss clinical examples (including gliomas, breast cancer, bone metastases, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, gynecologic malignancy, and lymphoma) as well as future directions, challenges, and areas for continued technical optimization for PET/MRI.
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Farhat G, Giles A, Kolios MC, Czarnota GJ. Optical coherence tomography spectral analysis for detecting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:126001. [PMID: 26641199 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by a series of predictable morphological changes at the subcellular level, which modify the light-scattering properties of cells. We present a spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to detect changes in subcellular morphology related to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. OCT data were acquired from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells treated with cisplatin over a 48-h period. The backscatter spectrum of the OCT signal acquired from the cell samples was characterized by calculating its in vitro integrated backscatter (IB) and spectral slope (SS). The IB increased with treatment duration, while the SS decreased, with the most significant changes occurring after 24 to 48 h of treatment. These changes coincided with striking morphological transformations in the cells and their nuclei. Similar trends in the spectral parameter values were observed in vivo in solid tumors grown from AML cells in mice, which were treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Our results provide a strong foundation from which future experiments may be designed to further understand the effect of cellular morphology and kinetics of apoptosis on the OCT signal and demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Farhat
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, CanadabSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, CanadacSunnybrook Health Sci
| | - Anoja Giles
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, CanadacSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Radiation Oncology, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Ryerson University, Department of Physics, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, CanadabSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, CanadacSunnybrook Health Sci
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Haagensen EJ, Thomas HD, Wilson I, Harnor SJ, Payne SL, Rennison T, Smith KM, Maxwell RJ, Newell DR. The enhanced in vivo activity of the combination of a MEK and a PI3K inhibitor correlates with [18F]-FLT PET in human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81763. [PMID: 24339963 PMCID: PMC3858267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined targeting of the MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways in cancer may be necessary for optimal therapeutic activity. To support clinical studies of combination therapy, 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) uptake measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was evaluated as a non-invasive surrogate response biomarker in pre-clinical models. The in vivo anti-tumour efficacy and PK-PD properties of the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 and the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941, alone and in combination, were evaluated in HCT116 and HT29 human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice, and [18F]-FLT PET investigated in mice bearing HCT116 xenografts. Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK induced marked tumour growth inhibition in vivo, and enhanced anti-tumour activity was predicted by [18F]-FLT PET scanning after 2 days of treatment. Pharmacodynamic analyses using the combination of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 revealed that increased efficacy is associated with an enhanced inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, S6 and 4EBP1, compared to that observed with either single agent, and maintained inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that there was no marked PK interaction between the two drugs. Together these results indicate that the combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors can result in significant efficacy, and demonstrate for the first time that [18F]-FLT PET can be correlated to the improved efficacy of combined PI3K and MEK inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Haagensen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Thomas
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Wilson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Suzannah J. Harnor
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Sara L. Payne
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Tommy Rennison
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M. Smith
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ross J. Maxwell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Habibollahi P, van den Berg NS, Kuruppu D, Loda M, Mahmood U. Metformin--an adjunct antineoplastic therapy--divergently modulates tumor metabolism and proliferation, interfering with early response prediction by 18F-FDG PET imaging. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:252-8. [PMID: 23376854 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Over the last several years, epidemiologic data have suggested that the antidiabetes drug metformin (MET), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, improves progression-free survival of patients with multiple cancers; more than 30 clinical trials are under way to confirm this finding. We postulated that the role of AMPK as a central cellular energy sensor would result in opposite effects on glucose uptake and proliferation, suggesting different roles for (18)F-FDG and 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) in assessing its effectiveness as an antineoplastic agent. METHODS Colon cancer cell lines HT29 (human) and MC26 (murine) were treated for 24 or 72 h with a range of MET concentrations (0-10 mM). Western blotting was used to study the activation of AMPK after MET treatment. Glucose uptake and cell proliferation were measured by cell retention studies with either (18)F-FDG or (18)F-FLT. EdU (ethynyl deoxyuridine, a thymidine analog) and annexin-propidium iodide flow cytometry was performed to determine cell cycle S-phase and apoptotic changes. In vivo (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT PET images were acquired before and 24 h after MET treatment of HT29 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS After 24 h of MET incubation, phosphorylated AMPK levels increased severalfold in both cell lines, whereas total AMPK levels remained unchanged. In cell retention studies, (18)F-FDG uptake increased but (18)F-FLT retention decreased significantly in both cell lines. The numbers of HT29 and MC26 cells in the S phase decreased 36% and 33%, respectively, after MET therapy. Apoptosis increased 10.5-fold and 5.8-fold in HT29 and MC26 cells, respectively, after 72 h of incubation with MET. PET imaging revealed increased (18)F-FDG uptake (mean ± SEM standardized uptake values were 0.71 ± 0.03 before and 1.29 ± 0.11 after MET therapy) (P < 0.05) and decreased (18)F-FLT uptake (mean ± SEM standardized uptake values were 1.18 ± 0.05 before and 0.89 ± 0.01 after MET therapy) (P < 0.05) in HT29 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION MET, through activation of the AMPK pathway, produces a dose-dependent increase in tumor glucose uptake while decreasing cell proliferation in human and murine colon cancer cells. Thus, changes in (18)F-FDG uptake after MET treatment may be misleading. (18)F-FLT imaging is a promising alternative that correlates with the tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Habibollahi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Vasdev N, Green DE, Vines DC, McLarty K, McCormick PN, Moran MD, Houle S, Wilson AA, Reilly RM. Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging of the TSPO with [18F]FEPPA in a Preclinical Breast Cancer Model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:254-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasdev
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. Green
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglass C. Vines
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin McLarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick N. McCormick
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Moran
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Radiohalogenated 4-anilinoquinazoline-based EGFR-TK inhibitors as potential cancer imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:247-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lodi F, Malizia C, Castellucci P, Cicoria G, Fanti S, Boschi S. Synthesis of oncological [11C]radiopharmaceuticals for clinical PET. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:447-60. [PMID: 22172394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine modality which provides quantitative images of biological processes in vivo at the molecular level. Several PET radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived isotopes such as (18)F and (11)C were developed in order to trace specific cellular and molecular pathways with the aim of enhancing clinical applications. Among these [(11)C]radiopharmaceuticals are N-[(11)C]methyl-choline ([(11)C]choline), l-(S-methyl-[(11)C])methionine ([(11)C]methionine) and 1-[(11)C]acetate ([(11)C]acetate), which have gained an important role in oncology where the application of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) is suboptimal. Nevertheless, the production of these radiopharmaceuticals did not reach the same level of standardization as for [(18)F]FDG synthesis. This review describes the most recent developments in the synthesis of the above-mentioned [(11)C]radiopharmaceuticals aiming to increase the availability and hence the use of [(11)C]choline, [(11)C]methionine and [(11)C]acetate in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Lodi
- PET Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Cancer treatment strategies have changed considerably over the past two decades, with increasing emphasis on cancer-specific biological therapies. This situation has led to the incorporation of biomarkers, including those obtained by medical imaging, into trial designs to better understand mechanisms of action and, hopefully, to provide early evidence of treatment efficacy at a molecular or physiological level. Unlike blood tests and tissue samples, an imaging biomarker allows assessment of treatment in the whole tumor, in all tumors in the body, and at multiple time points. This situation has increased the complexity of clinical trials, as each imaging modality has issues related to cost, ease of use, patient compatibility, data analysis, and interpretation. This article reviews strengths and limitations of the current imaging methods available in clinical cancer trials, including MRI, CT, PET, and ultrasonography. The information gained by each test, and the difficulties in acquiring the data and interpreting it are also discussed in order to help researchers plan imaging in clinical trials and interpret data from such studies.
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Farhat G, Yang VXD, Czarnota GJ, Kolios MC. Detecting cell death with optical coherence tomography and envelope statistics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:026017. [PMID: 21361701 DOI: 10.1117/1.3544543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently no standard clinical or preclinical noninvasive method exists to monitor cell death based on morphological changes at the cellular level. In our past work we have demonstrated that quantitative high frequency ultrasound imaging can detect cell death in vitro and in vivo. In this study we apply quantitative methods previously used with high frequency ultrasound to optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect cell death. The ultimate goal of this work is to use these methods for optically-based clinical and preclinical cancer treatment monitoring. Optical coherence tomography data were acquired from acute myeloid leukemia cells undergoing three modes of cell death. Significant increases in integrated backscatter were observed for cells undergoing apoptosis and mitotic arrest, while necrotic cells induced a decrease. These changes appear to be linked to structural changes observed in histology obtained from the cell samples. Signal envelope statistics were analyzed from fittings of the generalized gamma distribution to histograms of envelope intensities. The parameters from this distribution demonstrated sensitivities to morphological changes in the cell samples. These results indicate that OCT integrated backscatter and first order envelope statistics can be used to detect and potentially differentiate between modes of cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Farhat
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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21
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Pysz MA, Gambhir SS, Willmann JK. Molecular imaging: current status and emerging strategies. Clin Radiol 2010; 65:500-16. [PMID: 20541650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases in early stages (screening), identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific treatment (personalized medicine), applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current clinical molecular imaging approaches primarily use positron-emission tomography (PET) or single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based techniques. In ongoing preclinical research, novel molecular targets of different diseases are identified and, sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents for imaging these molecular targets are developed along with new technologies and instrumentation for multi-modality molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced molecular ultrasound (US) with molecularly-targeted contrast microbubbles is explored as a clinically translatable molecular imaging strategy for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases at the molecular level. Optical imaging with fluorescent molecular probes and US imaging with molecularly-targeted microbubbles are attractive strategies as they provide real-time imaging, are relatively inexpensive, produce images with high spatial resolution, and do not involve exposure to ionizing irradiation. Raman spectroscopy/microscopy has emerged as a molecular optical imaging strategy for ultrasensitive detection of multiple biomolecules/biochemicals with both in vivo and ex vivo versatility. Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid of optical and US techniques involving optically-excitable molecularly-targeted contrast agents and quantitative detection of resulting oscillatory contrast agent movement with US. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation, such as endoscopes and microcatheters, suggest that these molecular imaging methods have numerous potential clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pysz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5424, USA
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Røe K, Aleksandersen TB, Kristian A, Nilsen LB, Seierstad T, Qu H, Ree AH, Olsen DR, Malinen E. Preclinical dynamic 18F-FDG PET - tumor characterization and radiotherapy response assessment by kinetic compartment analysis. Acta Oncol 2010; 49:914-21. [PMID: 20831478 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.498831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive visualization of tumor biological and molecular processes of importance to diagnosis and treatment response is likely to be critical in individualized cancer therapy. Since conventional static (18)F-FDG PET with calculation of the semi-quantitative parameter standardized uptake value (SUV) may be subject to many sources of variability, we here present an approach of quantifying the (18)F-FDG uptake by analytic two-tissue compartment modeling, extracting kinetic tumor parameters from dynamic (18)F-FDG PET. Further, we evaluate the potential of such parameters in radiotherapy response assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male, athymic mice with prostate carcinoma xenografts were subjected to dynamic PET either untreated (n=8) or 24 h post-irradiation (7.5 Gy single dose, n=8). After 10 h of fasting, intravenous bolus injections of 10-15 MBq (18)F-FDG were administered and a 1 h dynamic PET scan was performed. 4D emission data were reconstructed using OSEM-MAP, before remote post-processing. Individual arterial input functions were extracted from the image series. Subsequently, tumor (18)F-FDG uptake was fitted voxel-by-voxel to a compartment model, producing kinetic parameter maps. RESULTS The kinetic model separated the (18)F-FDG uptake into free and bound tracer and quantified three parameters; forward tracer diffusion (k(1)), backward tracer diffusion (k(2)), and rate of (18)F-FDG phosphorylation, i.e. the glucose metabolism (k(3)). The fitted kinetic model gave a goodness of fit (r(2)) to the observed data ranging from 0.91 to 0.99, and produced parametrical images of all tumors included in the study. Untreated tumors showed homogeneous intra-group median values of all three parameters (k(1), k(2) and k(3)), whereas the parameters significantly increased in the tumors irradiated 24 h prior to (18)F-FDG PET. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of a two-tissue compartment kinetic analysis of dynamic (18)F-FDG PET images. If validated, extracted parametrical maps might contribute to tumor biological characterization and radiotherapy response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Røe
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
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Nguyen QD, Aboagye EO. Imaging the life and death of tumors in living subjects: Preclinical PET imaging of proliferation and apoptosis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:483-95. [PMID: 20737104 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by deregulation of cell proliferation and altered cell death apoptosis, which constitutes, in almost all instances, the minimal common platform upon which all neoplastic evolution occurs. The most implicit and clinically attractive anticancer strategies, therefore, consist of eliminating tumor cells by preventing their expansion and ultimately inducing cell death apoptosis. In this context, the non-invasive molecular assessment of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis status using PET imaging constitutes a major strategy in preclinical studies to assess the efficacy of new anticancer therapeutics using small animal PET imaging, and in clinical settings for the monitoring of treatment responses in patients. For this purpose, a variety of PET tracers targeting specific molecular entities allowing the non-invasive measurement of biological processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, are under development for use in preclinical studies and clinical trials to non-invasively image in vivo the lifeline of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Dé Nguyen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK
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Rajagopalan MS, Heron DE. Role of PET/CT imaging in stereotactic body radiotherapy. Future Oncol 2010; 6:305-17. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a relatively new technique that enables delivery of high doses of radiation to malignancies throughout the body with a higher degree of precision than conventional radiation modalities. PET and computed tomography are rapidly being adopted for the evaluation of patients with cancer, and its role in conjunction with SBRT is under active investigation. This article reviews the literature regarding the utility of PET and computed tomography in treatment planning, follow-up imaging, relationship with clinical outcomes, and other topics in patients treated with SBRT. These questions are investigated for cancers of the lung, head and neck, pancreas and liver. A brief overview of various commercially available SBRT treatment systems is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malolan S Rajagopalan
- BS UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Suite No. 545, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Dwight E Heron
- FACRO Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Ave, Suite No. 545, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Molecular imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) in a pre-clinical model of breast cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:349-58. [PMID: 19949989 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively evaluate the utility of a translocator protein (TSPO)-targeted near-infrared (NIR) probe (NIR-conPK11195) for in vivo molecular imaging of TSPO in breast cancer. PROCEDURES NIR-conPK11195 uptake and TSPO-specificity were validated in TSPO-expressing human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231). In vivo NIR-conPK11195 biodistribution and accumulation were quantitatively evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts. RESULTS Fluorescence micrographs illustrated intracellular labeling of MDA-MB-231 cells by NIR-conPK11195. Quantitative uptake and competition assays demonstrated dose-dependent (p < 0.001) and TSPO-specific (p < 0.001) NIR-conPK11195 uptake. In vivo, NIR-conPK11195 preferentially labeled MDA-MB-231 tumors with an 11-fold (p < 0.001) and 7-fold (p < 0.001) contrast enhancement over normal tissue and unconjugated NIR dye, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NIR-conPK11195 appears to be a promising TSPO-targeted molecular imaging agent for visualization and quantification of breast cancer cells in vivo. This research represents the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of TSPO imaging as an alternative breast cancer imaging approach.
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Combined treatment strategies in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after imatinib and sunitinib therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 36:63-8. [PMID: 19914780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors remains an open issue in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The complex biology of disease in the multi-resistant setting has led a progressively growing urgency and interest in development combined or integrated therapies. This mini-review outlines the rationale for developing new combined therapeutic approaches, and describes the state of the art of the various potential strategies and the promising research perspectives.
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Ambrosini V, Quarta C, Nanni C, Pettinato C, Franchi R, Grassetto G, Al-Nahhas A, Fanti S, Rubello D. Small Animal PET in Oncology: The Road from Bench to Bedside. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:277-85. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ambrosini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Medical Physics Unit, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Franchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaia Grassetto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, “S. Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Adil Al-Nahhas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico “S. Orsola-Malpighi,” Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, “S. Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
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Miele E, Spinelli GP, Tomao F, Zullo A, De Marinis F, Pasciuti G, Rossi L, Zoratto F, Tomao S. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracers in oncology--utility of 18F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-PET in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2008; 27:52. [PMID: 18928537 PMCID: PMC2579910 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is a nuclear medicine imaging method, frequently used in oncology during the last years. It is a non-invasive technique that provides quantitative in vivo assessment of physiological and biological phenomena. PET has found its application in common practice for the management of various cancers.Lung cancer is the most common cause of death for cancer in western countries.This review focuses on radiotracers used for PET scan with particular attention to Non Small Cell Lung Cancer diagnosis, staging, response to treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome Sapienza viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Rankin SC. The role of positron emission tomography in staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Target Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-008-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Multimodality treatment in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008. [PMCID: PMC2440968 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Specificity of the anti-glycolytic activity of 3-bromopyruvate confirmed by FDG uptake in a rat model of breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:120-3. [PMID: 18553054 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-glycolytic effects of 3-BrPA on rats bearing RMT mammary tumors, by determining FDG uptake after intravenous administration of the therapeutic dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen rats bearing RMT tumors were treated either with 15 mM 3-BrPA in 2.5 ml of PBS or with 2.5 ml of PBS. After treatment, all rats received FDG and were sacrificed 1 h later. RESULTS 3-BrPA treatment significantly decreased FDG uptake in tumors by 77% (p = 0.002). FDG uptake did not significantly decrease in normal tissues after treatment. CONCLUSION Our study showed that 3-BrPA exhibits a strong anti-glycolytic effect on RMT cells implanted in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet F. Eary
- University of Washington, Department of Radiology University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356113, Seattle, WA, USA,
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