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Dian Y, Liu Y, Zeng F, Sun Y, Deng G. Efficacy and safety of tebentafusp in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2374647. [PMID: 39004419 PMCID: PMC11249029 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2374647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) have a poor prognosis, and few appropriate medications are available. Tebentafusp is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for mUM recently. However, the real efficacy and safety of tebentafusp are still unclear. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 20, 2024. The research was reported based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. We used random effects models to aggregate data on the response rates and adverse events of tebentafusp therapy. Six studies met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 589 participants. The pooled objective response rate was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.05-0.12), and pooled disease control rate was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.44-0.57). The overall incidence was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95-1.00) for any grade adverse events, 0.50 (95% CI: 0.41-0.59) for grade 3-4 adverse events, and 0.01 (95% CI: 0-0.03) for discontinuation due to adverse events. Tebentafusp exhibits promising treatment outcomes for mUM patients. Although accompanied with a common occurrence of adverse events, which can typically be managed and controlled. Future research is necessary for substantiating these findings and refining guidelines for management of mUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dian
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihuang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cimino C, Sánchez López E, Bonaccorso A, Bonilla L, Musumeci T, Badia J, Baldomà L, Pignatello R, Marrazzo A, Barbaraci C, García ML, Carbone C. In vitro and in vivo studies of ocular topically administered NLC for the treatment of uveal melanoma. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124300. [PMID: 38851409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is one of the most common and aggressive intraocular malignancies, and, due to its great capability of metastasize, it constitutes the most incident intraocular tumor in adults. However, to date there is no effective treatment since achieving the inner ocular tissues still constitutes one of the greatest challenges in actual medicine, because of the complex structure and barriers. Uncoated and PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers were developed to achieve physico-chemical properties (mean particle size, homogeneity, zeta potential, pH and osmolality) compatible for the ophthalmic administration of (S)-(-)-MRJF22, a new custom-synthetized prodrug for the potential treatment of uveal melanoma. The colloidal physical stability was investigated at different temperatures by Turbiscan® Ageing Station. Morphology analysis and mucoadhesive studies highlighted the presence of small particles suitable to be topically administered on the ocular surface. In vitro release studies performed using Franz diffusion cells demonstrated that the systems were able to provide a slow and prolonged prodrug release. In vitro cytotoxicity test on Human Corneal Epithelium and Human Uveal Melanoma cell lines and Hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of the free prodrug on corneal cells, whose cytocompatibility improved when encapsulated into nanoparticles, as also confirmed by in vivo studies on New Zealand albino rabbits. Antiangiogenic capability and preventive anti-inflammatory properties were also investigated on embryonated eggs and rabbits, respectively. Furthermore, preliminary in vivo biodistribution images of fluorescent nanoparticles after topical instillation in rabbits' eyes, suggested their ability to reach the posterior segment of the eye, as a promising strategy for the treatment of choroidal uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cimino
- PhD in Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; NANOMED, Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania
| | - Elena Sánchez López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; NANOMED, Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania
| | - Lorena Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; NANOMED, Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; NANOMED, Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Barbaraci
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95124 Catania, Italy; Present address: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; NANOMED, Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania.
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Yilmaz MT, Sari SY, Zorlu F, Yazici G. External Beam Radiotherapy in the Management of Uveal Melanoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:932-951. [PMID: 38869695 PMCID: PMC11236855 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular tumor in adults. With the evidence demonstrating that episcleral plaque brachytherapy (EPB) has similar survival rates as enucleation in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS), eye-sparing treatments have come to the fore today. External radiotherapy techniques (proton beam radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery/fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery) are an important treatment option for globe-sparing treatments. There are no prospective randomized trials comparing these techniques; however, retrospective series, meta-analyses, and reviews indicate that these EPB and external radiotherapy techniques are equal. With this review, we aimed to examine the external radiotherapy techniques used in the treatment of uveal melanoma in detail with reference to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tugce Yilmaz
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezin Yuce Sari
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Faruk Zorlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yazici
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dadzie AK, Iddir SP, Abtahi M, Ebrahimi B, Le D, Ganesh S, Son T, Heiferman MJ, Yao X. Colour fusion effect on deep learning classification of uveal melanoma. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03148-4. [PMID: 38773261 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable differentiation of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi is crucial to guide appropriate treatment, preventing unnecessary procedures for benign lesions and ensuring timely treatment for potentially malignant cases. The purpose of this study is to validate deep learning classification of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi, and to evaluate the effect of colour fusion options on the classification performance. METHODS A total of 798 ultra-widefield retinal images of 438 patients were included in this retrospective study, comprising 157 patients diagnosed with UM and 281 patients diagnosed with choroidal naevus. Colour fusion options, including early fusion, intermediate fusion and late fusion, were tested for deep learning image classification with a convolutional neural network (CNN). F1-score, accuracy and the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to evaluate the classification performance. RESULTS Colour fusion options were observed to affect the deep learning performance significantly. For single-colour learning, the red colour image was observed to have superior performance compared to green and blue channels. For multi-colour learning, the intermediate fusion is better than early and late fusion options. CONCLUSION Deep learning is a promising approach for automated classification of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi. Colour fusion options can significantly affect the classification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert K Dadzie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sabrina P Iddir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mansour Abtahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Behrouz Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - David Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sanjay Ganesh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Taeyoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Michael J Heiferman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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5
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Ma J, Iddir SP, Ganesh S, Yi D, Heiferman MJ. Automated segmentation for early detection of uveal melanoma. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024:S0008-4182(24)00103-0. [PMID: 38768649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Current screening and triaging methods for melanocytic choroidal tumours face inherent limitations, particularly in regions with limited access to specialized ocular oncologists. This study explores the potential of machine learning to automate tumour segmentation. We develop and evaluate a machine-learning model for lesion segmentation using ultra-wide-field fundus photography. METHOD A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma, choroidal nevi, or congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium at a tertiary academic medical centre. Included patients had a single ultra-wide-field fundus photograph (Optos PLC, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland) of adequate quality to visualize the lesion of interest, as confirmed by a single ocular oncologist. These images were used to develop and test a machine-learning algorithm for lesion segmentation. RESULTS A total of 396 images were used to develop a machine-learning algorithm for lesion segmentation. Ninety additional images were used in the testing data set along with images of 30 healthy control individuals. Of the images with successfully detected lesions, the machine-learning segmentation yielded Dice coefficients of 0.86, 0.81, and 0.85 for uveal melanoma, choroidal nevi, and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium, respectively. Sensitivities for any lesion detection per image were 1.00, 0.90, and 0.87, respectively. For images without lesions, specificity was 0.93. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a novel machine-learning algorithm's performance, suggesting its potential clinical utility as a widely accessible method of screening choroidal tumours. Additional evaluation methods are necessary to further enhance the model's lesion classification and diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sabrina P Iddir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sanjay Ganesh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Darvin Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael J Heiferman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Song Z. Identification and validation of a costimulatory molecule-related signature to predict the prognosis for uveal melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9146. [PMID: 38644411 PMCID: PMC11033288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary tumor in adult human eyes. Costimulatory molecules (CMs) are important in maintaining T cell biological functions and regulating immune responses. To investigate the role of CMs in UVM and exploit prognostic signature by bioinformatics analysis. This study aimed to identify and validate a CMs associated signature and investigate its role in the progression and prognosis of UVM. The expression profile data of training cohort and validation cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. 60 CM genes were identified, and 34 genes were associated with prognosis by univariate Cox regression. A prognostic signature was established with six CM genes. Further, high- and low-risk groups were divided by the median, and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves indicated that high-risk patients presented a poorer prognosis. We analyzed the correlation of gender, age, stage, and risk score on prognosis by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. We found that risk score was the only risk factor for prognosis. Through the integration of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), it was found that the high-risk group presented more immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoints and obtained higher immune scores. Enrichment analysis of the biological functions of the two groups revealed that the differential parts were mainly related to cell-cell adhesion, regulation of T-cell activation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. No differences in tumor mutation burden (TMB) were found between the two groups. GNA11 and BAP1 have higher mutation frequencies in high-risk patients. Finally, based on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer 2 (GDSC2) dataset, drug sensitivity analysis found that high-risk patients may be potential beneficiaries of the treatment of crizotinib or temozolomide. Taken together, our CM-related prognostic signature is a reliable biomarker that may provide ideas for future treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang JZ, Paulus P, Niu Y, Zhu L, Morisseau C, Rawling T, Murray M, Hammock BD, Zhou F. The Role of Autophagy in Human Uveal Melanoma and the Development of Potential Disease Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Paradigms. Biomedicines 2024; 12:462. [PMID: 38398064 PMCID: PMC10886749 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a form of programmed cell degradation that enables the maintenance of homeostasis in response to extracellular stress stimuli. Autophagy is primarily activated by starvation and mediates the degradation, removal, or recycling of cell cytoplasm, organelles, and intracellular components in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is also involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including several cancers. Human uveal melanoma (UM) is the primary intraocular malignancy in adults and has an extremely poor prognosis; at present there are no effective therapies. Several studies have suggested that autophagy is important in UM. By understanding the mechanisms of activation of autophagy in UM it may be possible to develop biomarkers to provide more definitive disease prognoses and to identify potential drug targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the current information regarding autophagy in UM that could facilitate biomarker and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janney Z. Wang
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paus Paulus
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yihe Niu
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA (B.D.H.)
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Michael Murray
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA (B.D.H.)
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Bai X, Li S, Luo Y. FOXM1 promote the growth and metastasis of uveal melanoma cells by regulating CDK2 expression. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:55. [PMID: 38342795 PMCID: PMC10859341 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is an aggressive malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the eye. Here, we screened the possible genes involved in the development and prognosis of UVM, and identified that FOXM1 and MET were associated with the prognosis of UVM patients. Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cell cycle-related genes that are necessary for DNA duplication. However, the regulatory mechanism of FOXM1 in UVM was still not clear. Here, we investigated the regulation of FOXM1 in the malignant phenotype of UVM cells and its effect on the prognosis of UVM patients. METHODS UVM gene expression profiles were obtained using GSE22138 data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a key module gene for metastasis, which was strongly correlated with UVM prognosis. The latent biological pathways were identified through gene ontology analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub shared gene authentication were performed. GEPIA and UALCAN databases were used for the analysis of relationship between candidate genes (FOXM1 or MET) and the prognosis of UVM patients. The abundance of FOXM1 was examined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Colony formation and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays for cell proliferation, wound healing assay for migration, and transwell invasion analysis for invasion were performed. RESULTS GEO database showed the differentially expressed genes between UVM samples with or without metastasis, and a key module gene for metastasis was constructed by WGCNA. The PPI network revealed that seven candidate genes (VEGFA, KRAS, MET, SRC, EZR, FOXM1, and CCNB1) were closely associated with UVM metastasis. GEPIA and UALCAN analyzes suggested that FOXM1 and MET are related to the prognosis of patients with UVM. These experimental results suggested that FOXM1 was highly expressed in UVM cells. FOXM1 deficiency represses the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of UVM cells. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 silencing may hinder UVM cell progression, providing a novel theoretical basis and new insights for UVM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Gonsalves CF. Immunoembolization for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma Hepatic Metastases. Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:20-26. [PMID: 38495266 PMCID: PMC10940043 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease despite successful treatment of the primary eye tumor. The liver is the most common site of metastatic disease occurring in more than 90% of patients. Clinical prognosis is dependent on the ability to control the growth of liver tumors. Locoregional therapies play an important role in stabilizing liver metastases, prolonging survival for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. As overall survival is prolonged, the development of extrahepatic disease becomes more common. Immunoembolization, a form of liver-directed therapy, not only focuses on treating hepatic metastases by stimulating the local immune system to suppress the growth of liver tumors, but it potentially generates a systemic immune response delaying the growth of extrahepatic metastases as well. The following article discusses immunoembolization for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma including the rationale, mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, outcomes, and associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin F. Gonsalves
- Interventional Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Tang F, Ding A, Xu Y, Ye Y, Li L, Xie R, Huang W. Gene and Photothermal Combination Therapy: Principle, Materials, and Amplified Anticancer Intervention. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307078. [PMID: 37775950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy (GT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising alternatives to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment, offering noninvasiveness and reduced side effects. However, their efficacy as standalone treatments is limited. GT exhibits slow response rates, while PTT is confined to local tumor ablation. The convergence of GT and PTT, known as GT-PTT, facilitated by photothermal gene nanocarriers, has attracted considerable attention across various disciplines. In this integrated approach, GT reciprocates PTT by sensitizing cellular response to heat, while PTT benefits GT by improving gene translocation, unpacking, and expression. Consequently, this integration presents a unique opportunity for cancer therapy with rapid response and improved effectiveness. Extensive efforts over the past few years have been dedicated to the development of GT-PTT, resulting in notable achievements and rapid progress from the laboratory to potential clinical applications. This comprehensive review outlines recent advances in GT-PTT, including synergistic mechanisms, material systems, imaging-guided therapy, and anticancer applications. It also explores the challenges and future prospects in this nascent field. By presenting innovative ideas and insights into the implementation of GT-PTT for enhanced cancer therapy, this review aims to inspire further progress in this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yao Xu
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yingsong Ye
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rongjun Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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DePietro DM, Li X, Shamimi-Noori SM. Chemoembolization Beyond Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Tumors Can We Treat and When? Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:27-47. [PMID: 38495263 PMCID: PMC10940046 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastases are the most common malignancy found in the liver and are 20 to 40 times more common than primary hepatic tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with liver metastases often present with advanced disease and are not eligible for curative-intent surgery or ablative techniques. The unique hepatic arterial blood supply of liver metastases allows interventional radiologists to target these tumors with transarterial therapies. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been studied in the treatment of liver metastases originating from a variety of primary malignancies and has demonstrated benefits in terms of hepatic progression-free survival, overall survival, and symptomatic relief, among other benefits. Depending on the primary tumor from which they originate, liver metastases may have different indications for TACE, may utilize different TACE regimens and techniques, and may result in different post-procedural outcomes. This review offers an overview of TACE techniques and specific considerations in the treatment of liver metastases, provides an in-depth review of TACE in the treatment of liver metastases originating from colorectal cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, and uveal melanoma, which represent some of the many tumors beyond hepatocellular carcinoma that can be treated by TACE, and summarizes data regarding when one should consider TACE in their treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. DePietro
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan M. Shamimi-Noori
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Khan SA, Almalki WH, Arora S, Kesharwani P. Recent approaches for the treatment of uveal melanoma: Opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104218. [PMID: 38040071 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular cancer in adult population. Primary methods for treatment of UM involves surgery Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), Plaque Brachytherapy, phototherapy, and Charged Particle Radiation Therapy (CPT). It has been found that approximately 50 % of patients diagnosed with UM ultimately experience development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, it has been identified that majority of the patient experience metastasis in liver with a prevalence of 95 %. Management of metastatic UM (MUM) involves various therapeutic modalities, including systemic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and liver directed interventions. We outline gene mutation in UM and addresses various treatment modalities, including molecular targeted therapy, miRNA-based therapy, and immunotherapy. Additionally, inclusion of ongoing clinical trials aimed at developing novel therapeutic options for management of UM are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauban Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swaranjeet Arora
- Department of Finance and Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, 11/07 Dwarka Sector 11, Near Metro Station, New Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Iddir SP, Love J, Ma JS, Bryan JM, Ganesh S, Heiferman MJ, Yi D. Predicting Malignant Transformation of Choroidal Nevi Using Machine Learning. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3778562. [PMID: 38196619 PMCID: PMC10775400 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778562/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess a machine learning (ML) algorithm using multimodal imaging to accurately identify risk factors for uveal melanoma (UM) and aid in the diagnosis of melanocytic choroidal tumors. Subjects and Methods This study included 223 eyes from 221 patients with melanocytic choroidal lesions seen at the eye clinic of the University of Illinois at Chicago between 01/2010 and 07/2022. An ML algorithm was developed and trained on ultra-widefield fundus imaging and B-scan ultrasonography to detect risk factors of malignant transformation of choroidal lesions into UM. The risk factors were verified using all multimodal imaging available from the time of diagnosis. We also explore classification of lesions into UM and choroidal nevi using the ML algorithm. Results The ML algorithm assessed features of ultra-widefield fundus imaging and B-scan ultrasonography to determine the presence of the following risk factors for malignant transformation: lesion thickness, subretinal fluid, orange pigment, proximity to optic nerve, ultrasound hollowness, and drusen. The algorithm also provided classification of lesions into UM and choroidal nevi. A total of 115 patients with choroidal nevi and 108 patients with UM were included. The mean lesion thickness for choroidal nevi was 1.6 mm and for UM was 5.9 mm. Eleven ML models were implemented and achieved high accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.982 for thickness prediction and 0.964 for subretinal fluid prediction. Sensitivity/specificity values ranged from 0.900/0.818 to 1.000/0.727 for different features. The ML algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in identifying risk factors and differentiating lesions based on the analyzed imaging data. Conclusions This study provides proof of concept that ML can accurately identify risk factors for malignant transformation in melanocytic choroidal tumors based on a single ultra-widefield fundus image or B-scan ultrasound at the time of initial presentation. By leveraging the efficiency and availability of ML, this study has the potential to provide a non-invasive tool that helps to prevent unnecessary treatment, improve our ability to predict malignant transformation, reduce the risk of metastasis, and potentially save patient lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina P Iddir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Jacob Love
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Jiechao Simon Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - John M Bryan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University
| | - Sanjay Ganesh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Michael J Heiferman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Darvin Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Told R, Kreminger J, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Dunavoelgyi R, Reumueller A. Impact of Choroidal Melanoma Characteristics on Progression-Free Survival in Patients Undergoing Hypofractionated Stereotactic Photon Radiotherapy. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:3039-3046. [PMID: 37665498 PMCID: PMC10640552 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In an effort to replace ultrasonography-based thickness measurements, we investigated whether choroidal melanoma characteristics are related to progression-free survival (PFS) in patients monitored after linear accelerator (LINAC)-based hypofractionated stereotactic photon radiotherapy. METHODS In a retrospective dataset, we used a linear mixed model to assess the associations between PFS and tumor characteristics; in particular, thickness, largest basal diameter (LBD), base area and volume. RESULTS Thickness and LBD are statistically significantly associated with PFS. In a subgroup of 16 patients undergoing enucleation due to melanoma recurrence or progression, there were statistically significant changes in mean thickness and LBD before surgery. Mean PFS was 42 ± 30 months. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography-based thickness measurements may not be necessary for treated choroidal melanoma monitoring; instead, we propose sequential LBD assessments, which should preferably be performed using fundus photography in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Told
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Kreminger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Dunavoelgyi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adrian Reumueller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Yao X, Dadzie A, Iddir S, Abtahi M, Ebrahimi B, Le D, Ganesh S, Son T, Heiferman M. Color Fusion Effect on Deep Learning Classification of Uveal Melanoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3399214. [PMID: 37986860 PMCID: PMC10659548 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3399214/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Reliable differentiation of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi is crucial to guide appropriate treatment, preventing unnecessary procedures for benign lesions and ensuring timely treatment for potentially malignant cases. The purpose of this study is to validate deep learning classification of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi, and to evaluate the effect of color fusion options on the classification performance. Methods A total of 798 ultra-widefield retinal images of 438 patients were included in this retrospective study, comprising 157 patients diagnosed with UM and 281 patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus. Color fusion options, including early fusion, intermediate fusion and late fusion, were tested for deep learning image classification with a convolutional neural network (CNN). Specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, accuracy, and the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to evaluate the classification performance. The saliency map visualization technique was used to understand the areas in the image that had the most influence on classification decisions of the CNN. Results Color fusion options were observed to affect the deep learning performance significantly. For single-color learning, the red color image was observed to have superior performance compared to green and blue channels. For multi-color learning, the intermediate fusion is better than early and late fusion options. Conclusion Deep learning is a promising approach for automated classification of uveal melanoma and choroidal nevi, and color fusion options can significantly affect the classification performance.
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Lescot T, Lebel-Cormier MA, Seniwal B, Gros-Louis P, Bellerive C, Landreville S, Beaulieu L, Fortin MA. Tumor Shape-Specific Brachytherapy Implants by 3D-Printing, Precision Radioactivity Painting, and Biomedical Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300528. [PMID: 37536742 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In brachytherapy (BT), or internal radiation therapy, cancer is treated by radioactive implants. For instance, episcleral plaques (EPs) for the treatment of uveal melanoma, are designed according to generic population approximations. However, more personalized implants can enhance treatment precision through better adjustment of dose profiles to the contours of cancerous tissues. An original approach integrating biomedical imaging, 3D printing, radioactivity painting, and biomedical imaging, is developed as a workflow for the development of tumor shape-specific BT implants. First, computer-aided design plans of EP are prepared according to guidelines prescribed by the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study protocol. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high-performance polymer suitable for permanent implants, is used to 3D-print plaques and the geometrical accuracy of the printed design is evaluated by imaging. The possibility to modulate the dose distribution in a tridimensional manner is demonstrated by painting the inner surfaces of the EPs with radioactive 103Pd, followed by dose profile measurements. The possibility to modulate dose distributions generated by these 3D-printed plaques through radioactivity painting is therefore confirmed. Ex vivo surgical tests on human eyeballs are performed as an assessment of manipulation ease. Overall, this work provides a solution for the fabrication of tumor-specific radioactive implants requiring higher dose precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophraste Lescot
- Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux and Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Lebel-Cormier
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d'Optique, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Service de physique médicale et radioprotection and Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Baljeet Seniwal
- Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux and Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros-Louis
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO) and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Claudine Bellerive
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO) and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO) and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Luc Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d'Optique, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Service de physique médicale et radioprotection and Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux and Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
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Zhang X, Lin Z, Li M, Gai Y, Zheng H, Fan L, Ruan W, Hu F, Chen J, Lan X. Melanin-targeted [ 18F]-PFPN PET imaging for prognosticating patients with melanoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3062-3071. [PMID: 37191681 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]-PFPN, a melanin-targeted imaging tracer, has excellent diagnostic performance in patients with melanoma. This study aimed to investigate its value in prognostication and determine predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS We reviewed melanoma patients who underwent [18F]-PFPN and [18F]-FDG PET from February 2021 to July 2022. Clinical characteristics, follow-up data, and the following [18F]-PFPN PET parameters were recorded: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), whole-body melanotic tumoral volume (WBMTV), and whole-body total lesion melanin (WBTLM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Seventy-six patients (47 men and 29 women; mean age, 57.99 ± 10.72 years) were included for analysis. Median follow-up was 12.0 months (range: 1-22 months). Eighteen patients died and 38 experienced progression. Median OS was 17.60 months (95% confidence interval, 15.89-19.31). In the ROC analysis, [18F]-PFPN PET parameters were superior to those of [18F]-FDG PET in prognosticating death and disease progression. PFS and OS were significantly better in patients with lower SUVmax, WBMTV, and WBTLM on [18F]-PFPN PET (log-rank, P < 0.05). In the univariate analyses, distant metastasis, SUVmax, WBMTV, and WBTLM were significantly associated with cumulative incidence of PFS and OS (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, SUVmax was an independent predictor of PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS [18F]-PFPN PET has a role in prognostication of melanoma patients. Patients with higher [18F]-PFPN SUVmax have worse prognosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05645484. Registered 9 December, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05645484?cond=The+Prognostic+Value+of+18F-PFPN+PET+Imaging+in+Patients+With+Malignant+Melanoma&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaoguo Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zheng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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Fu L, Huang Q, Wu Y, Chen D. Prognostic analysis of uveal melanoma based on the characteristic genes of M2-type macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:280. [PMID: 37434120 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma arises from stromal melanocytes and is the most prevalent primary intraocular tumor in adults. It poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its high malignancy and early onset of metastases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of diverse immune cells in tumor cell development and metastasis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and the gene expression omnibus databases, and the CIBERSORT method, we investigated the topography of intra-tumor immune infiltration in uveal melanoma in this research. We evaluated the prognosis of uveal melanoma patients using the M2 macrophage immune cell infiltration score in conjunction with clinical tumor patient data. We built a prognostic model based on the distinctive genes of M2 macrophages and combined it with patients' clinical data in the database; we ran a survival prognostic analysis to authenticate the model's accuracy. The functional study revealed the importance of macrophage-associated genes in the development of uveal melanoma. Moreover, the reliability of our prediction model was verified by combining tumor mutational load, immune checkpoint, and drug sensitivity, respectively. Our study provides a reference for the follow-up study of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jian Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jian Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diang Chen
- Department of Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
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Weixler B, Lobbes LA, Scheiner L, Lauscher JC, Staubli SM, Zuber M, Raptis DA. The Value of Indocyanine Green Image-Guided Surgery in Patients with Primary Liver Tumors and Liver Metastases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1290. [PMID: 37374073 DOI: 10.3390/life13061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Successful R0 resection is crucial for the survival of patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) or liver metastases. Up to date, surgical resection lacks a sensitive, real-time intraoperative imaging modality to determine R0 resection. Real-time intraoperative visualization with near-infrared light fluorescence (NIRF) using indocyanine green (ICG) may have the potential to meet this demand. This study evaluates the value of ICG visualization in PLC and liver metastases surgery regarding R0 resection rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with PLC or liver metastases were included in this prospective cohort study. ICG 10 mg was administered intravenously 24 h before surgery. Real-time intraoperative NIRF visualization was created with the SpectrumTM fluorescence imaging camera system. First, all liver segments were inspected with the fluorescence imaging system and intraoperative ultrasound for identification of the known tumor, as well as additional lesions, and were compared to preoperative MRI images. PLC, liver metastases, and additional lesions were then resected according to oncological principles. In all resected specimens, the resection margins were analyzed with the fluorescence imaging system for ICG-positive spots immediately after resection. Histology of additional detected lesions, as well as ICG fluorescence compared to histological resection margins, were assessed. RESULTS Of the 66 included patients, median age was 65.5 years (IQR 58.7-73.9), 27 (40.9%) were female, and 18 (27.3%) were operated on laparoscopically. Additional ICG-positive lesions were detected in 23 (35.4%) patients, of which 9 (29%) were malignant. In patients with no fluorescent signal at the resection margin, R0 rate was 93.9%, R1 rate was 6.1%, and R2 rate was 0% compared to an ICG-positive resection margin with an R0 rate of 64.3%, R1 rate of 21.4%, and R2 rate of 14.3% (p = 0.005). One- and two-year overall survival rates were 95.2% and 88.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The presented study provides significant evidence that ICG NIRF guidance helps to identify R0 resection intraoperatively. This offers true potential to verify radical resection and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, implementation of NIRF-guided imaging in liver tumor surgery allows us to detect a considerable amount of additional malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weixler
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard A Lobbes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Scheiner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes C Lauscher
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Staubli
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Markus Zuber
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri A Raptis
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Broggi G, Failla M, Russo A, Longo A, Palicelli A, Zanelli M, Lombardo C, Loreto C, Merolla F, Di Crescenzo RM, Ilardi G, Varricchio S, Staibano S, Caltabiano R. Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME is a marker of poor prognosis in uveal melanoma: A clinico-pathologic and immunohistochemical study on a series of 85 cases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154543. [PMID: 37210771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer testis antigen, first isolated in tumor-reactive T-cell clones from a metastatic melanoma patient. It has been widely studied in skin pathology as an immunohistochemical marker capable of distinguishing between benign nevi and malignant melanomas. PRAME has been found to be also expressed in non-melanocytic tumors, including lung, breast, kidney and ovarian cancer. However, less is known about the diagnostic and/or prognostic role of this protein in uveal melanoma (UM); few studies have reported that PRAME expression seems to give to UM patients an additional metastatic risk beyond the other already-known prognostic parameters. In the present retrospective study, we aimed to correlate PRAME immunoreactivity to other clinico-pathologic features and follow-up data on a large series of 85 cases (45 non-metastasizing and 40 metastasizing tumors) of primary UM. A statistically significant correlation was found between PRAME expression and higher metastatic risk and lower metastasis-free survival. We propose to include PRAME in the immunohistochemical panel of UM as an easily usable marker capable of predicting higher metastatic risk and stratifying patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Failla
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Human Anatomy, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Human Anatomy, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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21
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Mustak H, Lo C, Cohen LM, Tran A, Almanzor R, McCannel TA, Goldberg RA, Rootman DB. Extrascleral extension of choroidal melanoma after iodine-125 brachytherapy treatment: a case series. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:249-255. [PMID: 34987200 PMCID: PMC9873620 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to report cases of choroidal melanoma that developed extrascleral tumour recurrence after treatment with iodine-125 brachytherapy. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this single-institution retrospective observational case series, all instances of biopsy-confirmed orbital melanoma after known intraocular melanoma were reviewed. Tumour characteristics, clinical course, time to recurrence, cytogenetics of initial tumour and recurrence, and presence of intraocular recurrence were documented. RESULTS Five cases of orbital melanoma following treatment with plaque radiotherapy are described. Tumour staging was Ia (1), IIa (2), and IIb (2). The primary lesion in four of the five appeared to have undergone complete regression for an average of 2 years, with the orbital melanoma developing after this interval. Recurrence of the intraocular tumour was seen in conjunction with an extrascleral component in two cases. Four cases ultimately underwent enucleation or exenteration; three had evidence of direct extension of tumour through the sclera. Four cases in this series had molecular characteristics associated with high metastatic risk (three patients with monosomy 3, one with BAP1 mutation). CONCLUSIONS High-risk tumour biology may predispose to late appearance of extrascleral melanoma despite optimal treatment and adequate control of the intraocular tumour. Extended follow-up with detailed orbital examination and imaging is recommended for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Mustak
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Lo
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liza M Cohen
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Tran
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Almanzor
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A McCannel
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Goldberg
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Rootman
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Nan X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Nan X. Multiple epigenetic modification profiles reveal the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical outcomes of uveal melanoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1155199. [PMID: 37124608 PMCID: PMC10132731 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1155199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive intraocular cancer that, in 50% of cases, spreads to the patient's other systems. The exact cause of the increased metastatic rate is still unknown. Methylation and immune response, metastasis, and the expansion of cancer cells are closely related. Additionally, proteins linked to RNA methylation have come to light as possible cancer treatment targets. However, the relationship between methylation-related genes (MRGs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still not understood. The goal of this work was to discover important MRGs and create a signature for UM patients' prognosis prediction. Using two different data sets, we examined the MRG expression patterns in the transcriptional and genomic regions of 106 UM samples. We discovered a connection between the clinicopathological traits of the patients, their prognosis, the capability of TME cells to infiltrate, and various MRG changes. Following that, we developed an MRGs signature to forecast prognosis, and we evaluated the model's precision in patients with UM. We grouped the patients into multiple categories based on their clinical traits, looked at the survival rates for various groups within various groupings, and tested their accuracy. Additionally, to increase the practical usability of the MRGs model, we created a very accurate nomogram. TIDE scores were higher in the low-risk group. We go over how MGRs could impact UM's TME, immunotherapy responsiveness, prognosis, and clinically significant features. We looked for different chemotherapeutic drugs and cutting-edge targeted agents for patients in diverse subgroups in order to better understand MRGs in UM. This helped in the creation of customized therapy to open new doors. We could also further research the prognosis and develop more efficient immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuai Nan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangzhou Aier New Vision Eye Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinshan Nan
- Department of ICU, Hua Xin Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xinshan Nan,
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23
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Geng Y, Geng Y, Liu X, Chai Q, Li X, Ren T, Shang Q. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-derived risk score exhibits correlation with immune infiltration in uveal melanoma patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167930. [PMID: 37152048 PMCID: PMC10157141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is a rare but highly aggressive intraocular tumor with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have implicated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathogenesis and progression of UVM. Here, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related genes (PRGs) in UVM and develop a novel prognostic-related risk model. Using unsupervised clustering on 14 PRGs profiles, we identified three distinct subtypes with varying immune characteristics. Subtype A demonstrated the worst overall survival and showed higher expression of human leukocyte antigen, immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration. Further enrichment analysis revealed that subtype A mainly functioned in inflammatory response, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Differential analysis between different subtypes identified 56 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the major enrichment pathway of these DEGs associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Based on these DEGs, we developed a consensus machine learning-derived signature (RSF model) that exhibited the best power for predicting prognosis among 76 algorithm combinations. The novel signature demonstrated excellent robustness and predictive ability for the overall survival of patients. Moreover, we observed that patients classified by risk scores had distinguishable immune status and mutation. In conclusion, our study identified a consensus machine learning-derived signature as a potential biomarker for prognostic prediction in UVM patients. Our findings suggest that this signature is correlated with tumor immune infiltration and may serve as a valuable tool for personalized therapy in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yulei Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhaung, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiannan Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Taoran Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Qingli Shang, ;
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24
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Chen Y, Zheng A, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Chen M, Li W, Li X, Sun Y, Gu L, Xiao Z, Shen J. Dysregulation of B7 family and its association with tumor microenvironment in uveal melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026076. [PMID: 36311731 PMCID: PMC9615147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults with a poor prognosis. B7 family is an important modulator of the immune response. However, its dysregulation and underlying molecular mechanism in UVM still remains unclear. Methods Data were derived from TCGA and GEO databases. The prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. The ESTIMATE algorithm, CIBERSORT algorithm, and TIMER database were used to demonstrate the correlation between B7 family and tumor immune microenvironment in UVM. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to detect the expression levels of the B7 family in different cell types of UVM. UVM was classified into different types by consistent clustering. Enrichment analysis revealed downstream signaling pathways of the B7 family. The interaction between different cell types was visualized by cell chat. Results The expression level of B7 family in UVM was significantly dysregulated and negatively correlated with methylation level. The expression of B7 family was associated with prognosis and immune infiltration, and B7 family plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). B7 family members were highly expressed in monocytes/macrophages of UVM compared with other cell types. Immune response and visual perception were the main functions affected by B7 family. The result of cell chat showed that the interaction between photoreceptor cells and immune-related cells was mainly generated by HLA-C-CD8A. CABP4, KCNJ10 and RORB had the strongest correlation with HLA-C-CD8A, and their high expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. CABP4 and RORB were specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells. Conclusions Dysregulation of the B7 family in UVM is associated with poor prognosis and affects the tumor immune microenvironment. CABP4 and RORB can serve as potential therapeutic targets for UVM, which can be regulated by the B7 family to affect the visual perception and immune response function of the eye, thus influencing the prognosis of UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anfu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shen, ; Zhangang Xiao,
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shen, ; Zhangang Xiao,
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25
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Orbital Tumors-Clinical, Radiologic and Histopathologic Correlation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102376. [PMID: 36292065 PMCID: PMC9600631 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital masses include a broad spectrum of benign and malignant entities. Often these masses are asymptomatic or show a slow growth rate, so that emergence of clinical symptoms is prolonged. In this context, cross-sectional imaging plays an elementary role in the characterization of these lesions. Aside from the characterization of the underlying entity, an evaluation of the involved compartments is possible by sufficient imaging, which also facilitates optimal treatment and surgery planning. The purpose of this review is to explore different benign and malignant orbital tumors and their typical appearance in imaging together with histopathologic findings.
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26
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Lei P, Xue L, Wu Y, Zhong J. MicroRNA-592 serves as a novel tumor suppressor in Uveal melanoma: bioinformatics analysis and in vitro cell function verification. Bioengineered 2022; 13:15033-15044. [PMID: 37105900 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM), one common eye tumor in adults, is related with a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. Studies have shown that many miRNAs are abnormally expressed in UVM tissues, and play an important regulatory role in the cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of UVM. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the expression characteristics of microRNAs (miRNAs) in UVM and clarify the role of miRNA in the tumorigenesis and development of UVM. In this study, we firstly downloaded and analyzed miRNA expression data of UVM tissues in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database to select the differential expressed miRNAs in different clinical stages (IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IV). Compared with other stages, microRNA-592 (miR-592) was up-regulated in stage IV UVM patients. Then we used several bioinformatics tools including miRbase, miRDB, RNA22 and TargetScan, and found that it was be conserved in different species. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. The proliferation and invasion of MUM-2B and C819 cells was measured using Edu assay and Transwell assay. We found that silencing miR-592 enhanced the progression of UVM cells, while miR592 overexpression inhibited the cell growth and invasion. The target genes of miR-592 were predicted by three webservers (miRDB, RNA22, and TargetScan), and verified by Real-Time PCR (qPCR). This is the first study to explore the role of miR-592 in malignant progression of UVM by bioinformatics and cell experiments. Our study suggests that tumor suppressor miR-592 may function as potential therapeutic target and biomarker for UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated First Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
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27
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Solnik M, Paduszyńska N, Czarnecka AM, Synoradzki KJ, Yousef YA, Chorągiewicz T, Rejdak R, Toro MD, Zweifel S, Dyndor K, Fiedorowicz M. Imaging of Uveal Melanoma—Current Standard and Methods in Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133147. [PMID: 35804919 PMCID: PMC9265106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults, derived from melanocytes; the liver is the most common site of its metastases. Due to troublesome tumor localization, different imaging techniques are utilized in diagnostics, i.e., fundus imaging (FI), ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), or fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Specialists eagerly use these techniques, but sometimes the precision and quality of the obtained images are imperfect, raising diagnostic doubts and prompting the search for new ones. In addition to analyzing the currently utilized methods, this review also introduces experimental techniques that may be adapted to clinical practice in the future. Moreover, we raise the topic and present a perspective for personalized medicine in uveal melanoma treatment. Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients’ chances for early treatment. We reviewed imaging modalities currently used in the diagnostics of uveal melanoma, including fundus imaging, ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of imaging techniques is briefly explained, along with their role in the diagnostic process and a summary of their advantages and limitations. Further, the experimental data and the advancements in imaging modalities are explained. We describe UM imaging innovations, show their current usage and development, and explain the possibilities of utilizing such modalities to diagnose uveal melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Solnik
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Paduszyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil J. Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Katarzyna Dyndor
- Department of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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28
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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Lv M, Yan X, Tu Y. A Predictive Web-Based Nomogram for Elderly Patients Newly Diagnosed as Uveal Melanoma: A Population-Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:799083. [PMID: 35814753 PMCID: PMC9259836 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular tumor in adults. This study aims to develop a nomogram and an individualized web-based calculator to predict the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with UM. Methods Patients aged more than 60 years and diagnosed with UM were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004–2015. The selected patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to determine the independent prognostic factors, and the predictors were integrated to establish a nomogram for predicting the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS of elderly patients with UM. The discrimination of the nomogram was validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The clinical practicability and accuracy of the nomogram were evaluated by the calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). A web-based survival calculator was then constructed using a fitted survival prediction model (https://yuexinupup.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/). Results A total of 1,427 patients with UM were included in this study. Age, T stage, N stage, M stage, marital status, sex, and radiotherapy (RT) were identified as independent prognostic factors. Based on the abovementioned factors, the nomogram was then constructed. The AUC values of the nomogram predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS were 0.841, 0.801, and 0.768 in the training cohort, and 0.745, 0.717, and 0.710 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves and DCA also indicated the good performance of the predictive model. Conclusion This study established and validated a novel nomogram risk stratification model and a web-based survival rate calculator that can dynamically predict the long-term OS for elderly patients with UM.
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Deng JJ, Liu L, Ge Y, Song Z, Huang J, Fan G, Xiong XF. Synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives as small molecule Gαq/11 inhibitors against uveal melanoma. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114520. [PMID: 35716516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality in adults and lacks effective systemic therapies. Activating gene mutations related to the Gαq/11 signaling pathway are prevalent in UM, and Gαq/11 inhibitors have shown anti-UM activity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives as Gαq/11 inhibitors, and discovered GQ352 with the selective antiproliferative activity against UM cells. Importantly, GQ352 directly binds to the Gαq and inhibits the dissociation of Gαβγ heterotrimers with the IC50 value of 8.9 μM. GQ352 inhibits UM tumorigenesis by suppressing Gαq/11 downstream ERK phosphorylation and YAP dephosphorylation, as shown in Western blot analysis. In addition, GQ352 displayed reasonable physiochemical properties and human liver microsome stability, indicating the potential application in UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Ge
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhendong Song
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Zhu X, Zou W, Meng X, Ji J, Wang X, Shu H, Chen Y, Pan D, Wang K, Zhou F. Elaiophylin Inhibits Tumorigenesis of Human Uveal Melanoma by Suppressing Mitophagy and Inducing Oxidative Stress via Modulating SIRT1/FoxO3a Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788496. [PMID: 35387119 PMCID: PMC8978265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, which is associated with poor prognosis. Up to 50% of UM patients develop metastasis. Therapeutics that have proven effective in cutaneous melanoma have little success in treating UM, possibly due to its low mutational burden. Therefore, new drug therapies are highly desired for UM. Our in vitro studies showed that Elaiophylin, a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, exhibited an outstanding anticancer activity in human UM cell lines and human UM primary cells through suppressing mitophagy, inducing oxidative stress and leading to autophagic cell death. Our mechanistic study revealed that Elaiophylin exerted its effect by down-regulating SIRT1 and thus influencing deacetylation and mitochondrial localization of FoxO3a. In our confirmatory experiments, SRT1720, a SIRT1 specific activator, could attenuate Elaiophylin-induced inhibition of mitophagy and elevation of oxidative stress, and such effects was partly reversed by FoxO3a knockdown. Our further in vivo studies showed that Elaiophylin dramatically inhibited tumor growth in the human UM xenograft mouse model, which was accompanied with a decreased SIRT1 expression. Thus, the current study is the first to demonstrate that Elaiophylin has a potent anti-cancer effect against UM, which activity is possibly mediated through regulating SIRT1-FoxO3a signaling axis. And Elaiophylin may be a new and promising drug candidate to treat human UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinmin Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiali Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Failla M, Caltabiano R, Longo A, Russo A, Reibaldi M, Avitabile T, Piombino E, Colarossi C, Colarossi L, Tirrò E, Vigneri P, Foti PV, Broggi G. A Case of Non-Irradiated Balloon Cell Melanoma of the Choroid: Expanding the Morphological Spectrum of Primary Uveal Melanomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030642. [PMID: 35328195 PMCID: PMC8947588 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults and usually has a very poor prognosis. Histologically, UMs have been classified in epithelioid cell type, spindle cell type, and mixed cell type. Balloon cells are large pale cells that contain small, hyperchromatic, central nuclei with vesiculated, clear, and lipid-rich cytoplasm. A balloon cell morphology is infrequently observed in naevi and even less frequently in malignant melanomas of the skin, conjunctiva, ciliary body and choroid. In this regard, UMs that exhibit balloon cell features are generally those previously treated with proton beam irradiation and then enucleated, rather than those that directly underwent primary surgery. To the best of our knowledge, very few cases of primary UM showing extensive balloon cell morphology have been reported in scientific literature to date. We herein present an unusual case of primary UM with diffuse balloon cell changes in a 69-year-old woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Failla
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (G.B.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Antonio Longo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Andrea Russo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (T.A.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Eliana Piombino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (P.V.)
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Pietro Valerio Foti
- Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (G.B.)
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Zhang H, Jin C, Zhang L, Peng B, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li L, Ye M, Xiong W, Tan W. CD71-Specific Aptamer Conjugated with Monomethyl Auristatin E for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32-40. [PMID: 34928139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy among adults. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, the general mortality of UM remains alarmingly high. This calls for the development of new approaches for the treatment of UM, such as targeted cancer therapy. CD71, also known as transferrin receptor 1, is overexpressed in UM cell lines and tissues. Herein, we report the development of a CD71-specific aptamer targeting the XQ-2d-MMAE conjugate that can distinguish UM cells from normal human uveal melanocytes. The cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) could be easily coupled onto XQ-2d, a DNA aptamer that specifically targets CD71, to achieve efficiently targeted cancer growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model, thus implying that XQ-2d-MMAE might be developed into a promising novel anti-tumor agent for the treatment of UM. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CD71 is a reliable target for drug delivery in UM and could be utilized as a model to explore aptamer-mediated targeted UM treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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Alexander H, Wen D, Chu M, Han C, Hadden P, Thomas R, Bartlett A. Selective internal radiation therapy for hepatic metastases of uveal melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210200. [PMID: 34757824 PMCID: PMC8722257 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uveal melanoma (UM) commonly metastasizes to the liver. Treatment usually consists of liver-directed therapies, such as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). This review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of SIRT for hepatic metastases from UM. METHODS The study protocol is available at OSF (https://osf.io/vhyct/). EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched until July 2020, using terms related to SIRT and hepatic metastases from UM. Studies reporting outcomes of SIRT in patients with UM and at least one hepatic metastasis were included. Data on overall survival (OS), hepatic progression free survival (hPFS) or tumor response were collected. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess risk of bias. RESULTS 11 studies were included, reporting outcomes for 268 patients with hepatic metastases from UM. Most studies (n = 9, 81.8%) were retrospective. Disease control was achieved in 170 patients (67.5%) and the median OS from time of SIRT was 12.3 months. Median hPFS was 5.4 months. Low-grade side-effects were common but serious complications were infrequent. There were two treatment-related deaths. The median NOS score was 6 (moderate risk of bias). CONCLUSION SIRT appears to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from UM. The certainty of our results is unclear due to predominantly retrospective data with moderate risk of bias. Further prospective studies are required to explore the role of SIRT in UM. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE SIRT appears to be a safe treatment for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from UM. Further prospective work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Alexander
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Wen
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Chu
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Hadden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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Cystatin C and cystatin SN as possible soluble tumor markers in malignant uveal melanoma. Radiol Oncol 2021; 56:83-91. [PMID: 34957724 PMCID: PMC8884861 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of endogenous cystatin C and cystatin SN, as potential tumor biomarkers, in the serum and biological fluids of the eye in both healthy controls and patients with uveal melanoma. Patients and methods The concentration of both cystatins was determined in the intraocular fluid (IOF), tear fluid, and serum of patients with uveal melanoma and compared to baseline measurements in IOF, tears, serum, cerebral spinal fluid, saliva and urine of healthy controls. Results The concentration of cystatin C in all the biological matrices obtained from healthy controls significantly exceeded the concentration of cystatin SN and was independent of gender. Cystatin C concentrations in the tear fluid of patients with uveal melanoma (both the eye with the malignancy, as well as the contralateral, non-affected eye), were significantly greater than cystatin C concentrations in the tear fluid of healthy controls and was independent of tumor size. The concentration of cystatin SN in IOF of patients with uveal melanoma was significantly less than the corresponding concentration of cystatin SN in healthy controls. Conclusions The ratio of cystatins (CysC:CysSN) in both the serum and tear fluid, as well as the concentration of cystatin SN in IOF, would appear to strongly suggest the presence of uveal melanoma. It is further suggested that multiple diagnostic criteria be utilized if a patient is suspected of having uveal melanoma, such as determination of the cystatin C and cystatin SN concentrations in serum, tears, and IOF, ocular fundus and ultrasound imaging, and biopsy with histopathological evaluation.
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Lapadula D, Benovic JL. Targeting Oncogenic Gα q/11 in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6195. [PMID: 34944815 PMCID: PMC8699590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular cancer in adults and arises from the transformation of melanocytes in the uveal tract. While treatment of the primary tumor is often effective, 36-50% of patients develop metastatic disease primarily to the liver. While various strategies have been used to treat the metastatic disease, there remain no effective treatments that improve survival. Significant insight has been gained into the pathways that are altered in uveal melanoma, with mutually exclusive activating mutations in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes being found in over 90% of patients. These genes encode the alpha subunits of the hetetrotrimeric G proteins, Gq and G11, and mutations result in activation of several important signaling pathways, including phospholipase C and activation of the transcription factor YAP. In this review, we discuss current efforts to target various signaling pathways in the treatment of uveal melanoma including recent efforts to target Gq and G11 in mouse models. While selective targeting of Gq and G11 provides a potential therapeutic strategy to treat uveal melanoma, it is evident that improved inhibitors and methods of delivery are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Toro MD, Gozzo L, Tracia L, Cicciù M, Drago F, Bucolo C, Avitabile T, Rejdak R, Nowomiejska K, Zweifel S, Yousef YA, Nazzal R, Romano GL. New Therapeutic Perspectives in the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101311. [PMID: 34680428 PMCID: PMC8533164 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease, but the most common primary intraocular cancer, mostly localized in the choroid. Currently, the first-line treatment options for UM are radiation therapy, resection, and enucleation. However, although these treatments could potentially be curative, half of all patients will develop metastatic disease, whose prognosis is still poor. Indeed, effective therapeutic options for patients with advanced or metastatic disease are still lacking. Recently, the development of new treatment modalities with a lower incidence of adverse events, a better disease control rate, and new therapeutic approaches, have merged as new potential and promising therapeutic strategies. Additionally, several clinical trials are ongoing to find new therapeutic options, mainly for those with metastatic disease. Many interventions are still in the preliminary phases of clinical development, being investigated in phase I trial or phase I/II. The success of these trials could be crucial for changing the prognosis of patients with advanced/metastatic UM. In this systematic review, we analyzed all emerging and available literature on the new perspectives in the treatment of UM and patient outcomes; furthermore, their current limitations and more common adverse events are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.D.T.); (S.Z.)
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland; (R.R.); (K.N.)
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (C.B.); (G.L.R.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781757
| | - Luciano Tracia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, American Hospital Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, AOU ‘G. Martino’, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (C.B.); (G.L.R.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Centre for Research and Consultancy in HTA and Drug Regulatory Affairs (CERD), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (C.B.); (G.L.R.)
- Center of Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland; (R.R.); (K.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Nowomiejska
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland; (R.R.); (K.N.)
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.D.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | | | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.); (C.B.); (G.L.R.)
- Center of Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Bethlehem MS, Katsarelias D, Olofsson Bagge R. Meta-Analysis of Isolated Hepatic Perfusion and Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion as a Treatment for Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184726. [PMID: 34572953 PMCID: PMC8469397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Isolated hepatic perfusion is one of the available treatment options for patients with liver metastases from uveal melanoma. This is an open surgical procedure where the liver is isolated from the circulation and perfused with a chemotherapeutic agent. A modern development is the minimally invasive percutaneous hepatic perfusion, where the liver is endovascularly isolated and then perfused with a chemotherapeutic agent through a catheter in the arterial system. Within this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to compare these modalities in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival, complications and response. Abstract Background: Uveal melanoma is the most commonly occurring primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and patients have a high risk of developing metastatic disease, mostly in the liver. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) with melphalan is a liver-directed therapy for patients with liver metastases. Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP), a minimally invasive technique, is available as well. PHP benefits from the fact that the procedure can be repeated and therefore possibly offers better survival. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing both techniques. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the electronic databases of Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL. A total of nine articles reporting on eight studies were included in the analysis. Individual survival data were extracted from each study. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 17.1 months for IHP and 17.3 months for PHP. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months for IHP and 9.6 months for PHP. The median hepatic progression-free survival was 10 months for IHP and 9.5 months for PHP. The complication rate and 30-day mortality rate were 39.1% and 5.5% for IHP and 23.8% and 1.8% for PHP. Conclusion: There was no difference in OS or PFS between IHP and PHP for patients with uveal melanoma liver metastases, but patients have significantly less of a risk for complications and mortality following PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn S. Bethlehem
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (R.O.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Sciences/Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrios Katsarelias
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (R.O.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Sciences/Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.); (R.O.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Sciences/Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hussain RN, Coupland SE, Kalirai H, Taktak AFG, Eleuteri A, Damato BE, Groenewald C, Heimann H. Small High-Risk Uveal Melanomas Have a Lower Mortality Rate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092267. [PMID: 34066842 PMCID: PMC8125943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current paradigm concerning metastatic spread in uveal melanoma is that the critical point for dissemination occurs prior to presentation and that treatment of the primary tumor does not change outcome. However, we show that patients with small uveal melanomas with genetic characteristics typical for high risk for metastatic disease have a lower mortality rate from metastatic disease, if treated earlier. Our data demonstrate that such small melanomas are potentially lethal (like larger tumors), but that there is a window of opportunity to prevent life-threatening metastatic spread if actively treated, rather than being monitored, as is often done currently. Abstract Our aim was to determine whether size impacts on the difference in metastatic mortality of genetically high-risk (monosomy 3) uveal melanomas (UM). We undertook a retrospective analysis of data from a patient cohort with genetically characterized UM. All patients treated for UM in the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre between 2007 and 2014, who had a prognostic genetic tumor analysis. Patients were subdivided into those with small (≤2.5 mm thickness) and large (>2.5 mm thickness) tumors. Survival analyses were performed using Gray rank statistics to calculate absolute probabilities of dying as a result of metastatic UM. The 5-year absolute risk of metastatic mortality of those with small monosomy 3 UM was significantly lower (23%) compared to the larger tumor group (50%) (p = 0.003). Small disomy 3 UM also had a lower absolute risk of metastatic mortality (0.8%) than large disomy 3 UM (6.4%) (p = 0.007). Hazard rates showed similar differences even with lead time bias correction estimates. We therefore conclude that earlier treatment of all small UM, particularly monosomy 3 UM, reduces the risk of metastatic disease and death. Our results would support molecular studies of even small UM, rather than ‘watch-and-wait strategies’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana N. Hussain
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (C.G.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (S.E.C.); (H.K.); (A.F.G.T.); (A.E.)
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (S.E.C.); (H.K.); (A.F.G.T.); (A.E.)
| | - Azzam F. G. Taktak
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (S.E.C.); (H.K.); (A.F.G.T.); (A.E.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 8ZX, UK
| | - Antonio Eleuteri
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (S.E.C.); (H.K.); (A.F.G.T.); (A.E.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 8ZX, UK
| | - Bertil E. Damato
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK;
| | - Carl Groenewald
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (C.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Heinrich Heimann
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (C.G.); (H.H.)
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Wang JZ, Lin V, Toumi E, Wang K, Zhu H, Conway RM, Madigan MC, Murray M, Cherepanoff S, Zhou F, Shu W. Development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of uveal melanoma. FEBS J 2021; 288:6226-6249. [PMID: 33838075 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Important cytogenetic and genetic risk factors for the development of UM include chromosome 3 monosomy, mutations in the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins GNAQ/GNA11, and loss of the BRACA1-associated protein 1 (BAP 1). Most primary UMs are treated conservatively with radiotherapy, but enucleation is necessary for large tumours. Despite the effectiveness of local control, up to 50% of UM patients develop metastasis for which there are no effective therapies. Attempts to utilise the targeted therapies that have been developed for the treatment of other cancers, including a range of signal transduction pathway inhibitors, have rarely produced significant outcomes in UM. Similarly, the application of immunotherapies that are effective in cutaneous melanoma to treat UM have also been disappointing. Other approaches that have been initiated involve proteasomal inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors which are approved for the treatment of other cancers. Nevertheless, there have been occasional positive outcomes from these treatments in UM. Moreover, combination approaches in UM have also yielded some positive developments. It would be valuable to identify how to apply such therapies efficiently in UM, potentially via individualised tumour profiling. It would also be important to characterise UM tumours to differentiate the potential drivers of progression from those in other types of cancers. The recent identification of novel kinases and metastatic genes in UM tumours makes the development of new UM-specific treatments feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janney Z Wang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elsa Toumi
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - R Max Conway
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- SydPath, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Shi ML, Chen YF, Liao HF. Effect of luteolin on apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor in human choroidal melanoma cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:186-193. [PMID: 33614445 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of luteolin on apoptosis, the cell cycle, and the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human choroidal melanoma cells (C918 and OCM-1). METHODS C918 and OCM-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (0, 5, 10, 15 µmol/L). Cell growth was observed with an inverted microscope, and cell cycle arrest was detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining, and apoptosis rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI experiments using flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and VEGF was analyzed using Western blots. The levels of VEGF secreted by the cells into the supernatant was analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS After treating with 5 to 15 µmol/L luteolin for 48h, the fusion degree of C918 and OCM-1 cells decreased, and more floating apoptotic cells appeared. Luteolin treatment increased the G0-G1 phase ratio of the C918 and OCM-1 cells, blocked cell cycle progression, and increased the apoptosis rate of the C918 and OCM-1 cells. Western blot showed that luteolin decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in the C918 and OCM-1 cells and increased the expression of Bax protein. The ELISA results showed that 10 to 15 µmol/L luteolin decreased the cell secretion of VEGF. CONCLUSION Luteolin may induce apoptosis by regulating the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in C918 and OCM-1 cells. Luteolin can induce cell cycle arrest, decrease the expression of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Shi
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China.,Jiangxi Province Blood Center, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi Province, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Fen Chen
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Fei Liao
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
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42
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Gumeler E, Parlak S, Yazici G, Karabulut E, Kiratli H, Oguz KK. Single shot echo planar imaging (ssEPI) vs single shot turbo spin echo (ssTSE) DWI of the orbit in patients with ocular melanoma. Br J Radiol 2020; 94:20200825. [PMID: 33264035 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has become important for orbital imaging. However, the echoplanar imaging (EPI) DWI has inherent obstacles due to susceptibility to magnetic field inhomogeneities. We conducted a comparative study assessing the image quality of orbits in a patient cohort with uveal melanoma (UM). We hypothesized that single shot turbo spin echo (ssTSE) DWI would have better image quality in terms of less distortion and artifacts and yield better tissue evaluation compared to ssEPI-DWI. METHODS ssEPI-DWI and ssTSE-DWI of orbits were obtained from 50 patients with uveal melanoma who were prospectively enrolled in the study. Distortion ratio (DR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), diffusion signal properties, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were collected and compared between ssEPI-DWI and ssTSE-DWI. Two reviewers evaluated and compared the geometric distortion, susceptibility and ghosting artifacts, resolution, demarcation of ocular mass, and overall quality. RESULTS A higher DR was found in ssEPI-DWI compared to ssTSE-DWI (p < 0.001). SNR and CNR were lower for the temporal lobe cortex (p ≤ 0.004), but higher for melanoma in ssEPI-DWI than ssTSE-DWI (p ≤ 0.037). Geometric distortion and artifacts were more common in ssEPI-DWI (p < 0.001). Resolution (p ≤ 0.013) and overall quality (p < 0.001) were better in ssTSE-DWI. Ocular masses were demarcated better on ssEPI-DWI (p ≤ 0.002). Significant negative correlations between T1 and T2 signal intensities (r = -0.369, p ≤ 0.008) and positive correlations between T2 and both DWI signal intensities (r = 0.686 and p < 0.001 for ssEPI-DWI, r = 0.747 and p < 0.001 for ssTSE-DWI) were revealed. CONCLUSION With less geometric distortion and susceptibility artifacts, better resolution, and overall quality, ssTSE-DWI can serve as an alternative to ssEPI-DWI for orbital DWI. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ssTSE-DWI can be a better alternative of diffusion imaging of orbits with less susceptibility artifact and geometric distortion compared to ssEPI-DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Gumeler
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Parlak
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophtalmology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kader K Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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43
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Gonsalves CF, Adamo RD, Eschelman DJ. Locoregional Therapies for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma Hepatic Metastases. Semin Intervent Radiol 2020; 37:508-517. [PMID: 33328707 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease of which greater than 90% of patients develop hepatic metastases. Following the development of liver tumors, overall survival is dismal with hepatic failure being the cause of death in nearly all cases. To prolong survival for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, controlling the growth of hepatic tumors is essential. This article will discuss imaging surveillance following the diagnosis of primary uveal melanoma; locoregional therapies used to control the growth of hepatic metastases including chemoembolization, immunoembolization, radioembolization, percutaneous hepatic perfusion, and thermal ablation; as well as currently available systemic treatment options for metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin F Gonsalves
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert D Adamo
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Eschelman
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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44
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Broggi G, Ieni A, Russo D, Varricchio S, Puzzo L, Russo A, Reibaldi M, Longo A, Tuccari G, Staibano S, Caltabiano R. The Macro-Autophagy-Related Protein Beclin-1 Immunohistochemical Expression Correlates With Tumor Cell Type and Clinical Behavior of Uveal Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589849. [PMID: 33330070 PMCID: PMC7714947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma, in spite of its rarity, represents the most common primitive intraocular malignant neoplasm of the adults; it affects choroid, ciliary bodied and iris and remains clinically silent for a long time, being accidentally discovered by routine ophthalmic exams. Prognosis of uveal melanoma is poor and frequently characterized by liver metastases, within 10-15 years from diagnosis. Autophagy is a multi-step catabolic process by which cells remove damaged organelles and proteins and recycle nutrients. It has been hypothesized that in early stages of tumorigenesis autophagy has a tumor suppressor role while, in more advanced stages, it may represent a survival mechanism of neoplastic cells in response to stress. Several proteins related to autophagy cascade have been investigated in numerous subtypes of human cancer, with overall controversal results. In this paper we studied the immunohistochemical expression of 3 autophagy related proteins (Beclin-1, p62 and ATG7) in a cohort of 85 primary uveal melanoma treated by primary enucleation (39 with metastasis and 46 non metastatic) and correlated their expression with clinico-pathological parameters and blood vascular microvessel density, in order to investigate the potential prognostic role of autophagy in this rare neoplasm. We found that high immunohistochemical levels of Beclin-1 correlated with a lower risk of metastasis and higher disease-free survival times, indicating a positive prognostic role for Beclin-1 in uveal melanoma. No statistically significative differences regarding the expression of ATG7 and p62 between metastatic and non metastatic patients was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Broggi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Section of Pathology, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Surgical Science, Eye Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Section of Pathology, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Photon-based Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 44:32-42. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Choroidal melanoma (CM), despite its rarity, is the most frequent intraocular malignancy. Over time, several histological variants of CM have been distinguished, including spindle A and B cell, fascicular, epithelioid and necrotic type. However, they have been progressively abandoned as having no prognostic value and currently, the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) classification identifies three CM cell types: spindle, epithelioid and mixed cell type. Other rare histological variants of CM include: (i) diffuse melanoma; (ii) clear cell; and (iii) balloon cell melanoma. Immunohistochemically, CMs are stained with Human Melanoma Black 45 (HMB45) antigen, S-100 protein, Melan-A (also known as melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1/MART-1), melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, vimentin, and Sex determining region Y-Box 10 (SOX10). Several genetic and histopathological prognostic factors of CM have been reported in the literature, including epithelioid cell type, TNM staging, extraocular extension, monosomy 3 and 6p gain and loss of BAP-1 gene. The aim of this review was to summarize the histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic features of CM, establishing “the state of the art” and providing colleagues with practical tools to promptly deal with patients affected by this rare malignant neoplasm.
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Menon V, Thulasidas M, Narula R, Mulay K, Honavar SG. Multicentric recurrent uveal melanoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:2305-2307. [PMID: 32971703 PMCID: PMC7727941 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_511_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare malignancy originating from melanocytes within the uveal tract of the eye. True multifocal uveal melanomas (>2melanomas in 1 eye) occurring in the same eye are very rare. We report a clinically and histologically well-documented case of a patient who presented with 3 uveal melanoma lesions in the same eye over a span of 2.5 years. The eye had to be enucleated finally and diagnosis confirmed histologically. This case report highlights the need for a close follow-up, even after successful treatment of the presenting lesion in uveal melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and Ocular Oncology Services, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Mithun Thulasidas
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery and Ocular Oncology Services, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritesh Narula
- Vitreo-Retina Services, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Kautubh Mulay
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Ocular Oncology and Ocular Pathology Services, Centre for Sight, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh G Honavar
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Ocular Oncology and Ocular Pathology Services, Centre for Sight, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197055. [PMID: 32992741 PMCID: PMC7582726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, considered as cell debris or garbage bags, have been later characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The constituents and the rate of exosomes formation differ in different pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes are also observed and studied in different parts of the eye, like the retina, cornea, aqueous, and vitreous humor. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes. The role of exosomes in eye cancers, especially retinoblastoma (RB), is not well explored, although few studies point towards their presence. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that constitutes 3% of cases of cancer in children. Diagnosis of RB may require invasive procedures, which might lead to the spread of the disease to other parts. Due to this reason, better ways of diagnosis are being explored. Studies on the exosomes in RB tumors and serum might help designing better diagnostic approaches for RB. In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the same targets in the proteins identified in RB tumor exosomes. Overall this review provides the up-to-date progress in the area of eye exosome research, with an emphasis on RB.
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49
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Chacón M, Pfluger Y, Angel M, Waisberg F, Enrico D. Uncommon Subtypes of Malignant Melanomas: A Review Based on Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2362. [PMID: 32825562 PMCID: PMC7565756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma represents the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Modern therapies, including targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have changed the dismal prognosis that characterized this disease. However, most evidence was obtained by studying patients with frequent subtypes of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Consequently, there is an emerging need to understand the molecular basis and treatment approaches for unusual melanoma subtypes. Even a standardized definition of infrequent or rare melanoma is not clearly established. For that reason, we reviewed this challenging topic considering clinical and molecular perspectives, including uncommon CMs-not associated with classical V600E/K BRAF mutations-malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas, and some unusual independent entities, such as amelanotic, desmoplastic, or spitzoid melanomas. Finally, we collected information regarding melanomas from non-traditional primary sites, which emerge from locations as unique as meninges, dermis, lymph nodes, the esophagus, and breasts. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main scientific evidence regarding rare melanomas, with a particular focus on treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Chacón
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alexander Fleming Cancer Institute, Buenos Aires 1426, Argentina; (Y.P.); (M.A.); (F.W.); (D.E.)
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Targeting Epigenetic Modifications in Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155314. [PMID: 32726977 PMCID: PMC7432398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, is a rare subset of melanoma. Despite effective primary therapy, around 50% of patients will develop the metastatic disease. Several clinical trials have been evaluated for patients with advanced UM, though outcomes remain dismal due to the lack of efficient therapies. Epigenetic dysregulation consisting of aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA expression, silencing tumor suppressor genes, or activating oncogenes, have been shown to play a significant role in UM initiation and progression. Given that there is no evidence any approach improves results so far, adopting combination therapies, incorporating a new generation of epigenetic drugs targeting these alterations, may pave the way for novel promising therapeutic options. Furthermore, the fusion of effector enzymes with nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) system equips a potent tool for locus-specific erasure or establishment of DNA methylation as well as histone modifications and, therefore, transcriptional regulation of specific genes. Both, CRISPR-dCas9 potential for driver epigenetic alterations discovery, and possibilities for their targeting in UM are highlighted in this review.
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