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Ruan L, Han L, Li X, Chen X, Sun G, Wang X, Luo Y, Gu C, Shi X. Computable structured aptamer for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1170260. [PMID: 37206583 PMCID: PMC10189780 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1170260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin protein expression is higher on the ovarian cancer cell surface. AS1411, a DNA aptamer, can bind with nucleolin protein specifically. In this study, we developed HA and ST DNA tiles to assemble six AS1411 aptamers to deliver doxorubicin. In addition, to superior serum stability and drug loading, HA-6AS and ST-6AS outperformed TDN-AS in cellular uptake. HA-6AS and ST-6AS exhibited satisfactory targeted cytotoxicity and achieved resounding lysosomal escape. Moreover, when injected into nude mice subcutaneous xenograft models, HA-6AS reached the peak in tumor more quickly than ST-6AS, and better expressed the active targeting ability of AS1411. Our study suggests that designing appropriate DNA tiles to assemble different aptamers to deliver different chemotherapeutic drugs is a promising treatment for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoshan Ruan
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liting Han
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li,
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gege Sun
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanqi Gu
- Department 2 of Gynecology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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García-Fumero R, Fernández-López C, Calleja-Hernández MÁ, Expósito-Hernández J. Analyzing the clinical benefit of newer therapies for advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: application of the ESMO-magnitude of clinical benefit scale v1.1. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1225-1232. [PMID: 34184595 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1942546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite newer therapies, advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Deficits in the design and methods of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may contribute to reducing the clinical benefit of therapies in oncology. To prioritize treatments based on efficacy results and toxicity data, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has developed the Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS). The objective of this study was to apply the ESMO-MCBS v1.1 to a cohort of RCTs on therapies for advanced or metastatic NSCLC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phase III and pivotal phase II trials, published between 2013 and 2018, investigating drug therapies for advanced NSCLC were included. PubMed was specifically searched for efficacy/toxicity updates. Treatments were graded 5 to 1 on the ESMO-MCBS v1.1, using the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the hazard ratio (HR), where scores 5 and 4 represent a substantial clinical benefit. Additionally, scores using the point estimate HR were generated, for comparison. Discrepancies between our grade estimations and the ones published on the ESMO website, as scorecards, were identified. RESULTS ESMO-MCBS scores were calculated for 42 positive clinical trials. 54.8% met the ESMO-MCBS thresholds for clinically meaningful benefit (final grade of 4 or 5). That percentage decreased to 40.5% when considering the point estimate of the HR. 50.0% of the trials had no published scorecard on the ESMO website and discrepancies affected 11 (26.2%) studies. CONCLUSION Almost half of the RCTs showing a statistically significant result favoring the experimental arm, failed to demonstrate a substantial clinical benefit according to the ESMO framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Fernández-López
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Expósito-Hernández
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Li Q, Feng X, Niu F, Yang J, Xu Y, Pu X, Chen J, Fan X, Jiang B, Huang Q. Inhibition of p22 phox Suppresses Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2021; 12:4277-4287. [PMID: 34093828 PMCID: PMC8176422 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biological role and molecular mechanism of p22phox in epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the p22phox expression level in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. The effects of p22phox on epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and chemosensitivity were evaluated by CCK-8, EdU assay, colony formation and apoptosis assays in vitro and by mouse experiments in vivo. Immunoprecipitation analyses were utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of p22phox mediated downstream signaling, and RT-PCR and western blot were used to confirm the relevance. P22phox expression could be detected in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and normal fallopian epithelial cells. Silencing p22phox suppressed epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation and colony formation capacity in vitro, and inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice bearing the A2780 xenograft in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that p22phox regulated proteasome ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation of p53 in A2780 and U87 cells in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of p22phox significantly increased the chemosensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin or paclitaxel. These results suggested that p22phox as a pivotal oncogene during epithelial ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and p22phox inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy for epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengnan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Pu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangshan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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Zhai Z, Qin W, Wang Z, Dong S, Guo X, Zhang C, Wang Z, Lu G, Huang L. Changes in left ventricular function induced by carboplatin combined with paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer identified using three-dimensional spot tracking imaging technology. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2021; 49:378-384. [PMID: 33372283 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in evaluating left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin. METHOD We studied 30 patients with OC treated with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin chemotherapy. Two-dimensional echocardiography and 3D-STI were performed in the patients before they underwent 2- and 6-cycle chemotherapies, and in 30 normal control subjects. Were measured LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), three-dimensional LV ejection fraction (3D-LVEF), stroke volume (SV), spherical index (SPI), LV end-diastolic mass (LV EDmass), LV end-systolic mass (LV ESmass), LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), global area strain (GAS) and cardiac troponin T(cTnT). At the end of chemotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed. RESULT The 3D conventional strain values (3D-LVEF, SV, LV EDV) after the 2- and 6-cycle chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy. LV Edmass, LV ESmass and cTnT were higher while LV GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS were lower after 2- and after 6-cycle chemotherapy than before chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in ESV and EDV between the 3D-STI and MRI parameters. GAS showed a significant negative correlation with cTnT. MRI and 3D-STI variables were significantly correlated, and the receiver operating characteristic curves showed the greater area under the curve for GAS after 2- and after 6-cycle chemotherapy. After 2-cycle chemotherapy, the highest specificity for GAS was 93.3%, and the highest sensitivity for GLS was 70.0%. After 6-cycle chemotherapy, the highest specificity for GAS was 96.7%, and the highest sensitivity for GLS was 96.7%. CONCLUSION The LV systolic function decreased in OC patients treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin, showing that 3D-STI may detect early LV systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhai
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenjuan Qin
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xueting Guo
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guilin Lu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Bhat G, Karakasis K, Oza AM. Measuring Quality of Life in Ovarian Cancer Clinical Trials-Can We Improve Objectivity and Cross Trial Comparisons? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3296. [PMID: 33171791 PMCID: PMC7694966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a lethal disease for the majority of women diagnosed with it worldwide. For the majority of patients, diagnosis occurs late, in the advanced setting. Disease-induced as well as treatment-related adverse events can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Research to date has captured these data through use of patient-related outcomes (PROs) and, increasingly, has become an area of increased attention and focus in clinical trial reporting. QoL/PRO measurements in EOC clinical trials at different transition points in a patient's journey are increasingly being recognized by patients, clinicians and regulatory agencies as the key determinants of treatment benefit. Various context-specific PROs and PRO endpoints have been described for clinical trials in EOC. Standardized approaches and checklists for incorporating PRO endpoints in clinical trials have been proposed. In a real-world clinical practice setting, PRO/QoL measures, which are meaningful, valid, reliable, feasible and acceptable to patients and clinicians, need to be implemented and used. These may assist by serving as screening tools; helping with the identification of patient preferences to aid in decision making; improving patient-provider communication; facilitating shared decision making. Importantly, they may also improve quality of care through an increasingly patient-centered approach. Potential areas of future research include assessment of anxiety, depression and other mental health issues. In good prognostic groups, such as maintenance clinical trials, following patients beyond progression will capture possible downstream effects related to delaying the psychological trauma of relapse, symptoms due to disease progression and side-effects of subsequent chemotherapy. Identifying PRO endpoints in next-generation-targeted therapies (including immunotherapies) also warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit M. Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada; (G.B.); (K.K.)
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Ni J, Cheng X, Zhou R, Xu X, Guo W, Chen X. Olaparib in the therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: first real world experiences in safety and efficacy from China. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:117. [PMID: 31775908 PMCID: PMC6882236 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is a milestone in treatment of ovarian cancer. However, there is no real world study from China regarding the clinical outcome of the taking PARP inhibitor (PARPi), Olaparib(Lynparza™). The goal of this research is to evaluate the side effects and short-term efficacy in advanced ovarian cancer patients who administered Olaparib. METHODS Patients with ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer that treated with Olaparib in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between September 2018 and June 2019 were recruited. The drug associated Adverse Events (AEs) were collected and short-term efficacy were analyzed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) . RESULTS Of all 28 enrolled patients, 92.9% were ovarian cancer, 7.1% were fallopian tube cancer, and 39.3% cases harbored germline BRCA-mutation. There were 6(21.4%) patients received Olaparib after multi-line chemotherapy, and 10 patients (35.7%) as second-line maintenance therapy and 2 patients (7.1%) as first-line maintenance therapy. There were still other 10 cases (35.7%) received Olaparib as exploratory therapy. Abdominal distention, decreased blood pressure, increased body hair, thirsty, burning sensation of stomach and leg swelling were newly reported AEs. Serious Adverse Events(SAEs) were usually managed by dose interruption or dose reduction, rather than discontinuation. 3 patients discontinued treatment, 8 patients received reduced dose of Olaparib, and 4 patients stopped therapy after the alleviation of AEs. Of all 28 enrolled cases, in monotherapy group, 1 of 6 patients achieved stable disease(SD) and also 2 patients achieved stable disease(SD) combined with anti-angiogenic drugs when disease progressed. 2 patients achieved complete remission(CR) and 3 patients were stable with exploratory therapy. CONCLUSIONS The AEs of Olaparib were all manageable. For the first time, we also identified several AEs such as abdominal distention, decreased blood pressure, increased body hair, thirsty, burning sensation of stomach and leg swelling during the follow-up which have not been reported. The short-term efficacy was observed in some exploratory cases that provided new potential indication to PARPi-related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People’s Republic of China
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Wu SG, Wang J, Sun JY, He ZY, Zhang WW, Zhou J. Real-World Impact of Survival by Period of Diagnosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Between 1990 and 2014. Front Oncol 2019; 9:639. [PMID: 31448220 PMCID: PMC6691118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches have improved management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in recent decades. The mortality of EOC over time remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the survival trends of EOC according to period of diagnosis using real-world data. Methods: Patients with EOC diagnosed from 1990 to 2014 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the trends in survival over time. Results: We identified 59,763 patients diagnosed with EOC as follows: 6,586 (11.0%) in 1990-1994, 7,408 (12.4%) in 1995-1999, 15,348 (25.7%) in 2000-2004, 14,908 (24.9%) in 2005-2009, and 15,513 (26.0%) in 2010-2014. In the distant stage, the use of surgery decreased from 92.0% in 1990-1994 to 88.9% in 2010-2014. The use of chemotherapy increased from 67.4% in 1990-1994 to 75.0% in 2010-2014. The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) increased from 48.6% in 1990-1994 to 57.4% in 2010-2014 (P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival (OS) increased from 42.7% in 1990-1994 to 51.7% in 2010-2014 (P < 0.001). The 5-year CSS and OS showed slight improvement in the localized stage (CSS, 91.9 vs. 93.1%; OS, 85.6 vs. 88.5%), and largely improved in the distant stage (CSS, 31.4 vs. 42.7%; OS, 26.7 vs. 37.4%) between 1990-1994 and 2010-2014. The multivariate analysis indicated that being diagnosed in the later years was related to better CSS and OS of EOC. Conclusion: The trends in survival of EOC have improved over time, but net survival remains poor overall in distant-stage EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
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Lheureux S, Braunstein M, Oza AM. Epithelial ovarian cancer: Evolution of management in the era of precision medicine. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69:280-304. [PMID: 31099893 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death in women around the world. The outcomes are complicated, because the disease is often diagnosed late and composed of several subtypes with distinct biological and molecular properties (even within the same histological subtype), and there is inconsistency in availability of and access to treatment. Upfront treatment largely relies on debulking surgery to no residual disease and platinum-based chemotherapy, with the addition of antiangiogenic agents in patients who have suboptimally debulked and stage IV disease. Major improvement in maintenance therapy has been seen by incorporating inhibitors against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) molecules involved in the DNA damage-repair process, which have been approved in a recurrent setting and recently in a first-line setting among women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. In recognizing the challenges facing the treatment of ovarian cancer, current investigations are enlaced with deep molecular and cellular profiling. To improve survival in this aggressive disease, access to appropriate evidence-based care is requisite. In concert, realizing individualized precision medicine will require prioritizing clinical trials of innovative treatments and refining predictive biomarkers that will enable selection of patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, targeted agents, or immunotherapy. Together, a coordinated and structured approach will accelerate significant clinical and academic advancements in ovarian cancer and meaningfully change the paradigm of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lheureux
- Clinician Investigator, Bras Drug Development Program; and Staff Medical Oncologist and Gynecology Site Leader, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marsela Braunstein
- Scientific Associate, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Chief, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology; Director, Cancer Clinical Research Unit; and Director, Bras Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Mt. Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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