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Kumar A, Larrea D, Pero ME, Infante P, Conenna M, Shin GJ, Van Elias V, Grueber WB, Di Marcotullio L, Area-Gomez E, Bartolini F. MFN2 coordinates mitochondria motility with α-tubulin acetylation and this regulation is disrupted in CMT2A. iScience 2024; 27:109994. [PMID: 38883841 PMCID: PMC11177149 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a large GTPase residing in the mitochondrial outer membrane and mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease (CMT2A), is a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and tethering with the ER. The role of MFN2 in mitochondrial transport has however remained elusive. Like MFN2, acetylated microtubules play key roles in mitochondria dynamics. Nevertheless, it is unknown if the α-tubulin acetylation cycle functionally interacts with MFN2. Here, we show that mitochondrial contacts with microtubules are sites of α-tubulin acetylation, which occurs through MFN2-mediated recruitment of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1). This activity is critical for MFN2-dependent regulation of mitochondria transport, and axonal degeneration caused by CMT2A MFN2 associated R94W and T105M mutations may depend on the inability to release ATAT1 at sites of mitochondrial contacts with microtubules. Our findings reveal a function for mitochondria in α-tubulin acetylation and suggest that disruption of this activity plays a role in the onset of MFN2-dependent CMT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Conenna
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Grace J. Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Vincent Van Elias
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wesley B. Grueber
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Iuzzolino A, Pellegrini FR, Rotili D, Degrassi F, Trisciuoglio D. The α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1: structure, cellular functions, and its emerging role in human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:193. [PMID: 38652325 PMCID: PMC11039541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The acetylation of α-tubulin on lysine 40 is a well-studied post-translational modification which has been associated with the presence of long-lived stable microtubules that are more resistant to mechanical breakdown. The discovery of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), the enzyme responsible for lysine 40 acetylation on α-tubulin in a wide range of species, including protists, nematodes, and mammals, dates to about a decade ago. However, the role of ATAT1 in different cellular activities and molecular pathways has been only recently disclosed. This review comprehensively summarizes the most recent knowledge on ATAT1 structure and substrate binding and analyses the involvement of ATAT1 in a variety of cellular processes such as cell motility, mitosis, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular trafficking. Finally, the review highlights ATAT1 emerging roles in human diseases and discusses ATAT1 potential enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles and the current efforts in developing ATAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Iuzzolino
- IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Pellegrini
- IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Degrassi
- IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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Mallo N, Ovciarikova J, Martins-Duarte ES, Baehr SC, Biddau M, Wilde ML, Uboldi AD, Lemgruber L, Tonkin CJ, Wideman JG, Harding CR, Sheiner L. Depletion of a Toxoplasma porin leads to defects in mitochondrial morphology and contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272536. [PMID: 34523684 PMCID: PMC8572010 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a ubiquitous channel in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion with multiple roles in protein, metabolite and small molecule transport. In mammalian cells, VDAC protein, as part of a larger complex including the inositol triphosphate receptor, has been shown to have a role in mediating contacts between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We identify VDAC of the pathogenic apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii and demonstrate its importance for parasite growth. We show that VDAC is involved in protein import and metabolite transfer to mitochondria. Further, depletion of VDAC resulted in significant morphological changes in the mitochondrion and ER, suggesting a role in mediating contacts between these organelles in T. gondii. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Depletion of the Toxoplasma voltage-dependent anion channel highlights the importance of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria membrane contact sites in maintaining organelle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mallo
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jana Ovciarikova
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Erica S Martins-Duarte
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 486 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Stephan C Baehr
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Marco Biddau
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mary-Louise Wilde
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alessandro D Uboldi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,Glasgow Imaging Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy G Wideman
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Clare R Harding
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Lilach Sheiner
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Bosch M, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets, bioenergetic fluxes, and metabolic flexibility. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nicotine Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics in Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8965-8977. [PMID: 29619740 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are widely recognized as fundamental organelles for cellular physiology and constitute the main energy source for different cellular processes. The location, morphology, and interactions of mitochondria with other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), have emerged as critical events capable of determining cellular fate. Mitochondria-related functions have proven particularly relevant in neurons; mitochondria are necessary for proper neuronal morphogenesis and the highly energy-demanding synaptic transmission process. Mitochondrial health depends on balanced fusion-fission events, termed mitochondrial dynamics, to repair damaged organelles and/or improve the quality of mitochondrial function, ATP production, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis, which represent some mitochondrial functions closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, have been correlated with severe mitochondrial dysfunction. In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology. Additionally, a recent description of mitochondrial nAChR localization suggests a nicotine-dependent mitochondrial function. In the present work, we evaluated in cultured hipocampal neurons the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial dynamics by assessing mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, as well as interactions between mitochondria, cytoskeleton and IP3R, levels of the cofactor PGC-1α, and fission-fusion-related proteins. Our results suggest that nicotine modulates mitochondrial dynamics and influences mitochondrial association from microtubules, increasing IP3 receptor clustering showing modulation between mitochondria-ER communications, together with the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Barlan K, Gelfand VI. Microtubule-Based Transport and the Distribution, Tethering, and Organization of Organelles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/5/a025817. [PMID: 28461574 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYMicrotubules provide long tracks along which a broad range of organelles and vesicles are transported by kinesin and dynein motors. Motor protein complexes also tether cargoes to cytoskeletal filaments, helping facilitate their interaction and communication. The generation of biochemically distinct microtubule subpopulations allows subsets of motors to recognize a given microtubule identity, allowing further organization within the cytoplasm. Both transport and tethering are spatiotemporally regulated through multiple modes, including acute modification of both motor-cargo and motor-track associations by various physiological signals. Strict regulation of intracellular transport is particularly important in specialized cell types such as neurons. Here, we review general mechanisms by which cargo transport is controlled and also highlight examples of transport regulated by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Barlan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Herms A, Bosch M, Reddy BJN, Schieber NL, Fajardo A, Rupérez C, Fernández-Vidal A, Ferguson C, Rentero C, Tebar F, Enrich C, Parton RG, Gross SP, Pol A. AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7176. [PMID: 26013497 PMCID: PMC4446796 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that provide fatty acids (FAs) to cellular processes including synthesis of membranes and production of metabolic energy. While known to move bidirectionally along microtubules (MTs), the role of LD motion and whether it facilitates interaction with other organelles are unclear. Here we show that during nutrient starvation, LDs and mitochondria relocate on detyrosinated MT from the cell centre to adopt a dispersed distribution. In the cell periphery, LD–mitochondria interactions increase and LDs efficiently supply FAs for mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This cellular adaptation requires the activation of the energy sensor AMPK, which in response to starvation simultaneously increases LD motion, reorganizes the network of detyrosinated MTs and activates mitochondria. In conclusion, we describe the existence of a specialized cellular network connecting the cellular energetic status and MT dynamics to coordinate the functioning of LDs and mitochondria during nutrient scarcity. Lipid droplets (LDs) supply fatty acids to cellular processes and move bidirectionally on microtubules. Here the authors show that nutrient starvation causes dispersal of mitochondria and LD to the periphery of the cell along detyrosinated microtubules and increases LD–mitochondria interactions in an AMPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Herms
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Babu J N Reddy
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- 1] The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alba Fajardo
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Celia Rupérez
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Andrea Fernández-Vidal
- 1] Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain [2] The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [3] Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- 1] The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Carles Rentero
- 1] Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain [2] Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- 1] Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain [2] Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- 1] Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain [2] Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Robert G Parton
- 1] The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia [2] Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Albert Pol
- 1] Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain [2] Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain [3] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Fluorescence imaging of mitochondria in cultured skin fibroblasts: a useful method for the detection of oxidative phosphorylation defects. Pediatr Res 2012; 72:232-40. [PMID: 22728747 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) into the intermembrane space, creating an electric membrane potential (ΔΨ) that is used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Defects in one or more of the OXPHOS complexes are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms, often making it difficult to pinpoint the causal mutation. METHODS In this article, a microscopic method for the quantitative evaluation of ΔΨ in cultured skin fibroblasts is described. The method using 5,5',6,6'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) fluorescence staining was tested in a selection of OXPHOS-deficient cell lines. RESULTS A significant reduction of ΔΨ was found in the cell lines of patients with either an isolated defect in complex I, II, or IV or a combined defect (complex I + complex IV). ΔΨ was not reduced in the fibroblasts of two patients with severe complex V deficiency. Addition of the complex I inhibitor rotenone induced a significant reduction of ΔΨ and perinuclear relocalization of the mitochondria. In cells with a heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defect, a more heterogeneous reduction of ΔΨ was detected. CONCLUSION Our data show that imaging of ΔΨ in cultured skin fibroblasts is a useful method for the evaluation of OXPHOS functioning in cultured cell lines.
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Kan R, Yurttas P, Kim B, Jin M, Wo L, Lee B, Gosden R, Coonrod SA. Regulation of mouse oocyte microtubule and organelle dynamics by PADI6 and the cytoplasmic lattices. Dev Biol 2010; 350:311-22. [PMID: 21147087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organelle positioning and movement in oocytes is largely mediated by microtubules (MTs) and their associated motor proteins. While yet to be studied in germ cells, cargo trafficking in somatic cells is also facilitated by specific recognition of acetylated MTs by motor proteins. We have previously shown that oocyte-restricted PADI6 is essential for formation of a novel oocyte-restricted fibrous structure, the cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs). Here, we show that α-tubulin appears to be associated with the PADI6/CPL complex. Next, we demonstrate that organelle positioning and redistribution is defective in PADI6-null oocytes and that alteration of MT polymerization or MT motor activity does not induce organelle redistribution in these oocytes. Finally, we report that levels of acetylated microtubules are dramatically suppressed in the cytoplasm of PADI6-null oocytes, suggesting that the observed organelle redistribution failure is due to defects in stable cytoplasmic MTs. These results demonstrate that the PADI6/CPL superstructure plays a key role in regulating MT-mediated organelle positioning and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kan
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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