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Kóbori TO, Uzumaki T, Kis M, Kovács L, Domonkos I, Itoh S, Krynická V, Kuppusamy SG, Zakar T, Dean J, Szilák L, Komenda J, Gombos Z, Ughy B. Phosphatidylglycerol is implicated in divisome formation and metabolic processes of cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:96-104. [PMID: 29558689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol is an essential phospholipid for photosynthesis and other cellular processes. We investigated the role of phosphatidylglycerol in cell division and metabolism in a phophatidylglycerol-auxotrophic strain of Synechococcus PCC7942. Here we show that phosphatidylglycerol is essential for the photosynthetic electron transfer and for the oligomerisation of the photosynthetic complexes, notably, we revealed that this lipid is important for non-linear electron transport. Furthermore, we demonstrate that phosphatidylglycerol starvation elevated the expressions of proteins of nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Moreover, we show that phosphatidylglycerol-deficient cells changed the morphology, became elongated, the FtsZ ring did not assemble correctly, and subsequently the division was hindered. However, supplementation with phosphatidylglycerol restored the ring-like structure at the mid-cell region and the normal cell size, demonstrating the phosphatidylglycerol is needed for normal septum formation. Taken together, central roles of phosphatidylglycerol were revealed; it is implicated in the photosynthetic activity, the metabolism and the fission of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea O Kóbori
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tatsuya Uzumaki
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8607, Japan
| | - Mihály Kis
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8607, Japan
| | - Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Saravanan G Kuppusamy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomas Zakar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jason Dean
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - László Szilák
- Institute of Biology, Savaria Campus, Eötvös Lorand University, Szombathely, H-9700, Hungary
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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Abstract
All cells complete cell division by the process of cytokinesis. At the end of mitosis, eukaryotic cells accurately mark the site of division between the replicated genetic material and assemble a contractile ring comprised of myosin II, actin filaments and other proteins, which is attached to the plasma membrane. The myosin-actin interaction drives constriction of the contractile ring, forming a cleavage furrow (the so-called 'purse-string' model of cytokinesis). After furrowing is completed, the cells remain attached by a thin cytoplasmic bridge, filled with two anti-parallel arrays of microtubules with their plus-ends interdigitating in the midbody region. The cell then assembles the abscission machinery required for cleavage of the intercellular bridge, and so forms two genetically identical daughter cells. We now know much of the molecular detail of cytokinesis, including a list of potential genes/proteins involved, analysis of the function of some of these proteins, and the temporal order of their arrival at the cleavage site. Such studies reveal that membrane trafficking and/or remodelling appears to play crucial roles in both furrowing and abscission. In the present review, we assess studies of vesicular trafficking during cytokinesis, discuss the role of the lipid components of the plasma membrane and endosomes and their role in cytokinesis, and describe some novel molecules implicated in cytokinesis. The present review covers experiments performed mainly on tissue culture cells. We will end by considering how this mechanistic insight may be related to cytokinesis in other systems, and how other forms of cytokinesis may utilize similar aspects of the same machinery.
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