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Liang T, Guo Y, Li M, Ding C, Sang S, Zhou T, Shao Q, Liu X, Lu J, Ji Z, Wang T, Kang Q. Cytoskeleton protein 4.1R regulates B-cell fate by modulating the canonical NF-κB pathway. Immunology 2020; 161:314-324. [PMID: 32852059 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the immune response, B cells can enter the memory pathway, which is characterized by class switch recombination (CSR), or they may undergo plasma cell differentiation (PCD) to secrete immunoglobulin. Both of these processes occur in activated B cells, which are reported to relate to membrane-association proteins and adaptors. Protein 4.1R acts as an adaptor, linking membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton, and is involved in many cell events such as cell activation and differentiation, and cytokine secretion. However, the effect of 4.1R on regulating B-cell fate is unclear. Here, we show an important association between B-cell fate and 4.1R. In vitro, primary B cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide combined with interleukin-4; results showed that 4.1R-deficient (4.1R-/- ) cells compared with wild-type (4.1R+/+ ) B cells augmented expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and germline, resulting in increased IgG1+ B cells, whereas the secretion of IgG1 and IgM was reduced, and CD138+ B cells were also decreased. Throughout the process, 4.1R regulated canonical nuclear factor (NF-κB) rather than non-canonical NF-κB to promote the expression of CSR complex components, leading to up-regulation of B-cell CSR. In contrast, 4.1R-deficient B cells showed reduced expression of Blimp-1, which caused B cells to down-regulate PCD. Furthermore, over-activation of canonical NF-κB may induce apoptosis signaling to cause PCD apoptosis to reduce PCD number. In summary, our results suggest that 4.1R acts as a B-cell fate regulator by inhibiting the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyao Sang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Vaidyanathan B, Chaudhry A, Yewdell WT, Angeletti D, Yen WF, Wheatley AK, Bradfield CA, McDermott AB, Yewdell JW, Rudensky AY, Chaudhuri J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls cell-fate decisions in B cells. J Exp Med 2016; 214:197-208. [PMID: 28011866 PMCID: PMC5206498 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaidyanathan et al. report that the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor is inducibly expressed in B cells downstream of BCR signaling and that it controls B cell fates by negatively modulating class switching and plasma cell differentiation via aicda and prdm1, respectively. Generation of cellular heterogeneity is an essential feature of the adaptive immune system. This is best exemplified during humoral immune response when an expanding B cell clone assumes multiple cell fates, including class-switched B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. Although each cell type is essential for immunity, their generation must be exquisitely controlled because a class-switched B cell cannot revert back to the parent isotype, and a terminally differentiated plasma cell cannot contribute to the memory pool. In this study, we show that an environmental sensor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is highly induced upon B cell activation and serves a critical role in regulating activation-induced cell fate outcomes. We find that AhR negatively regulates class-switch recombination ex vivo by altering activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression. We further demonstrate that AhR suppresses class switching in vivo after influenza virus infection and immunization with model antigens. In addition, by regulating Blimp-1 expression via Bach2, AhR represses differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts ex vivo and antibody-secreting plasma cells in vivo. These experiments suggest that AhR serves as a molecular rheostat in B cells to brake the effector response, possibly to facilitate optimal recall responses. Thus, AhR might represent a novel molecular target for manipulation of B cell responses during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Vaidyanathan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ashutosh Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Wei-Feng Yen
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 .,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
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3
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Jang KJ, Mano H, Aoki K, Hayashi T, Muto A, Nambu Y, Takahashi K, Itoh K, Taketani S, Nutt SL, Igarashi K, Shimizu A, Sugai M. Mitochondrial function provides instructive signals for activation-induced B-cell fates. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6750. [PMID: 25857523 PMCID: PMC4403446 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During immune reactions, functionally distinct B-cell subsets are generated by stochastic processes, including class-switch recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation (PCD). In this study, we show a strong association between individual B-cell fates and mitochondrial functions. CSR occurs specifically in activated B cells with increased mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which augment mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), whereas PCD occurs in cells with decreased mitochondrial mass and potential. These events are consequences of initial slight changes in mROS in mitochondriahigh B-cell populations. In CSR-committed cells, mROS attenuates haeme synthesis by inhibiting ferrous ion addition to protoporphyrin IX, thereby maintaining Bach2 function. Reduced mROS then promotes PCD by increasing haeme synthesis. In PCD-committed cells, Blimp1 reduces mitochondrial mass, thereby reducing mROS levels. Identifying mROS as a haeme synthesis regulator increases the understanding of mechanisms regulating haeme homeostasis and cell fate determination after B-cell activation. Cell fate choices are often based on amplification of noise. Here the authors show that small initial differences in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species lead to bigger changes in mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which then determine plasma cell fate choice of activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mano
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Aoki
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Hayashi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiko Muto
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nambu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- 1] Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan [2] Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Johnston RJ. Lessons about terminal differentiation from the specification of color-detecting photoreceptors in the Drosophila retina. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1293:33-44. [PMID: 23782311 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metazoans require highly diverse collections of cell types to sense, interpret, and react to the environment. Developmental programs incorporate deterministic and stochastic strategies in different contexts or different combinations to establish this multitude of cell fates. Precise genetic dissection of the processes controlling terminal photoreceptor differentiation in the Drosophila retina has revealed complex regulatory mechanisms required to generate differences in gene expression and cell fate. In this review, I discuss how a gene regulatory network interprets stochastic and regional inputs to determine the specification of color-detecting photoreceptor subtypes in the Drosophila retina. These combinatorial gene regulatory mechanisms will likely be broadly applicable to nervous system development and cell fate specification in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, USA.
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