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Ma X, Li QH, Yu YN, Qiao YM, Haq SU, Gong ZH. The CBL-CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5668. [PMID: 32784662 PMCID: PMC7461506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous stresses and developmental processes in plants. The major Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form a CBL-CIPK signaling network, which functions as a key component in the regulation of multiple stimuli or signals in plants. In this review, we describe the conserved structure of CBLs and CIPKs, characterize the features of classification and localization, draw conclusions about the currently known mechanisms, with a focus on novel findings in response to multiple stresses, and summarize the physiological functions of the CBL-CIPK network. Moreover, based on the gradually clarified mechanisms of the CBL-CIPK complex, we discuss the present limitations and potential prospects for future research. These aspects may provide a deeper understanding and functional characterization of the CBL-CIPK pathway and other signaling pathways under different stresses, which could promote crop yield improvement via biotechnological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Yi-Ming Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
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Zhou L, Lan W, Chen B, Fang W, Luan S. A calcium sensor-regulated protein kinase, CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19, is required for pollen tube growth and polarity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1351-60. [PMID: 25713341 PMCID: PMC4378171 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays an essential role in pollen tube tip growth. However, little is known concerning the molecular basis of the signaling pathways involved. Here, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE19 (CIPK19) as an important element to pollen tube growth through a functional survey for CIPK family members. The CIPK19 gene was specifically expressed in pollen grains and pollen tubes, and its overexpression induced severe loss of polarity in pollen tube growth. In the CIPK19 loss-of-function mutant, tube growth and polarity were significantly impaired, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth assays. Genetic analysis indicated that disruption of CIPK19 resulted in a male-specific transmission defect. Furthermore, loss of polarity induced by CIPK19 overexpression was associated with elevated cytosolic Ca2+ throughout the bulging tip, whereas LaCl3, a Ca2+ influx blocker, rescued CIPK19 overexpression-induced growth inhibition. Our results suggest that CIPK19 may be involved in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis through its potential function in the modulation of Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Binqing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
| | - Sheng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z., W.F.);Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (W.L., S.L.);College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (B.C.); andDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (S.L.)
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Zhou L, Lan W, Jiang Y, Fang W, Luan S. A calcium-dependent protein kinase interacts with and activates a calcium channel to regulate pollen tube growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:369-76. [PMID: 24121288 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium, as a ubiquitous second messenger, plays essential roles in tip-growing cells, such as animal neurons, plant pollen tubes, and root hairs. However, little is known concerning the regulatory mechanisms that code and decode Ca(2+) signals in plants. The evidence presented here indicates that a calcium-dependent protein kinase, CPK32, controls polar growth of pollen tubes. Overexpression of CPK32 disrupted the polar growth along with excessive Ca(2+) accumulation in the tip. A search of downstream effector molecules for CPK32 led to identification of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, CNGC18, as an interacting partner for CPK32. Co-expression of CPK32 and CNGC18 resulted in activation of CNGC18 in Xenopus oocytes where expression of CNGC18 alone did not exhibit significant calcium channel activity. Overexpression of CNGC18 produced a growth arrest phenotype coupled with accumulation of calcium in the tip, similar to that induced by CPK32 overexpression. Co-expression of CPK32 and CNGC18 had a synergistic effect leading to more severe depolarization of pollen tube growth. These results provide a potential feed-forward mechanism in which calcium-activated CPK32 activates CNGC18, further promoting calcium entry during the elevation phase of Ca(2+) oscillations in the polar growth of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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