1
|
VIEGAS EDUARDAFERNANDAGOMES, ALE-ROCHA ROSALY. Study of the Neotropical genus Bennarella Muir, 1930 with description of six new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 2022; 5124:155-187. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5124.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Six new species of Bennarella Muir, 1930 viz. B. guidai sp. nov., B. henriquesi sp. nov., B. maculipennis sp. nov., B. rafaeli sp. nov., B. vittata sp. nov. and B. xavieri sp. nov., are described and illustrated. An updated description of B. bicoloripennis Muir and B. fusca Muir, together with illustrations, pictures, and new data of records, are provided. Additionally, an identification key to males and females of the species is provided.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tworzydlo W, Jaglarz MK, Pardyak L, Bilinska B, Bilinski SM. Evolutionary origin and functioning of pregenital abdominal outgrowths in a viviparous insect, Arixenia esau. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16090. [PMID: 31695096 PMCID: PMC6834671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pregenital abdominal outgrowths occur only rarely in pterygote insects, they are interesting from the evolutionary viewpoint because of their potential homology to wings. Our previous studies of early development of an epizoic dermapteran, Arixenia esau revealed that abdominal segments of the advanced embryos and larvae, growing inside a mother’s uterus, are equipped with paired serial outgrowths. Here, we focus on the origin and functioning of these outgrowths. We demonstrate that they bud from the lateral parts of the abdominal nota, persist till the end of intrauterine development, and remain in contact with the uterus wall. We also show that the bundles of muscle fibers associated with the abdominal outgrowths may facilitate flow of the haemolymph from the outgrowths’ lumen to the larval body cavity. Following completion of the intrauterine development, abdominal outgrowths are shed together with the larval cuticle during the first molt after the larva birth. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that the Arixenia abdominal outgrowths represent an evolutionary novelty, presumably related to intrauterine development, and suggest that they are not related to serial wing homologs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan M Bilinski
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajaratnam G, Supeinthiran A, Meier R, Su KFY. CRISPR/Cas9 deletions in a conserved exon of Distal-less generates gains and losses in a recently acquired morphological novelty in flies. iScience 2018; 10:222-233. [PMID: 30553946 PMCID: PMC6297884 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal-less has been repeatedly co-opted for the development of many novel traits. Here, we document its curious role in the development of a novel abdominal appendage (“sternite brushes”) in sepsid flies. CRISPR/Cas9 deletions in the homeodomain result in losses of sternite brushes, demonstrating that Distal-less is necessary for their development. However, deletions in the upstream coding exon (Exon 2) produce losses or gains of brushes. A dissection of Exon 2 reveals that the likely mechanism for gains involves a deletion in an exon-splicing enhancer site that leads to exon skipping. Such contradictory phenotypes are also observed in butterflies, suggesting that mutations in the conserved upstream regions have the potential to generate phenotypic variability in insects that diverged 300 million years ago. Our results demonstrate the importance of Distal-less for the development of a novel abdominal appendage in insects and highlight how site-specific mutations in the same exon can produce contradictory phenotypes. Distal-less is necessary for the development of a novel abdominal appendage CRISPR/Cas9 editing produced both losses and gains of novel abdominal appendages Gains of appendages result from mutations in exonic splicing enhancer (ESEs) sites ESE mutations likely led to exon skipping and an altered Distal-less protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Rajaratnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kathy F Y Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thompson KJ. Oviposition-like central pattern generators in pregenital segments of male and female grasshoppers. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:419-433. [PMID: 29423751 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Grasshoppers produce an extraordinary oviposition behavior that is associated with multiple specializations of the skeletal and neuromuscular systems in the posterior abdomen, including a central pattern generator (CPG) in the female's terminal abdominal ganglion. Two pairs of shovel-shaped appendages, the ovipositor valves on the abdomen tip, excavate the soil for deposition of eggs. By contrast, the sexually monomorphic pregenital region of the abdomen is without appendages. Morphological homologues of ovipositor muscles and efferent neurons in the eighth abdominal segment are nevertheless present in pregenital segments of males and females. In both sexes, a robust rhythmic motor program was induced in pregenital segments by the same experimental methods used to elicit oviposition digging. The activity, recorded extracellularly, was oviposition-like in burst period (5-6 s) and homologous muscle phase relationships, and it persisted after sensory inputs were removed, indicating the presence of pregenital CPGs. The abdomen exhibited posterior-going waves of activity with an intersegmental phase delay of approximately 1 s. These results indicate that serially homologous motor systems, including functional CPGs, provided the foundation for the evolution of oviposition behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Thompson
- Department of Biology, Agnes Scott College, 141 E College Ave., Decatur, 30030, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wessel A, Mühlethaler R, Hartung V, Kuštor V, Gogala M. The Tymbal: Evolution of a Complex Vibration-Producing Organ in the Tymbalia (Hemiptera excl. Sternorrhyncha). ANIMAL SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43607-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|