1
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Strunov A, Schoenherr C, Kapun M. Wolbachia has subtle effects on thermal preference in highly inbred Drosophila melanogaster which vary with life stage and environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13792. [PMID: 37612420 PMCID: PMC10447536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature fluctuations are challenging for ectotherms which are not able to regulate body temperature by physiological means and thus have to adjust their thermal environment via behavior. However, little is yet known about whether microbial symbionts influence thermal preference (Tp) in ectotherms by modulating their physiology. Several recent studies have demonstrated substantial effects of Wolbachia infections on host Tp in different Drosophila species. These data indicate that the direction and strength of thermal preference variation is strongly dependent on host and symbiont genotypes and highly variable among studies. By employing highly controlled experiments, we investigated the impact of several environmental factors including humidity, food quality, light exposure, and experimental setup that may influence Tp measurements in adult Drosophila melanogaster flies. Additionally, we assessed the effects of Wolbachia infection on Tp of Drosophila at different developmental stages, which has not been done before. We find only subtle effects of Wolbachia on host Tp which are strongly affected by experimental variation in adult, but not during juvenile life stages. Our in-depth analyses show that environmental variation has a substantial influence on Tp which demonstrates the necessity of careful experimental design and cautious interpretations of Tp measurements together with a thorough description of the methods and equipment used to conduct behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Strunov
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Charlotte Schoenherr
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kapun
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Grinberg M, Levin R, Neuman H, Ziv O, Turjeman S, Gamliel G, Nosenko R, Koren O. Antibiotics increase aggression behavior and aggression-related pheromones and receptors in Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2022; 25:104371. [PMID: 35620429 PMCID: PMC9127605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a behavior common in most species; it is controlled by internal and external drivers, including hormones, environmental cues, and social interactions, and underlying pathways are understood in a broad range of species. To date, though, effects of gut microbiota on aggression in the context of gut-brain communication and social behavior have not been completely elucidated. We examine how manipulation of Drosophila melanogaster microbiota affects aggression as well as the pathways that underlie the behavior in this species. Male flies treated with antibiotics exhibited significantly more aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, they had higher levels of cVA and (Z)-9 Tricosene, pheromones associated with aggression in flies, as well as higher expression of the relevant pheromone receptors and transporters OR67d, OR83b, GR32a, and LUSH. These findings suggest that aggressive behavior is, at least in part, mediated by bacterial species in flies. Aggression increases in flies that lack a microbiome Monocolonization with specific bacteria can mediate this effect We observed differences in aggression-related pheromone expression levels
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3
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Strunov A, Lerch S, Blanckenhorn WU, Miller WJ, Kapun M. Complex effects of environment and Wolbachia infections on the life history of Drosophila melanogaster hosts. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:788-802. [PMID: 35532932 PMCID: PMC9321091 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia bacteria are common endosymbionts of many arthropods found in gonads and various somatic tissues. They manipulate host reproduction to enhance their transmission and confer complex effects on fitness-related traits. Some of these effects can serve to increase the survival and transmission efficiency of Wolbachia in the host population. The Wolbachia-Drosophila melanogaster system represents a powerful model to study the evolutionary dynamics of host-microbe interactions and infections. Over the past decades, there has been a replacement of the ancestral wMelCS Wolbachia variant by the more recent wMel variant in worldwide D. melanogaster populations, but the reasons remain unknown. To investigate how environmental change and genetic variation of the symbiont affect host developmental and adult life-history traits, we compared effects of both Wolbachia variants and uninfected controls in wild-caught D. melanogaster strains at three developmental temperatures. While Wolbachia did not influence any developmental life-history traits, we found that both lifespan and fecundity of host females were increased without apparent fitness trade-offs. Interestingly, wMelCS-infected flies were more fecund than uninfected and wMel-infected flies. By contrast, males infected with wMel died sooner, indicating sex-specific effects of infection that are specific to the Wolbachia variant. Our study uncovered complex temperature-specific effects of Wolbachia infections, which suggests that symbiont-host interactions in nature are strongly dependent on the genotypes of both partners and the thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Strunov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sina Lerch
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang J. Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Martin Kapun
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaWienAustria
- Natural History Museum of ViennaWienAustria
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4
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Horard B, Terretaz K, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Sobry H, Sicard M, Landmann F, Loppin B. Paternal transmission of the Wolbachia CidB toxin underlies cytoplasmic incompatibility. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1319-1331.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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5
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Rodrigues LR, Zélé F, Santos I, Magalhães S. No evidence for the evolution of mating behaviour in spider mites due to
Wolbachia
‐induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. Evolution 2022; 76:623-635. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor R. Rodrigues
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Edifício C2, 3° piso Lisboa 1749‐016 Portugal
| | - Flore Zélé
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Edifício C2, 3° piso Lisboa 1749‐016 Portugal
- Institute of Evolution Sciences (ISEM), University of Montpellier CNRS, IRD, EPHE Montpellier France
| | - Inês Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Edifício C2, 3° piso Lisboa 1749‐016 Portugal
| | - Sara Magalhães
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Edifício C2, 3° piso Lisboa 1749‐016 Portugal
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6
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Dou W, Miao Y, Xiao J, Huang D. Association of Wolbachia with Gene Expression in Drosophila Testes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:805-817. [PMID: 33555369 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia is a genus of intracellular symbiotic bacteria that are widely distributed in arthropods and nematodes. These maternally inherited bacteria regulate host reproductive systems in various ways to facilitate their vertical transmission. Since the identification of Wolbachia in many insects, the relationship between Wolbachia and the host has attracted great interest. Numerous studies have indicated that Wolbachia modifies a variety of biological processes in the host. Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) have demonstrated that Wolbachia can affect spermatid differentiation, chromosome deposition, and sperm activity in the early stages of spermatogenesis, leading to sperm dysfunction. Here, we explored the putative effect of Wolbachia in sperm maturation using transcriptomic approaches to compare gene expression in Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-free D. melanogaster adult testes. Our findings show that Wolbachia affects many biological processes in D. melanogaster adult testes, and most of the differentially expressed genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lysosomal degradation, proteolysis, lipid metabolism, and immune response were upregulated in the presence of Wolbachia. In contrast, some genes that are putatively associated with cutin and wax biosynthesis and peroxisome pathways were downregulated. We did not find any differentially expressed genes that are predicted to be related to spermatogenesis in the datasets. This work provides additional information for understanding the Wolbachia-host intracellular relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Dou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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7
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Liu J, He XZ, Zheng XL, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect. INSECTS 2021; 12:679. [PMID: 34442245 PMCID: PMC8396453 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Theoretic and empirical studies show that social surroundings experienced by male insects during their larval or adult stage can influence their testicular investment in diverse ways. Although insect pupae do not feed and crawl, they can communicate using sex-specific and/or non-sex specific cues. Yet, it is unknown, in any insect, whether and how male pupae can fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and testis size in response to socio-sexual environments. We investigated this question using a moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces fertile eupyrene sperm and unfertile apyrene sperm. We held male pupae individually or in groups with different sex ratios, and dissected adults upon eclosion, measured their testis size, and counted both types of sperm. We demonstrated that after exposure to conspecific pupal cues regardless of sex, male pupae increased production of eupyrenes and apyrenes at the same rate but kept testis size unchanged. We suggest that testis size is fixed after pupation because most morphological traits are formed during the larval stage, allowing little room for pupae to adjust testis size. Like adults, male pupae with fully grown testes have sufficient resources to produce more sperm of both types according to the perceived increase in sperm competition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.L.); (X.Z.H.)
| | - Xiong Z. He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.L.); (X.Z.H.)
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.L.); (X.Z.H.)
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8
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Liu J, He XZ, Zheng XL, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Larval social cues influence testicular investment in an insect. Curr Zool 2021; 68:1-8. [PMID: 35169624 PMCID: PMC8836345 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Socio-sexual environment can have critical impacts on reproduction and survival of animals. Consequently, they need to prepare themselves by allocating more resources to competitive traits that give them advantages in the particular social setting they have been perceiving. Evidence shows that a male usually raises his investment in sperm after he detects the current or future increase of sperm competition because relative sperm numbers can determine his paternity share. This leads to the wide use of testis size as an index of the sperm competition level, yet testis size does not always reflect sperm production. To date, it is not clear whether male animals fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and other traits as a response to social cues during their growth and development. Using a polygamous insect Ephestia kuehniella, we tested whether and how larval social environment affected sperm production, testis size, and body weight. We exposed the male larvae to different juvenile socio-sexual cues and measured these traits. We demonstrate that regardless of sex ratio, group-reared males produced more eupyrenes (fertile and nucleate sperm) but smaller testes than singly reared ones, and that body weight and apyrene (infertile and anucleate sperm) numbers remained the same across treatments. We conclude that the presence of larval social, but not sexual cues is responsible for the increase of eupyrene production and decrease of testis size. We suggest that male larvae increase investment in fertile sperm cells and reduce investment in other testicular tissues in the presence of conspecific juvenile cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New Zealand
| | - Xiong Z He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New Zealand
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New Zealand
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9
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Rooke R, Rasool A, Schneider J, Levine JD. Drosophila melanogaster behaviour changes in different social environments based on group size and density. Commun Biol 2020; 3:304. [PMID: 32533063 PMCID: PMC7293324 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms, when alone, behave differently from when they are among a crowd. Drosophila similarly display social behaviour and collective behaviour dynamics within groups not seen in individuals. In flies, these emergent behaviours may be in response to the global size of the group or local nearest-neighbour density. Here we investigate i) which aspect of social life flies respond to: group size, density, or both and ii) whether behavioural changes within the group are dependent on olfactory support cells. Behavioural assays demonstrate that flies adjust their interactive behaviour to group size but otherwise compensate for density by achieving a standard rate of movement, suggesting that individuals are aware of the number of others within their group. We show that olfactory support cells are necessary for flies to behave normally in large groups. These findings shed insight into the subtle and complex life of Drosophila within a social setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rooke
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Amara Rasool
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Joel D Levine
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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10
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Singh R, Linksvayer TA. Wolbachia-infected ant colonies have increased reproductive investment and an accelerated life cycle. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb220079. [PMID: 32253286 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.220079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia is a widespread genus of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that often manipulates the reproductive strategy and life history of its hosts to favor its own transmission. Wolbachia-mediated phenotypic effects are well characterized in solitary hosts, but effects in social hosts are unclear. The invasive pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis, shows natural variation in Wolbachia infection between colonies and can be readily bred under laboratory conditions. We previously showed that Wolbachia-infected pharaoh ant colonies had more queen-biased sex ratios than uninfected colonies, which is expected to favor the spread of maternally transmitted Wolbachia Here, we further characterize the effects of Wolbachia on the short- and longer-term reproductive and life history traits of pharaoh ant colonies. First, we characterized the reproductive differences between naturally infected and uninfected colonies at three discrete time points and found that infected colonies had higher reproductive investment (i.e. infected colonies produced more new queens), particularly when existing colony queens were 3 months old. Next, we compared the long-term growth and reproduction dynamics of infected and uninfected colonies across their whole life cycle. Infected colonies had increased colony-level growth and early colony reproduction, resulting in a shorter colony life cycle, when compared with uninfected colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Pontier SM, Schweisguth F. Response to "Does pupal communication influence Wolbachia-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility?". Curr Biol 2019; 27:R55-R56. [PMID: 28118586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In a recent Current Biology paper [1], we reported that pheromone communication occurred during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Female pheromones appeared to influence various aspects of the physiology and development of adult males. In particular, we observed that this communication regulated testis development and had a positive impact on reproduction, as measured by a difference in the % of eggs developing into larvae in crosses involving adult male flies that had developed at metamorphosis with or without female pupae [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Pontier
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR3738, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR3738, F-75015 Paris, France
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12
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Jacquet A, Horard B, Loppin B. Does pupal communication influence Wolbachia-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility? Curr Biol 2019; 27:R53-R55. [PMID: 28118585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia are widespread endosymbiotic bacteria found in terrestrial arthropods and filarial nematodes [1]. In insects, Wolbachia generally rely on diverse strategies to manipulate their host's reproduction and favor their own vertical transmission through infected eggs [2]. One such mechanism is a sterility syndrome called 'cytoplasmic incompatibility'. Cytoplasmic incompatibility occurs at fertilization, when a spermatozoon from a Wolbachia-infected male fertilizes an uninfected egg. In this case, sperm-derived chromosomes fail to separate normally at the first zygotic division, thus preventing the development of a diploid embryo [3]. Moreover, the presence of Wolbachia in females rescues the integration of paternal chromosomes in the zygote and allows the development of a viable, infected individual. Although the molecular basis of cytoplasmic incompatibility is still unknown, a current model implies the existence of Wolbachia-induced reversible modifications on sperm DNA or chromatin that must be eliminated or neutralized shortly after fertilization by rescuing Wolbachia factors present in infected eggs [4]. In a recent Current Biology paper [5], Stéphanie Pontier and François Schweisguth recently challenged this model by proposing that Wolbachia perturbs a pheromone-based communication between male and female pupae in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, which controls the "compatibility range" of male and female gametes. However, we fail to detect any influence of pupal communication on cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila simulans as well as in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Our results thus question the robustness of their model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et de Biologie Evolutive - CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Béatrice Horard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et de Biologie Evolutive - CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Loppin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et de Biologie Evolutive - CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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13
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Beckmann JF, Bonneau M, Chen H, Hochstrasser M, Poinsot D, Merçot H, Weill M, Sicard M, Charlat S. The Toxin-Antidote Model of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Genetics and Evolutionary Implications. Trends Genet 2019; 35:175-185. [PMID: 30685209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia bacteria inhabit the cells of about half of all arthropod species, an unparalleled success stemming in large part from selfish invasive strategies. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), whereby the symbiont makes itself essential to embryo viability, is the most common of these and constitutes a promising weapon against vector-borne diseases. After decades of theoretical and experimental struggle, major recent advances have been made toward a molecular understanding of this phenomenon. As pieces of the puzzle come together, from yeast and Drosophila fly transgenesis to CI diversity patterns in natural mosquito populations, it becomes clearer than ever that the CI induction and rescue stem from a toxin-antidote (TA) system. Further, the tight association of the CI genes with prophages provides clues to the possible evolutionary origin of this phenomenon and the levels of selection at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Beckmann
- Auburn University, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Equal contribution
| | - Manon Bonneau
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France; Equal contribution
| | - Hongli Chen
- Yale University, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Yale University, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Denis Poinsot
- Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement, et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Merçot
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Evolution Paris Seine (IBPS, EPS), 7-9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mylène Weill
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
| | - Sylvain Charlat
- CNRS, University of Lyon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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14
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Schneider DI, Ehrman L, Engl T, Kaltenpoth M, Hua-Van A, Le Rouzic A, Miller WJ. Symbiont-Driven Male Mating Success in the Neotropical Drosophila paulistorum Superspecies. Behav Genet 2019; 49:83-98. [PMID: 30456532 PMCID: PMC6327003 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-018-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are ubiquitous associates of living organisms but their role in mediating reproductive isolation (RI) remains controversial. We addressed this knowledge gap by employing the Drosophila paulistorum-Wolbachia model system. Semispecies in the D. paulistorum species complex exhibit strong RI between each other and knockdown of obligate mutualistic Wolbachia bacteria in female D. paulistorum flies triggers loss of assortative mating behavior against males carrying incompatible Wolbachia strains. Here we set out to determine whether de novo RI can be introduced by Wolbachia-knockdown in D. paulistorum males. We show that Wolbachia-knockdown D. paulistorum males (i) are rejected as mates by wild type females, (ii) express altered sexual pheromone profiles, and (iii) are devoid of the endosymbiont in pheromone producing cells. Our findings suggest that changes in Wolbachia titer and tissue tropism can induce de novo premating isolation by directly or indirectly modulating sexual behavior of their native D. paulistorum hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lee Ehrman
- Natural Sciences, State University of New York, Purchase College, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurélie Hua-Van
- Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wolfgang J Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Engl T, Michalkova V, Weiss BL, Uzel GD, Takac P, Miller WJ, Abd-Alla AMM, Aksoy S, Kaltenpoth M. Effect of antibiotic treatment and gamma-irradiation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and mate choice in tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans). BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:145. [PMID: 30470188 PMCID: PMC6251160 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic microbes represent a driving force of evolutionary innovation by conferring novel ecological traits to their hosts. Many insects are associated with microbial symbionts that contribute to their host's nutrition, digestion, detoxification, reproduction, immune homeostasis, and defense. In addition, recent studies suggest a microbial involvement in chemical communication and mating behavior, which can ultimately impact reproductive isolation and, hence, speciation. Here we investigated whether a disruption of the microbiota through antibiotic treatment or irradiation affects cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, and possibly mate choice behavior in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Four independent experiments that differentially knock down the multiple bacterial symbionts of tsetse flies were conducted by subjecting tsetse flies to ampicillin, tetracycline, or gamma-irradiation and analyzing their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in comparison to untreated controls by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. In two of the antibiotic experiments, flies were mass-reared, while individual rearing was done for the third experiment to avoid possible chemical cross-contamination between individual flies. RESULTS All three antibiotic experiments yielded significant effects of antibiotic treatment (particularly tetracycline) on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in both female and male G. m. morsitans, while irradiation itself had no effect on the CHC profiles. Importantly, tetracycline treatment reduced relative amounts of 15,19,23-trimethyl-heptatriacontane, a known compound of the female contact sex pheromone, in two of the three experiments, suggesting a possible implication of microbiota disturbance on mate choice decisions. Concordantly, both female and male flies preferred non-treated over tetracycline-treated flies in direct choice assays. CONCLUSIONS While we cannot exclude the possibility that antibiotic treatment had a directly detrimental effect on fly vigor as we are unable to recolonize antibiotic treated flies with individual symbiont taxa, our results are consistent with an effect of the microbiota, particularly the obligate nutritional endosymbiont Wigglesworthia, on CHC profiles and mate choice behavior. These findings highlight the importance of considering host-microbiota interactions when studying chemical communication and mate choice in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Michalkova
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian L Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Güler D Uzel
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Takac
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wolfgang J Miller
- Laboratories of Genome Dynamics, Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Ito N, Katoh K, Kushige H, Saito Y, Umemoto T, Matsuzaki Y, Kiyonari H, Kobayashi D, Soga M, Era T, Araki N, Furuta Y, Suda T, Kida Y, Ohta K. Ribosome Incorporation into Somatic Cells Promotes Lineage Transdifferentiation towards Multipotency. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1634. [PMID: 29374279 PMCID: PMC5786109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that bacterial incorporation induces cellular transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts. However, the bacterium-intrinsic cellular- transdifferentiation factor remained unknown. Here, we found that cellular transdifferentiation is caused by ribosomes. Ribosomes, isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, induce the formation of embryoid body-like cell clusters. Numerous ribosomes are incorporated into both the cytoplasm and nucleus through trypsin-activated endocytosis, which leads to cell-cluster formation. Although ribosome-induced cell clusters (RICs) express several stemness markers and differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers in heterogeneous cell populations, RICs fail to proliferate, alter the methylation states of pluripotent genes, or contribute to teratoma or chimera formation. However, RICs express markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition without altering the cell cycle, despite their proliferation obstruction. These findings demonstrate that incorporation of ribosomes into host cells induces cell transdifferentiation and alters cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Ito
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kaoru Katoh
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kushige
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuzaki
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Minami Soga
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Norie Araki
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-0811, Japan.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuyuki Kida
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,International Research Core for Stem Cell-based Developmental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms can influence the fitness of their insect hosts by modulating pheromone production and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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18
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Gershman SN, Rundle HD. Crowd control: sex ratio affects sexually selected cuticular hydrocarbons in male Drosophila serrata. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:583-590. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Gershman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; The Ohio State University at Marion; Marion OH USA
| | - H. D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
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19
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Wolbachia in European Populations of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii: Regional Variation in Infection Frequencies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147766. [PMID: 26809119 PMCID: PMC4725738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is characterized by a specific fresh-fruit targeting behavior and has quickly become a menace for the fruit economy of newly infested North American and European regions. D. suzukii carries a strain of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, named wSuz, which has a low infection frequency and no reproductive manipulation capabilities in American populations of D. suzukii. To further understand the nature of wSuz biology and assess its utility as a tool for controlling this pest’s populations, we investigated the prevalence of Wolbachia in 23 European D. suzukii populations, and compared our results with those available in American populations. Our data showed a highly variable infection frequency with a mean prevalence of 46%, which is significantly higher than the 17% found in American populations. Based on Multilocus Sequence Typing analysis, a single wSuz strain was diagnosed in all European populations of D. suzukii. In agreement with American data, we found no evidence of cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by wSuz. These findings raise two questions: a) why Wolbachia is maintained in field populations of D. suzukii and b) what are the selective forces responsible for the variation in prevalence within populations, particularly between European and American continents? Our results provide new insights into the D. suzukii-Wolbachia association and highlight regional variations that await further investigation and that should be taken into account for using Wolbachia-based pest management programs.
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