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Guerrero-Jiménez G, Álvarez-Solis FS, Aguilar-Nazare E, Adabache-Ortiz A, Baquero-Mariaca A, Wallace RL, Silva-Briano M. To what extent are ephippia of Mexican Anomopoda (Crustacea, Cladocera) identifiable? Zookeys 2024; 1205:169-189. [PMID: 38957218 PMCID: PMC11217647 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1205.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diapausing embryos encased within cladoceran ephippia result from sexual reproduction and increase genetic diversity. They are also important means by which species bypass harsh environmental conditions and disperse in space and time. Once released, ephippia usually sink to the benthos and remain there until hatching. Using the Sars' method (incubating sediments to identify cladoceran hatchlings), ephippial egg bank biodiversity can be evaluated. Yet, even when samples are incubated under a variety of conditions, it is not possible to warrant that all have hatched. Few keys are available that facilitate the identification of cladocerans by using only ephippial morphology. Our goal was to analyze some cladoceran ephippia from Mexico, to develop a means to identify them using easily recognizable characteristics. Ephippia of 23 cladoceran species from waters in Aguascalientes (México) in 11 genera (Alona, Biapertura, Ceriodaphnia, Chydorus, Daphnia, Dunhevedia, Ilyocryptus, Macrothrix, Moina, Pleuroxus, and Simocephalus) were analyzed. In our analysis six morphological features were selected that permitted the identification of ephippia to species(-group) level. The results demonstrate that with a proper catalog of features, some ephippia can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Guerrero-Jiménez
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Frida S. Álvarez-Solis
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Elaine Aguilar-Nazare
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Araceli Adabache-Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Aleksandra Baquero-Mariaca
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, USARipon CollegeRiponUnited States of America
| | - Marcelo Silva-Briano
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología. Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesAguascalientesMexico
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Gueriau P, Parry LA, Rabet N. Gilsonicaris from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück slate is a eunicidan annelid and not the oldest crown anostracan crustacean. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230312. [PMID: 37643644 PMCID: PMC10465189 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lower Devonian (Lower Emsian, -400 Myr) roof slates of the Hunsrück in southeastern Germany have delivered a highly diverse and exceptionally preserved marine fauna that provides a unique snapshot into the anatomy and ecology of a wide range of Palaeozoic animals. Several of the described taxa, however, remain enigmatic in their affinity, at least until new pyritized features hidden under the surface of the slate are revealed using X-ray radiography or micro-computed tomography (µCT). Here, we redescribe such an enigmatic fossil, the putative anostracan crustacean Gilsonicaris rhenanus Van Straelen, 1943. Using µCT scanning, we unveil unprecedented details of its anatomy, including a ventral oral opening and four pairs of recalcitrant jaw elements. These jaws are morphologically consistent with the scolecodonts of eunicidan polychaetes, which along with the gross anatomy of the body and head unambiguously identifies G. rhenanus as a polychaete rather than an arthropod. While this discovery firmly discards the Early Devonian record of crown anostracans in the fossil record, it adds a new record of eunicidan soft tissues, which are surprisingly rare considering the abundant microfossil record of scolecodonts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Gueriau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. A. Parry
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - N. Rabet
- BOREA, Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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3
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Nicolini F, Martelossi J, Forni G, Savojardo C, Mantovani B, Luchetti A. Comparative genomics of Hox and ParaHox genes among major lineages of Branchiopoda with emphasis on tadpole shrimps. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1046960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox and ParaHox genes (HPHGs) are key developmental genes that pattern regional identity along the anterior–posterior body axis of most animals. Here, we identified HPHGs in tadpole shrimps (Pancrustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca), an iconic example of the so-called “living fossils” and performed a comparative genomics analysis of HPHGs and the Hox cluster among major branchiopod lineages. Notostraca possess the entire Hox complement, and the Hox cluster seems to be split into two different subclusters, although we were not able to support this finding with chromosome-level assemblies. However, the genomic structure of Hox genes in Notostraca appears more derived than that of Daphnia spp., which instead retains the plesiomorphic condition of a single compact cluster. Spinicaudata and Artemia franciscana show instead a Hox cluster subdivided across two or more genomic scaffolds with some orthologs either duplicated or missing. Yet, branchiopod HPHGs are similar among the various clades in terms of both intron length and number, as well as in their pattern of molecular evolution. Sequence substitution rates are in fact generally similar for most of the branchiopod Hox genes and the few differences we found cannot be traced back to natural selection, as they are not associated with any signals of diversifying selection or substantial switches in selective modes. Altogether, these findings do not support a significant stasis in the Notostraca Hox cluster and further confirm how morphological evolution is not tightly associated with genome dynamics.
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Zippel A, Baranov VA, Hammel JU, Hörnig MK, Haug C, Haug JT. The first fossil immature of Elmidae: an unusual riffle beetle larva preserved in Baltic amber. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13025. [PMID: 35415015 PMCID: PMC8995018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elmidae, riffle beetles, have both adult and immature stages that show specializations for water environments. Fossils of adults of Elmidae are already known from amber, however a record of immatures was so far lacking. We report here the first fossil larva of Elmidae, preserved in Baltic amber. To be able to access details of the body hidden by inclusions and "Verlumung" we conducted, in addition to optical documentation methods, micro-CT and synchrotron documentation methods. The larva is characterised by prominent dorso-lateral and lateral processes and a plate-like ventral operculum at the end of the abdomen. The new fossil has similarities in the general body shape and the prominent characters with some modern larvae of Elmidae. The posterior protrusions on the trunk end possibly represent gills, which would imply that fossil larvae of Elmidae also led a water-related life style similar to modern representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zippel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Biocenter, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Marie K. Hörnig
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carolin Haug
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Biocenter, Munich, Germany,GeoBio-Center at LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim T. Haug
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Biocenter, Munich, Germany,GeoBio-Center at LMU, Munich, Germany
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Sigvardt ZMS, Olesen J, Rogers DC, Timms B, Mlambo M, Rabet N, Palero F. Multilocus phylogenetics of smooth clam shrimps (Branchiopoda, Laevicaudata). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - D. Christopher Rogers
- Kansas Biological Survey, and The Natural History Museum (Biodiversity Institute) The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Brian Timms
- Australian Museum Sydney NSW Australia
- Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscape Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
| | - Musa Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates Albany Museum Makhanda (Grahamstown) South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda (Grahamstown) South Africa
| | - Nicolas Rabet
- Département des milieux et peuplements aquatiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Ferran Palero
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Paterna Spain
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
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Robin N, Gueriau P, Luque J, Jarvis D, Daley AC, Vonk R. The oldest peracarid crustacean reveals a Late Devonian freshwater colonization by isopod relatives. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210226. [PMID: 34129798 PMCID: PMC8205522 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peracarida (e.g. woodlice and side-swimmers) are, together with their sister-group Eucarida (e.g. krill and decapods), the most speciose group of modern crustaceans, suggested to have appeared as early as the Ordovician. While eucarids' incursion onto land consists of mainly freshwater and littoral grounds, some peracarids have evolved fully terrestrial ground-crawling ecologies, inhabiting even our gardens in temperate regions (e.g. pillbugs and sowbugs). Their fossil record extends back to the Carboniferous and consists mainly of marine occurrences. Here, we provide a complete re-analysis of a fossil arthropod-Oxyuropoda-reported in 1908 from the Late Devonian floodplains of Ireland, and left with unresolved systematic affinities despite a century of attempts at identification. Known from a single specimen preserved in two dimensions, we analysed its anatomy using digital microscopy and multispectral macroimaging to enhance the contrast of morphological structures. The new anatomical characters and completeness of Oxyuropoda, together with a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of all major Eumalacostraca groups, indicate that Oxyuropoda is a crown peracarid, part of a clade including amphipods and isopods. As such, Oxyuropoda is the oldest known species Peracarida, and provides evidence that derived peracarids had an incursion into freshwater and terrestrial environments as early as the Famennian, more than 360 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Robin
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23N73K, Ireland
| | - P. Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. Luque
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23N73K, Ireland
| | - A. C. Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Vonk
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Uozumi T, Ishiwata K, Grygier MJ, Sanoamuang LO, Su ZH. Three nuclear protein-coding genes corroborate a recent phylogenomic model of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea) and provide estimates of the divergence times of the major branchiopodan taxa. Genes Genet Syst 2021; 96:13-24. [PMID: 33716233 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.20-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The class Branchiopoda (Crustacea) shows great diversity in morphology and lifestyle among its constituent higher-level taxa: Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida and Cladocera. The phylogenetic relationships among these taxa have long been controversial. We sequenced three orthologous nuclear genes that encode the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta and the largest and second-largest subunits of RNA polymerase II in the expectation that the amino acid sequences encoded by these genes might be effective in clarifying branchiopod phylogeny and estimating the times of divergence of the major branchiopodan taxa. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on these amino acid sequences support the monophyly of Branchiopoda and provide strong molecular evidence in support of the following phylogenetic relationships: (Anostraca, (Notostraca, (Laevicaudata, (Spinicaudata, (Cyclestherida, Cladocera))))). Within Cladocera, comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these same genes shows Ctenopoda to be the sister group of Haplopoda + Anomopoda. Three statistical tests based on the present amino acid sequence data-the approximately unbiased test, Kishino-Hasegawa test and weighted Shimodaira-Hasegawa test-tend to refute most of the previous molecular phylogenetic studies on Branchiopoda, which have placed Notostraca differently than here; however, our results corroborate those of one recent phylogenomic study, thus confirming the effectiveness of these three genes to investigate relationships among branchiopod higher taxa. Divergence time estimates calibrated on the basis of fossil evidence suggest that the first divergence of extant branchiopods occurred about 534 Ma during the early Cambrian period and that diversification within the extant branchiopod lineages started in or after the late Permian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Uozumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University.,JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki
| | - Keisuke Ishiwata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University.,JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki
| | - Mark J Grygier
- Lake Biwa Museum.,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University
| | - La-Orsri Sanoamuang
- Applied Taxonomic Research Center and International College, Khon Kaen University
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University.,JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki
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8
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A Review of Recently Discovered Remains of the Pleistocene Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca) from NE Siberia and Arctic Canada. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine, identify, and discuss fossil remains of large branchiopod crustaceans collected from six sites across the Beringian region (north-eastern Asia and north-western North America). Eggs and mandibles from Anostraca and Notostraca, as well as a notostracan telson fragment and a possible notostracan second maxilla, were collected from both paleosediment samples and also from large mammal hair. The remains of large branchiopods and other species that are limited to seasonally astatic aquatic habitats (temporary wetlands) could be useful indicator organisms of paleoecological conditions. Different recent large branchiopod species have very different ecological preferences, with each species limited to specific geochemical component tolerance ranges regarding various salinity, cation, and gypsum concentrations. Our purpose is to bring the potential usefulness of these common fossil organisms to the attention of paleoecologists.
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Pleistocene Branchiopods (Cladocera, Anostraca) from Transbaikalian Siberia Demonstrate Morphological and Ecological Stasis. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleistocene water bodies have been studied using the paleolimnological approach, which traces environmental changes using particular subfossils as ecological proxies, rather than analysis of the paleocommunities themselves. Within a given taphocoenosis, the presence and quantity of animals are related to environmental conditions rather than to community types where relationships between taxa are stabilized during their long-term co-occurrence and are (at least partially) more important than the particular environmental conditions at the time of deposition, which may have experienced significant seasonal and inter-seasonal variations. Here, we analyze Branchiopoda (Crustacea) of two paleolocalities in the Transbaikalian Region of Russia: Urtuy (MIS3) and Nozhiy (older than 1.5 million years). Cladocerans Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna, D. (C.) similis, D. (Daphnia) pulex, Ceriodaphnia pulchella-reticulata, C. laticaudata, Simocephalus sp., Moina cf. brachiata, M. macropopa clade, Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Capmtocercus sp. and anostracans Branchinecta cf. paludosa, and Streptocephalus (Streptocephalus) sp. are found in two localities. With the exception of the last taxon, which now occurs in the southern Holarctic, all other taxa inhabit the Transbaikalian Region. Within Eurasia, the steppe zone has the greatest diversity of large branchiopods and a high diversity of some cladocerans, such as subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and Moina sp. Here we demonstrated that the branchiopod community in shallow steppe water bodies has been unchanged since at least the Pleistocene, demonstrating long-term morphological and ecological stasis.
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Hegna TA, Astrop TI. The Fossil Record of the Clam Shrimp (Crustacea; Branchiopoda). Zool Stud 2020; 59:e43. [PMID: 33335593 PMCID: PMC7736769 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clam shrimp (the paraphyletic assemblage of spinicaudatans, laevicaudatans, cyclestherids and the extinct leaiins) are small, bivalved branchiopod crustaceans that specialize in ephemeral freshwater habitats. They have a long fossil record (Devonian onward) that has often been overlooked. Here we briefly review the fossil record of the major groups of clam shrimp and clear up some misconceptions in the literature as to their origin. The dominant group of clam shrimp in the fossil record is the Spinicaudata, which have a diverse fossil record beginning in the Devonian. The clam shrimp suborder Laevicaudata are known from the Permian, with possible soft-part preservation from the Jurassic. However, owing the character-poor nature of these fossils, it is impossible to tell if they represent crown group or stem group laevicaudatans. In contrast, the total group Spinicaudata have a rich record of mostly carapace fossils- the earliest from the Early Devonian. The leaiins are an enigmatic extinct diplostracan lineage thought to be closely related to the spinicaudatans. They have a record that extends from the Middle Devonian to the Permian. The Cyclestherida have a somewhat problematic fossil record: there are no examples of cyclestherids preserved with soft-parts, so the only character used to assign fossils to this lineage is the carapace shape. According to that metric, cyclestherids have a record that begins in the Middle Devonian. Exceptionally preserved clam shrimp are found in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Assessing holistically what is known about the clam shrimp fossil record along with carapace morphology, carapace ornamentation and examples of exceptional preservation will ultimately contribute to a synthetic paleontological and neontological understanding of the group, its systematics and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Hegna
- Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, SUNY Fredonia, 203 Jewett Hall, 280 Central Avenue, Fredonia, NY 14063, USA. E-mail: (Hegna)
| | - Timothy I Astrop
- Fossil Forest Project, Blast Road, Brymbo, Wales, United Kingdom, LI11 5BT. E-mail: (Astrop)
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Rogers DC, Hegna TA. Fossil and Modern Clam Shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata): The World's First Clam Shrimp Symposium and a Celebration of Brian V. Timms. Zool Stud 2020; 59:e32. [PMID: 33262855 PMCID: PMC7689050 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This special volume of Zoological Studies is the result of a symposium entitled "Fossil and Modern Clam Shrimp" held at the midyear meeting of The Crustacean Society in May of 2019. This symposium is the first ever focusing on clam shrimp, and the first conference where both palaeontologists and biologists specialising in these animals were able to come together. The papers presented here provide insight into the palaeontology, biology, ecology, taxonomy and phylogeny of the clam shrimp. This chapter introduces the symposium, its aims, and the resulting research, presented in the subsequent chapters. In addition, in this symposium we celebrate our great friend Brian V. Timms, who has mentored so many of us, brought us on various excursions across Australia, and has done more to advance Australian branchiopod studies than anyone else in history.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christopher Rogers
- Kansas Biological Survey, and The Biodiversity Institute, The University of Kansas, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3759, USA. E-mail: (Rogers)
| | - Thomas A Hegna
- Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, SUNY Fredonia, 203 Jewett Hall, 280 Central Avenue, Fredonia, NY 14063, USA. E-mail: (Hegna)
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12
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Ou Q, Vannier J, Yang X, Chen A, Mai H, Shu D, Han J, Fu D, Wang R, Mayer G. Evolutionary trade-off in reproduction of Cambrian arthropods. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3376. [PMID: 32426476 PMCID: PMC7190318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs play a crucial role in the evolution of life-history strategies of extant organisms by shaping traits such as growth pattern, reproductive investment, and lifespan. One important trade-off is between offspring number and energy (nutrition, parental care, etc.) allocated to individual offspring. Exceptional Cambrian fossils allowed us to trace the earliest evidence of trade-offs in arthropod reproduction. †Chuandianella ovata, from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China, brooded numerous (≤100 per clutch), small (Ø, ~0.5 mm) eggs under carapace flaps. The closely related †Waptia fieldensis, from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of Canada, also brooded young, but carried fewer (≤ 26 per clutch), larger (Ø, ~2.0 mm) eggs. The notable differences in clutch/egg sizes between these two species suggest an evolutionary trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring. The shift toward fewer, larger eggs might be an adaptive response to marine ecosystem changes through the early-middle Cambrian. We hypothesize that reproductive trade-offs might have facilitated the evolutionary success of early arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ou
- Early Life Evolution Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Zoology, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jean Vannier
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement (CNRS-UMR 5276), 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ailin Chen
- Research Center of Paleobiology, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Huijuan Mai
- MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Degan Shu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jian Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Dongjing Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Early Life Evolution Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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13
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Jauvion C, Audo D, Bernard S, Vannier J, Daley AC, Charbonnier S. A new polychelidan lobster preserved with its eggs in a 165 Ma nodule. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3574. [PMID: 32107415 PMCID: PMC7046737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean eggs are rare in the fossil record. Here we report the exquisite preservation of a fossil polychelidan embedded within an unbroken nodule from the Middle Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte (France) and found with hundreds of eggs attached to the pleon. This specimen belongs to a new species, Palaeopolycheles nantosueltae sp. nov. and offers unique clues to discuss the evolution of brooding behaviour in polychelidan lobsters. In contrast to their development, which now relies on a long-lived planktic larval stage that probably did not exist in the early evolutionary steps of the group, the brood size of polychelidan lobsters seems to have remained unchanged and comparatively small since the Jurassic. This finding is at odds with reproductive strategies in other lobster groups, in which a long-lived planktic larval stage is associated with a large brood size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Jauvion
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7207, CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, 8 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France. .,Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France.
| | - Denis Audo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Jean Vannier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, 2, rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Allison C Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Charbonnier
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7207, CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, 8 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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Izquierdo-López A, Caron JB. Correction to 'A possible case of inverted lifestyle in a new bivalved arthropod from the Burgess Shale'. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192111. [PMID: 32218985 PMCID: PMC7029943 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191350.].
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15
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Cerca J, Meyer C, Stateczny D, Siemon D, Wegbrod J, Purschke G, Dimitrov D, Struck TH. Deceleration of morphological evolution in a cryptic species complex and its link to paleontological stasis. Evolution 2019; 74:116-131. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Cerca
- Frontiers of Evolutionary Zoology Research Group, Natural History MuseumUniversity of Oslo Oslo 0562 Norway
| | - Christian Meyer
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Zoology and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Osnabrueck 49069 Osnabrueck Germany
| | - Dave Stateczny
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Zoology and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Osnabrueck 49069 Osnabrueck Germany
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Dominik Siemon
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Jana Wegbrod
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Gunter Purschke
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Zoology and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Osnabrueck 49069 Osnabrueck Germany
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of BergenUniversity of Bergen 5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Torsten H. Struck
- Frontiers of Evolutionary Zoology Research Group, Natural History MuseumUniversity of Oslo Oslo 0562 Norway
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Izquierdo-López A, Caron JB. A possible case of inverted lifestyle in a new bivalved arthropod from the Burgess Shale. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191350. [PMID: 31827867 PMCID: PMC6894550 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the arthropod carapace, an enlargement of cephalic tergites, can be traced back to the Cambrian period. However, its disparity and evolution are still not fully understood. Here, we describe a new 'bivalved' arthropod, Fibulacaris nereidis gen. et sp. nov., based on 102 specimens from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) Burgess Shale, Marble Canyon area in British Columbia's Kootenay National Park, Canada. The laterally compressed carapace covers most of the body. It is fused dorsally and merges anteriorly into a conspicuous postero-ventrally recurved rostrum as long as the carapace and positioned between a pair of backwards-facing pedunculate eyes. The body is homonomous, with approximately 40 weakly sclerotized segments bearing biramous legs with elongate endopods, and ends in a pair of small flap-like caudal rami. Fibulacaris nereidis is interpreted as a suspension feeder possibly swimming inverted, in a potential case of convergence with some branchiopods. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis places it within a group closely related to the extinct Hymenocarina. Fibulacaris nereidis is unique in its carapace morphology and overall widens the ecological disparity of Cambrian arthropods and suggests that the evolution of a 'bivalved' carapace and an upside-down lifestyle may have occurred early in stem-group crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Izquierdo-López
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3B2
| | - Jean-Bernard Caron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3B2
- Department of Natural History (Palaeobiology Section), Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 2C6
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3B1
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Wagner P, Haug JT, Haug C. A new calmanostracan crustacean species from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation and a simple approach for differentiating fossil tadpole shrimps and their relatives. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:20. [PMID: 31245037 PMCID: PMC6582493 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmanostraca is a group of branchiopod eucrustaceans, with Triops cancriformis and Lepidurus apus as most prominent representatives. Both are regularly addressed with the inaccurate tag "living fossil", suggesting that the morphology has remained stable for several millions of years. Yet, T. cancriformis and L. apus represent only a fraction of the morphological diversity occurring in Calmanostraca, comprising the two groups Notostraca and Kazacharthra. Notostracans, commonly called tadpole shrimps, comprise the two groups Lepidurus and Triops with their elongated and rather narrow (in dorsal view) head shields. Kazacharthrans are exclusively fossil calmanostracans with broad and rather short shields, known from the Jurassic and Triassic period. One formation where fossil calmanostracans have been found is the Yixian Formation of northeastern China (Lower Cretaceous, 125-121 million years). It is part of the Jehol Group, an ecosystem known for its exceptionally well-preserved fossils, including vertebrates and plants, but also diverse arthropods. Two calmanostracan species have to date been described from the Yixian Formation, Jeholops hongi and Chenops yixianensis. RESULTS We describe here a new calmanostracan crustacean from the Yixian Formation, Notostraca oleseni, and additionally a simple tool using a morphospace analysis to delineate different species. Measurements characterising the shield and trunk proportions of different calmanostracan species were performed, data were size-corrected, and used for this morphospace analysis to compare the different morphologies. As sclerotised body parts are more likely to be preserved in fossils than soft tissue, shields and parts of the trunk are in many cases the only morphological structures available for study. Therefore, the present analysis represents a simple tool for distinguishing between different species, as well as allowing the inclusion of specimens that are only preserved fragmentarily. Additionally, it provides a tool to demarcate the kazacharthran-like specimen described, but not formally named, by Wagner et al. (Paleontol Res. 22:57-63, 2018). Hence, we amended the description and name the species Calmanostraca hassbergella. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a large diversity in shield and trunk morphology in calmanostracans, in contrast to their often claimed highly conserved and uniform morphology. Especially extinct forms such as Notostraca oleseni add up to this result and point to the species richness and morphological diversity within Calmanostraca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wagner
- Department of Biology II, LMU Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joachim T. Haug
- Department of Biology II, LMU Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- GeoBio-Center der LMU München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Haug
- Department of Biology II, LMU Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- GeoBio-Center der LMU München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Lessios N, Rutowski RL, Cohen JH. Multiple spectral channels in branchiopods. II. Role in light-dependent behavior and natural light environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.165878. [PMID: 29622667 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Light is a primary environmental factor used by aquatic invertebrates for depth selection behavior. Many branchiopod crustaceans live in ephemeral aquatic habitats. All branchiopod crustaceans studied to date express four or more visual opsins in their compound eyes. We asked whether two branchiopods, Triops longicaudatus and Streptocephalus mackini, use multiple spectral channels to regulate their position in the water column. At the lowest intensities that elicited photonegative behavior, both species had broad spectral bandwidths, suggesting they use multiple spectral photoreceptor classes. Male S. mackini were more likely to maintain a vertical position 8.0-12.0 cm below the surface than females, independently of whether females were present. Male photopositive behavior at low intensity was restricted to a narrow bandwidth centered at 532 nm, suggesting a single photoreceptor class is used to maintain position above females. We compared ephemeral pools from two regions in Arizona and found that diffuse light attenuation coefficients were two orders of magnitude greater than the most heavily attenuating coastal waters. At less than 1 m of depth, pools were often dimmer than terrestrial habitats under starlight. Soil particle size distribution in each region affected spectral light environments, and behavioral responses of field-caught shrimp were adapted to the spectral properties of their region. The results suggest that branchiopods predominantly use luminance vision summed from multiple spectral photoreceptor classes for depth selection in dim, spectrally variable environments. The neuroanatomical basis for summation is described in a companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lessios
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, 611 Gould-Simpson, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ronald L Rutowski
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Jonathan H Cohen
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
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Alfonso G. Diversity and distribution of large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata) in Apulian ponds (SE Italy). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1294628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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20
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Sigvardt ZMS, Rogers DC, Olesen J. Functional morphology of amplexus (clasping) in spinicaudatan clam shrimps (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) and its evolution in bivalved branchiopods: A video-based analysis. J Morphol 2017; 278:523-546. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra M. S. Sigvardt
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - D. Christopher Rogers
- Kansas Biological Survey and the Natural History Museum (Biodiversity Institute), Kansas University; Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence KS 66047-3759 USA
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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21
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Strullu-Derrien C, Goral T, Longcore JE, Olesen J, Kenrick P, Edgecombe GD. A New Chytridiomycete Fungus Intermixed with Crustacean Resting Eggs in a 407-Million-Year-Old Continental Freshwater Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167301. [PMID: 27973602 PMCID: PMC5156353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 407-million-year-old Rhynie Chert (Scotland) contains the most intact fossilised remains of an early land-based ecosystem including plants, arthropods, fungi and other microorganisms. Although most studies have focused on the terrestrial component, fossilised freshwater environments provide critical insights into fungal-algal interactions and the earliest continental branchiopod crustaceans. Here we report interactions between an enigmatic organism and an exquisitely preserved fungus. The fungal reproductive structures are intermixed with exceptionally well-preserved globular spiny structures interpreted as branchiopod resting eggs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy enabled us to reconstruct the fungus and its possible mode of nutrition, the affinity of the resting eggs, and their spatial associations. The new fungus (Cultoraquaticus trewini gen. et sp. nov) is attributed to Chytridiomycota based on its size, consistent formation of papillae, and the presence of an internal rhizoidal system. It is the most pristine fossil Chytridiomycota known, especially in terms of rhizoidal development and closely resembles living species in the Rhizophydiales. The spiny resting eggs are attributed to the crustacean Lepidocaris rhyniensis, dating branchiopod adaptation to life in ephemeral pools to the Early Devonian. The new fungal interaction suggests that, as in modern freshwater environments, chytrids were important to the mobilisation of nutrients in early aquatic foodwebs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Goral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joyce E. Longcore
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Denmark
| | - Paul Kenrick
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory D. Edgecombe
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom
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Olive S, Clément G, Daeschler EB, Dupret V. Placoderm Assemblage from the Tetrapod-Bearing Locality of Strud (Belgium, Upper Famennian) Provides Evidence for a Fish Nursery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161540. [PMID: 27552196 PMCID: PMC4994939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The placoderm fauna of the upper Famennian tetrapod-bearing locality of Strud, Belgium, includes the antiarch Grossilepis rikiki, the arthrodire groenlandaspidid Turrisaspis strudensis and the phyllolepidid Phyllolepis undulata. Based on morphological and morphometric evidence, the placoderm specimens from Strud are predominantly recognised as immature specimens and this locality as representing a placoderm nursery. The Strud depositional environment corresponds to a channel in an alluvial plain, and the presence of a nursery in such environment could have provided nutrients and protection to the placoderm offspring. This represents one of the earliest pieces of evidence for this sort of habitat partitioning in vertebrate history, with adults living more distantly from the nursery and using the nursery only to spawn or give live birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Olive
- OD Earth and Life History, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, Department of Geology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gaël Clément
- Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR CR2P 7207, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris6, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Edward B. Daeschler
- Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vincent Dupret
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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