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Wang L, Wilts BD. Reversible Temperature Sensing using Blue-Winged Grasshopper Coloracris azureus Wings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310193. [PMID: 38366281 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Thermochromic materials have been widely investigated due to their relevance in technological applications, including anti-counterfeiting materials, fashion accessories, displays, and temperature sensors. While many organisms exhibit color changes, few studies have explored the potential of the responsive natural materials for temperature sensing, especially given the often limited and irreversible nature of these changes in live specimens. Here, it is shown that the hindwings of the blue-winged grasshopper Coloracris azureus can act as a reversible, power-free bio-thermometer, transitioning from blue to purple/red in a 30-100°C temperature range. Using microspectrophotometry, light microscopy and Raman microscopy, it is found that the blue color of the wings originates from pigmentary coloration, based on a complex of astaxanthin and proteins. The thermochromic shift from blue to red, induced by a temperature increase, is attributed to a denaturation of this carotenoprotein complex, upon which astaxanthin is released. This process is reversible upon a subsequent temperature decrease. The color changes are both swift and consistent upon temperature change, making the grasshopper's wings suitable as direct visual sensors on thermally dynamic, curved surfaces. The potential possibilities of sustainable, power-free temperature sensors or microthermometers based on biomaterials are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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2
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Rao D, Long SM, Tapia-McClung H, Salgado-Espinosa K, Narendra A, Aguilar-Arguello S, Robledo-Ospina L, Rodriguez-Morales D, Jakob EM. Visual signals in the wing display of a tephritid fly deter jumping spider attacks. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:286139. [PMID: 36478243 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual animal communication, whether to the same or to other species, is largely conducted through dynamic and colourful signals. For a signal to be effective, the signaller must capture and retain the attention of the receiver. Signal efficacy is also dependent on the sensory limitations of the receiver. However, most signalling studies consider movement and colour separately, resulting in a partial understanding of the signal in question. We explored the structure and function of predator-prey signalling in the jumping spider-tephritid fly system, where the prey performs a wing waving display that deters an attack from the predator. Using a custom-built spider retinal tracker combined with visual modelling, as well as behavioural assays, we studied the effect of fly wing movement and colour on the jumping spider's visual system. We show that jumping spiders track their prey less effectively during wing display and this can be attributed to a series of fluctuations in chromatic and achromatic contrasts arising from the wing movements. These results suggest that displaying flies deter spider attacks by manipulating the movement biases of the spider's visual system. Our results emphasise the importance of receiver attention on the evolution of interspecific communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rao
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Skye M Long
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Horacio Tapia-McClung
- Instituto de Investigacion en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, 91097 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kevin Salgado-Espinosa
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ajay Narendra
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Luis Robledo-Ospina
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dulce Rodriguez-Morales
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.,Instituo de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth M Jakob
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Changcharoen T, Apiphatnaphakul T, Watjanavarreerat W, Locharoenrat K. Effective detection of ZnO in nicotine using butterfly wing scales. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:87-95. [PMID: 35361014 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2056609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the optical functions of naturally butterfly wing scales via precise control of morphology as an effective photonic sensor and confirm the content of metal oxide nanoparticles in surrounding nicotine. Metal oxide nanoparticles mixed with nicotine were deposited on the wing scales through the spin-coating method and hence investigated using optical microscopy and spectroscopy. Experimental results demonstrated that absorption intensities of ZnO and TiO2 mixed with nicotine on Danaus genutia were remarkably enhanced. Due to the relatively high concentration of zinc found in e-cigarette aerosol, the intensity of ZnO/nicotine modelled as aerosol adsorption on Danaus genutia, further held a certain linear relationship with the concentration of ZnO. The limit of detection of ZnO was as low as 1 nM. The working mechanism of our sensor was explained through the molecular adsorption after H-bond formation of ZnO/nicotine molecules as high-index materials on the wing scales of Danaus genutia without aggregation. This photonic sensor is an alternative to the present-day methods for the rapid test of ZnO content, which is very simple without complicated instrumentation. Furthermore, our method might become a starting point for the advancement of portable instruments for onsite ZnO detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanachai Changcharoen
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidsanu Apiphatnaphakul
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasupon Watjanavarreerat
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
The ability to see colour at night is known only from a handful of animals. First discovered in the elephant hawk moth Deilephila elpenor, nocturnal colour vision is now known from two other species of hawk moths, a single species of carpenter bee, a nocturnal gecko and two species of anurans. The reason for this rarity—particularly in vertebrates—is the immense challenge of achieving a sufficient visual signal-to-noise ratio to support colour discrimination in dim light. Although no less challenging for nocturnal insects, unique optical and neural adaptations permit reliable colour vision and colour constancy even in starlight. Using the well-studied Deilephila elpenor, we describe the visual light environment at night, the visual challenges that this environment imposes and the adaptations that have evolved to overcome them. We also explain the advantages of colour vision for nocturnal insects and its usefulness in discriminating night-opening flowers. Colour vision is probably widespread in nocturnal insects, particularly pollinators, where it is likely crucial for nocturnal pollination. This relatively poorly understood but vital ecosystem service is threatened from increasingly abundant and spectrally abnormal sources of anthropogenic light pollution, which can disrupt colour vision and thus the discrimination and pollination of flowers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Warrant
- Department of Biology, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hema Somanathan
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Li M, Seinsche C, Jansson S, Hernandez J, Rota J, Warrant E, Brydegaard M. Potential for identification of wild night-flying moths by remote infrared microscopy. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220256. [PMID: 35730175 PMCID: PMC9214284 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are hundreds of thousands of moth species with crucial ecological roles that are often obscured by their nocturnal lifestyles. The pigmentation and appearance of moths are dominated by cryptic diffuse shades of brown. In this study, 82 specimens representing 26 moth species were analysed using infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging in the range of 0.95–2.5 µm. Contrary to previous studies, we demonstrate that since infrared light does not resolve the surface roughness, wings appear glossy and specular at longer wavelengths. Such properties provide unique reflectance spectra between species. The reflectance of the majority of our species could be explained by comprehensive models, and a complete parametrization of the spectral, polarimetric and angular optical properties was reduced to just 11 parameters with physical units. These parameters are complementary and, compared with the within-species variation, were significantly distinct between species. Counterintuitively to the aperture-limited resolution criterion, we could deduce microscopic features along the surface from their infrared properties. These features were confirmed by electron microscopy. Finally, we show how our findings could greatly enhance opportunities for remote identification of free-flying moth species, and we hypothesize that such flat specular wing targets could be expected to be sensed over considerable distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Clara Seinsche
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julio Hernandez
- Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, 0667 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jadranka Rota
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Biological Museum, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Warrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14c, 22363 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,FaunaPhotonics, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Norsk Elektro Optikk A/S, Østensjøveien 34, 0667 Oslo, Norway
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Pavlović D, Savić-Šević S, Salatić B, Lazović V, Zhang W, Zhang D, Pantelić D. Synergy of interference, scattering and pigmentation for structural coloration of Jordanita globulariae moth. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6477-6485. [PMID: 34137771 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural and pigment colorations are omnipresent in insects, producing a range of colors for camouflage, warning, mimicry and other strategies necessary for survival. Structural coloration has attracted a lot of attention due to its significance in biophotonics, biomimetics and even esthetic appeal. The coupling of structural and pigment colorations has been largely unnoticed. Herein we show how pigments, scattering and interference work together in two-dimensional waveguiding structures to produce the coloration of Jordanita globulariae (Huebner, 1793), a moth whose forewings sparkle with slightly iridescent green scales. We show that subwavelength structures scatter and couple light into a concave multilayered structure to enhance the absorption of pigments. A finite element method (FEM) model, adequately describing the photonic properties of J. globulariae, was developed based on the nanoscale architecture of the insect's wing scales. The principle of absorption enhanced by scattering and waveguiding is present in many insect species and might be imitated to tailor the spectral properties of optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 18, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Branislav Salatić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 18, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Lazović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 18, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 18, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Vanthournout B, Rousaki A, Parmentier T, Janssens F, Mertens J, Vandenabeele P, D'Alba L, Shawkey M. Springtail coloration at a finer scale: mechanisms behind vibrant collembolan metallic colours. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210188. [PMID: 34229459 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and evolution of metallic structural colours are of both fundamental and applied interest, yet most work in arthropods has focused on derived butterflies and beetles with distinct hues. In particular, basal hexapods-groups with many scaled, metallic representatives-are currently poorly studied and controversial, with some recent studies suggesting either that thin-film (lamina thickness) or diffraction grating (longitudinal ridges, cross-ribs) elements produce these colours in early Lepidoptera and one springtail (Collembola) species. Especially the collembolan basal scale design, consisting of a single lamina and longitudinal ridges with smooth valleys lacking cross-ribs, makes them an interesting group to explore the mechanisms of metallic coloration. Using microspectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy and finite-difference time-domain optical modelling, we investigated scale colour in seven springtail species that show clear metallic coloration. Reflectance spectra are largely uniform and exhibit a broadband metallic/golden coloration with peaks in the violet/blue region. Our simulations confirm the role of the longitudinal ridges, working in conjunction with thin-film effects to produce a broadband metallic coloration. Broadband coloration occurs through spatial colour mixing, which probably results from nanoscale variation in scale thickness and ridge height and distance. These results provide crucial insights into the colour production mechanisms in a basal scale design and highlight the need for further investigation of scaled, basal arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vanthournout
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Anastasia Rousaki
- Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Parmentier
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, Namur University, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.,Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Frans Janssens
- Department of Biology, Antwerp University, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Johan Mertens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Archaeometry Research Group, Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthew Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Lv L, Zhao W, Zhong X, Fu H. Fabrication of Magnetically Inorganic/Organic Superhydrophobic Fabrics and Their Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45296-45305. [PMID: 32931244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem caused by oil spills and organic solvent contamination, novel magnetically inorganic/organic superhydrophobic fabrics are fabricated via a facile method. Cotton fabrics are immersed in a mixture of functionalized Co0.2Mg0.8Fe2O4 (FCMFO) nanoparticles, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (VPDMS), trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone before UV irradiation for 100 s to obtain the multifunctional superhydrophobic fabrics with magnetic property. The coated fabrics show excellent superhydrophobicity, and the water contact angle is 157.1° when the mass ratio of FCMFO nanoparticles to VPDMS is 0.3. These superhydrophobic fabrics have high oil/water separation efficiency (98.7% for dichloromethane/water) and high oil flux (71,506 L·m-2·h-1 for dichloromethane/water). Even after 20 separation cycles, oil/water separation efficiency and oil flux maintain 96.4% and 64,012 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. Furthermore, the magnetic property of these superhydrophobic fabrics could be used in the separation of oil from water. Moreover, the superhydrophobic fabrics possess exceptional self-cleaning performance, mechanical durability, chemical stability, and flame retardancy. These multifunctional superhydrophobic fabrics are potential for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ximing Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, P. R. China
| | - Heqing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Ren A, Day CR, Hanly JJ, Counterman BA, Morehouse NI, Martin A. Convergent Evolution of Broadband Reflectors Underlies Metallic Coloration in Butterflies. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Stavenga DG, Wallace JRA, Warrant EJ. Bogong Moths Are Well Camouflaged by Effectively Decolourized Wing Scales. Front Physiol 2020; 11:95. [PMID: 32116798 PMCID: PMC7026391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moth wings are densely covered by wing scales that are assumed to specifically function to camouflage nocturnally active species during day time. Generally, moth wing scales are built according to the basic lepidopteran Bauplan, where the upper lamina consists of an array of parallel ridges and the lower lamina is a thin plane. The lower lamina hence acts as a thin film reflector having distinct reflectance spectra that can make the owner colorful and thus conspicuous for predators. Most moth species therefore load the scales’ upper lamina with variable amounts of melanin so that dull, brownish color patterns result. We investigated whether scale pigmentation in this manner indeed provides moths with camouflage by comparing the reflectance spectra of the wings and scales of the Australian Bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) with those of objects in their natural environment. The similarity of the spectra underscores the effective camouflaging strategies of this moth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doekele G Stavenga
- Surfaces and Thin Films, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jesse R A Wallace
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eric J Warrant
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Animal Signals: Dirty Dancing in the Dark? Curr Biol 2019; 29:R834-R836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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