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Li X, Wu Y, Jin Y. Exosomal LncRNAs and CircRNAs in lung cancer: Emerging regulators and potential therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1069-1079. [PMID: 39022675 PMCID: PMC11254510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies globally, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates among all cancers. The delayed diagnosis of lung cancer at intermediate to advanced stages frequently leads to suboptimal treatment outcomes. To improve the management of this disease, it is imperative to identify new, highly sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a lipid-bilayer structure and a size range of 30-150 nm, are pivotal in intercellular communication and play significant roles in lung cancer progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are highly prevalent within exosomes and play a crucial role in various pathophysiological processes mediated by these extracellular vesicles. Beyond their established functions in miRNA and protein sequestration, these ncRNAs are involved in regulating translation and interactions within exosomes. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs in influencing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis in lung cancer. Due to their unique functional characteristics, these molecules are promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides a succinct summary of the formation of exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs, clarifies their biological roles, and thoroughly explains the mechanisms by which they participate in the progression of lung cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Center of Molecular Diagnostic, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yunbing Wu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Center of Molecular Diagnostic, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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Murciano-Calles J, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Palencia A, Andújar-Sánchez M, Iglesias-Bexiga M, Corbi-Verge C, Buzón P, Ruiz-Sanz J, Martínez JC, Pérez-Sánchez H, Cámara-Artigas A, Luque I. Phage display identification of high-affinity ligands for human TSG101-UEV: A structural and thermodynamic study of PTAP recognition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133233. [PMID: 38901510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin E2 variant domain of TSG101 (TSG101-UEV) plays a pivotal role in protein sorting and virus budding by recognizing PTAP motifs within ubiquitinated proteins. Disrupting TSG101-UEV/PTAP interactions has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel host-oriented antivirals with a broad spectrum of action. Nonetheless, finding inhibitors with good properties as therapeutic agents remains a challenge since the key determinants of binding affinity and specificity are still poorly understood. Here we present a detailed thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic characterization viral PTAP Late domain recognition by TSG101-UEV, combining isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray diffraction structural studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and computational analysis of intramolecular communication pathways. Our analysis highlights key contributions from conserved hydrophobic contacts and water-mediated hydrogen bonds at the PTAP binding interface. We have identified additional electrostatic hotspots adjacent to the core motif that modulate affinity. Using competitive phage display screening we have improved affinity by 1-2 orders of magnitude, producing novel peptides with low micromolar affinities that combine critical elements found in the best natural binders. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that optimized peptides engage new pockets on the UEV domain surface. This study provides a comprehensive view of the molecular forces directing TSG101-UEV recognition of PTAP motifs, revealing that binding is governed by conserved structural elements yet tuneable through targeted optimization. These insights open new venues to design inhibitors targeting TSG101-dependent pathways with potential application as novel broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Murciano-Calles
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andújar-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Iglesias-Bexiga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Corbi-Verge
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Buzón
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Sanz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose C Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Ana Cámara-Artigas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Irene Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry applied to Biomedicine and Environment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Madhan S, Dhar R, Devi A. Plant-derived exosomes: a green approach for cancer drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2236-2252. [PMID: 38351750 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02752j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the current decade, they have been highlighted for cancer therapeutic development. Cancer is a global health crisis and it requires an effective, affordable, and less side effect-based treatment. Emerging research based on PDEs suggests that they have immense potential to be considered as a therapeutic option. Research evidences indicate that PDEs' internal molecular cargos show impressive cancer prevention activity with less toxicity. PDEs-based drug delivery systems overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery tools. Extraction of PDEs from plant sources employ diverse methodologies, encompassing ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity, size-based isolation, and precipitation, each with distinct advantages and limitations. The core constituents of PDEs comprise of lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. Worldwide, a few clinical trials on plant-derived exosomes are underway, and regulatory affairs for their use as therapeutic agents are still not understood with clarity. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current state of research on plant-derived exosomes as a promising avenue for drug delivery, highlighting anticancer activity, challenges, and future orientation in effective cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Madhan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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De Franceschi N, Barth R, Meindlhumer S, Fragasso A, Dekker C. Dynamin A as a one-component division machinery for synthetic cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:70-76. [PMID: 37798563 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane abscission, the final cut of the last connection between emerging daughter cells, is an indispensable event in the last stage of cell division and in other cellular processes such as endocytosis, virus release or bacterial sporulation. However, its mechanism remains poorly understood, impeding its application as a cell-division machinery for synthetic cells. Here we use fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements to study the in vitro reconstitution of the bacterial protein dynamin A inside liposomes. Upon external reshaping of the liposomes into dumbbells, dynamin A self-assembles at the membrane neck, resulting in membrane hemi-scission and even full scission. Dynamin A proteins constitute a simple one-component division machinery capable of splitting dumbbell-shaped liposomes, marking an important step towards building a synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Franceschi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Barth
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Meindlhumer
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alessio Fragasso
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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