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Yano J, Nave C, Larratt K, Honey P, Roberts M, Jingco C, Fung ML, Trotter D, He X, Elezi G, Whitelegge JP, Wasserman S, Donlea JM. Elevated sleep quota in a stress-resilient Drosophila species. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2487-2501.e3. [PMID: 38772361 PMCID: PMC11163955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is broadly conserved across the animal kingdom but can vary widely between species. It is currently unclear which selective pressures and regulatory mechanisms influence differences in sleep between species. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a successful model system for examining sleep regulation and function, but little is known about the sleep patterns in many related fly species. Here, we find that fly species with adaptations to extreme desert environments, including D. mojavensis, exhibit strong increases in baseline sleep compared with D. melanogaster. Long-sleeping D. mojavensis show intact homeostasis, indicating that desert flies carry an elevated drive for sleep. In addition, D. mojavensis exhibit altered abundance or distribution of several sleep/wake-related neuromodulators and neuropeptides that are consistent with their reduced locomotor activity and increased sleep. Finally, we find that in a nutrient-deprived environment, the sleep patterns of individual D. mojavensis are strongly correlated with their survival time and that disrupting sleep via constant light stimulation renders D. mojavensis more sensitive to starvation. Our results demonstrate that D. mojavensis is a novel model for studying organisms with high sleep drive and for exploring sleep strategies that provide resilience in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yano
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ceazar Nave
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine Larratt
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Phia Honey
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Makayla Roberts
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cassandra Jingco
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Melanie L Fung
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Damion Trotter
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gazmend Elezi
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara Wasserman
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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2
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Norman H, Munson A, Cortese D, Koeck B, Killen SS. The interplay between sleep and ecophysiology, behaviour and responses to environmental change in fish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247138. [PMID: 38860399 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence of behavioural sleep has been observed in every animal species studied to date, but current knowledge of the behaviour, neurophysiology and ecophysiology associated with sleep is concentrated on mammals and birds. Fish are a hugely diverse group that can offer novel insights into a variety of sleep-related behaviours across environments, but the ecophysiological relevance of sleep in fish has been largely overlooked. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the current breadth of knowledge on fish sleep, and surveyed the diverse physiological effects and behaviours associated with sleep. We also discuss possible ways in which unstudied external factors may alter sleep behaviours. For example, predation risk may alter sleep patterns, as has been shown in mammalian, avian and reptilian species. Other environmental factors - such as water temperature and oxygen availability - have the potential to alter sleep patterns in fish differently than for terrestrial endotherms. Understanding the ecological influences on sleep in fish is vital, as sleep deprivation has the potential to affect waking behaviour and fitness owing to cognitive and physiological impairments, possibly affecting ecological phenomena and sensitivity to environmental stressors in ways that have not been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Norman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daphne Cortese
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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Omond SET, Barker RG, Sanislav O, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ, Lesku JA. Oxygen consumption rate of flatworms under the influence of wake- and sleep-promoting neurotransmitters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38801005 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Flatworms are among the best studied animal models for regeneration; however, they also represent an emerging opportunity to investigate other biological processes as well. For instance, flatworms are nocturnal and sleep during the day, a state that is regulated by sleep/wake history and the action of the sleep-promoting neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (or GABA). Sleep is widespread across the animal kingdom, where it serves many nonexclusive functions. Notably, sleep saves energy by reducing metabolic rate and by not doing something more energetically taxing. Whether the conservation of energy is apparent in sleeping flatworms is unclear. We measured the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of flatworms dosed with either (1) GABA (n = 29) which makes flatworms inactive or (2) dopamine (n = 20) which stimulates flatworms to move, or (3) day and night neurotransmitter-free controls (n = 28 and 27, respectively). While OCR did not differ between the day and night, flatworms treated with GABA used less oxygen than those treated with dopamine, and less than the day-time control. Thus, GABA affected flatworm physiology, ostensibly by enforcing energy-conserving sleep. Evidence that dopamine increased metabolism was less strong. This work broadens our understanding of flatworm physiology and expands the phylogenetic applicability of energy conservation as a function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni E T Omond
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert G Barker
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oana Sanislav
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul R Fisher
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah J Annesley
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zaid E, Rainsford FW, Johnsson RD, Valcu M, Vyssotski AL, Meerlo P, Lesku JA. Semelparous marsupials reduce sleep for sex. Curr Biol 2024; 34:606-614.e3. [PMID: 38278151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a prominent, seemingly universal animal behavior. Although sleep maintains optimal waking performance, the biological drive to sleep may be incompatible with the life history of some species. In a multi-year study on semelparous marsupials in Australia, we provide the first direct evidence of ecological sleep restriction in a terrestrial mammal. Dusky (Antechinus swainsonii) and agile (A. agilis) antechinus have an unusual reproductive strategy characterized by the synchronous death of all males at the end of their only breeding season. Using accelerometry, electrophysiology, and metabolomics, we show that males, but not females, increase their activity during the breeding season by reducing sleep. In a trade-off between the neurophysiological requirements for sleep and evolutionary necessity for reproduction, strong sexual selection might drive males to sacrifice sleep to increase access to fertile females and ultimately maximize their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zaid
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Frederick W Rainsford
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Robin D Johnsson
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Mihai Valcu
- Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Sotelo MI, Markunas C, Kudlak T, Kohtz C, Vyssotski AL, Rothschild G, Eban-Rothschild A. Neurophysiological and behavioral synchronization in group-living and sleeping mice. Curr Biol 2024; 34:132-146.e5. [PMID: 38141615 PMCID: PMC10843607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions profoundly influence animal development, physiology, and behavior. Yet, how sleep-a central behavioral and neurophysiological process-is modulated by social interactions is poorly understood. Here, we characterized sleep behavior and neurophysiology in freely moving and co-living mice under different social conditions. We utilized wireless neurophysiological devices to simultaneously record multiple individuals within a group for 24 h, alongside video acquisition. We first demonstrated that mice seek physical contact before sleep initiation and sleep while in close proximity to each other (hereafter, "huddling"). To determine whether huddling during sleep is a motivated behavior, we devised a novel behavioral apparatus allowing mice to choose whether to sleep in close proximity to a conspecific or in solitude, under different environmental conditions. We also applied a deep-learning-based approach to classify huddling behavior. We demonstrate that mice are willing to forgo their preferred sleep location, even under thermoneutral conditions, to gain access to social contact during sleep. This strongly suggests that the motivation for prolonged physical contact-which we term somatolonging-drives huddling behavior. We then characterized sleep architecture under different social conditions and uncovered a social-dependent modulation of sleep. We also revealed coordination in multiple neurophysiological features among co-sleeping individuals, including in the timing of falling asleep and waking up and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) intensity. Notably, the timing of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) was synchronized among co-sleeping male siblings but not co-sleeping female or unfamiliar mice. Our findings provide novel insights into the motivation for physical contact and the extent of social-dependent plasticity in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Sotelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chelsea Markunas
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tyler Kudlak
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chani Kohtz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gideon Rothschild
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Rattenborg NC, Ungurean G. The evolution and diversification of sleep. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:156-170. [PMID: 36411158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary origins of sleep and its sub-states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep, found in mammals and birds, remain a mystery. Although the discovery of a single type of sleep in jellyfish suggests that sleep evolved much earlier than previously thought, it is unclear when and why sleep diversified into multiple types of sleep. Intriguingly, multiple types of sleep have recently been found in animals ranging from non-avian reptiles to arthropods to cephalopods. Although there are similarities between these states and those found in mammals and birds, notable differences also exist. The diversity in the way sleep is expressed confounds attempts to trace the evolution of sleep states, but also serves as a rich resource for exploring the functions of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Rattenborg
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Gianina Ungurean
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany
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Martin C. Waste not, want not. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R589-R590. [PMID: 35728535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
When faced with limited resources, organisms evolve ways to conserve. In this editorial, Martin introduces a special issue devoted to economies in biology and highlights key issues, including some interesting examples of conservation and how fixed resource budgets force tradeoffs in life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Martin
- Cyrus Martin is Current Biology's Senior Scientific Editor.
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