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Tuma TT, Nyamdari B, Hsieh C, Chen YH, Harding SA, Tsai CJ. Perturbation of tonoplast sucrose transport alters carbohydrate utilization for seasonal growth and defense metabolism in coppiced poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae061. [PMID: 38857382 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrate reserves of stems and roots underpin overall tree fitness and productivity under short-rotation management practices such as coppicing for bioenergy. While sucrose and starch comprise the predominant stem carbohydrate reserves of Populus, utilization for fitness and agricultural productivity is understood primarily in terms of starch turnover. The tonoplast sucrose transport protein SUT4 modulates sucrose export from source leaves to distant sinks during photoautotrophic growth, but the possibility of its involvement in remobilizing carbohydrates from storage organs during heterotrophic growth has not been explored. Here, we used PtaSUT4-knockout mutants of Populus tremula × P. alba (INRA 717-1B4) in winter (cool) and summer (warm) glasshouse coppicing experiments to assess SUT4 involvement in reserve utilization. Conditions preceding and supporting summer sprouting were considered favorable for growth, while those preceding and supporting cool temperature sprouting were suboptimal akin to conditions associated with coppicing as generally practiced. Epicormic bud emergence was delayed in sut4 mutants following lower temperature 'winter' but not summer coppicing. Winter xylem hexose increases were observed in control but not in sut4 stumps after coppicing. The magnitude of starch and sucrose reserve depletion was similar in control and sut4 stumps during the winter and did not explain the sprouting and xylem hexose differences. However, winter maintenance costs appeared higher in sut4 based partly on Krebs cycle intermediate levels. In control plants, bark accrual of abundant defense metabolites, including salicinoids and condensed tannins, was higher in summer than in winter, but this increase of summer defense allocations was attenuated in sut4 mutants. Temperature-sensitive trade-offs between growth and other priorities may therefore depend on SUT4 in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Tuma
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Batbayar Nyamdari
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, 120 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yen-Ho Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott A Harding
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, 120 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, 120 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, 120 E. Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Zhang P, Ding J, Wang Q, McDowell NG, Kong D, Tong Y, Yin H. Contrasting coordination of non-structural carbohydrates with leaf and root economic strategies of alpine coniferous forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:580-590. [PMID: 38488228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), as the labile fraction and dominant carbon currency, are essential mediators of plant adaptation to environments. However, whether and how NSC coordinates with plant economic strategy frameworks, particularly the well-recognized leaf economics spectrums (LES) and root economics space (RES), remains unclear. We examined the relationships between NSC and key plant economics traits in leaves and fine roots across 90 alpine coniferous populations on the Tibetan Plateau, China. We observed contrasting coordination of NSC with economics traits in leaves and roots. Leaf total NSC and soluble sugar aligned with the leaf economic spectrum, conveying a trade-off between growth and storage in leaves. However, NSC in roots was independent of the root economic spectrum, but highly coordinated with root foraging, with more starch and less sugar in forage-efficient, thinner roots. Further, NSC-trait coordination in leaves and roots was, respectively, driven by local temperature and precipitation. These findings highlight distinct roles of NSC in shaping the above- and belowground multidimensional economics trait space, and NSC-based carbon economics provides a mechanistic understanding of how plants adapt to heterogeneous habitats and respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junxiang Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qitong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Barbut FR, Cavel E, Donev EN, Gaboreanu I, Urbancsok J, Pandey G, Demailly H, Jiao D, Yassin Z, Derba-Maceluch M, Master ER, Scheepers G, Gutierrez L, Mellerowicz EJ. Integrity of xylan backbone affects plant responses to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1422701. [PMID: 38984158 PMCID: PMC11231379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1422701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major factor affecting crops, thus efforts are needed to increase plant resilience to this abiotic stress. The overlapping signaling pathways between drought and cell wall integrity maintenance responses create a possibility of increasing drought resistance by modifying cell walls. Here, using herbaceous and woody plant model species, Arabidopsis and hybrid aspen, respectively, we investigated how the integrity of xylan in secondary walls affects the responses of plants to drought stress. Plants, in which secondary wall xylan integrity was reduced by expressing fungal GH10 and GH11 xylanases or by affecting genes involved in xylan backbone biosynthesis, were subjected to controlled drought while their physiological responses were continuously monitored by RGB, fluorescence, and/or hyperspectral cameras. For Arabidopsis, this was supplemented with survival test after complete water withdrawal and analyses of stomatal function and stem conductivity. All Arabidopsis xylan-impaired lines showed better survival upon complete watering withdrawal, increased stomatal density and delayed growth inhibition by moderate drought, indicating increased resilience to moderate drought associated with modified xylan integrity. Subtle differences were recorded between xylan biosynthesis mutants (irx9, irx10 and irx14) and xylanase-expressing lines. irx14 was the most drought resistant genotype, and the only genotype with increased lignin content and unaltered xylem conductivity despite its irx phenotype. Rosette growth was more affected by drought in GH11- than in GH10-expressing plants. In aspen, mild downregulation of GT43B and C genes did not affect drought responses and the transgenic plants grew better than the wild-type in drought and well-watered conditions. Both GH10 and GH11 xylanases strongly inhibited stem elongation and root growth in well-watered conditions but growth was less inhibited by drought in GH11-expressing plants than in wild-type. Overall, plants with xylan integrity impairment in secondary walls were less affected than wild-type by moderately reduced water availability but their responses also varied among genotypes and species. Thus, modifying the secondary cell wall integrity can be considered as a potential strategy for developing crops better suited to withstand water scarcity, but more research is needed to address the underlying molecular causes of this variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix R Barbut
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emilie Cavel
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Evgeniy N Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioana Gaboreanu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - János Urbancsok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Garima Pandey
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Dianyi Jiao
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment Division, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment Division, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
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Xu X, Wei H, Yao K, Wu H, Huang T, Han M, Su T, Cao F. Integrative omics studies revealed synergistic link between sucrose metabolic isogenes and carbohydrates in poplar roots infected by Fusarium wilt. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:29. [PMID: 38502380 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate metabolism prompted its essential role in defense priming and sweet immunity during plant-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, upstream responding enzymes in the sucrose metabolic pathway and associated carbohydrate derivatives underlying fungal pathogen challenges remain to be deciphered in Populus, a model tree species. In silico deduction of genomic features, including phylogenies, exon/intron distributions, cis-regulatory elements, and chromosomal localization, identified 59 enzyme genes (11 families) in the Populus genome. Spatiotemporal expression of the transcriptome and the quantitative real-time PCR revealed a minuscule number of isogenes that were predominantly expressed in roots. Upon the pathogenic Fusarium solani (Fs) exposure, dynamic changes in the transcriptomics atlas and experimental evaluation verified Susy (PtSusy2 and 3), CWI (PtCWI3), VI (PtVI2), HK (PtHK6), FK (PtFK6), and UGPase (PtUGP2) families, displaying promotions in their expressions at 48 and 72 h of post-inoculation (hpi). Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based non-targeted metabolomics combined with a high-performance ion chromatography system (HPICS), approximately 307 metabolites (13 categories) were annotated that led to the quantification of 46 carbohydrates, showing marked changes between three compared groups. By contrast, some sugars (e.g., sorbitol, L-arabitol, trehalose, and galacturonic acid) exhibited a higher accumulation at 72 hpi than 0 hpi, while levels of α-lactose and glucose decreased, facilitating them as potential signaling molecules. The systematic overview of multi-omics approaches to dissect the effects of Fs infection provides theoretical cues for understanding defense immunity depending on fine-tuned Suc metabolic gene clusters and synergistically linked carbohydrate pools in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haikun Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kejun Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Foresty, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolic regulation of quiescence in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1132-1148. [PMID: 36994639 PMCID: PMC10952390 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence is a crucial survival attribute in which cell division is repressed in a reversible manner. Although quiescence has long been viewed as an inactive state, recent studies have shown that it is an actively monitored process that is influenced by environmental stimuli. Here, we provide a perspective of the quiescent state and discuss how this process is tuned by energy, nutrient and oxygen status, and the pathways that sense and transmit these signals. We not only highlight the governance of canonical regulators and signalling mechanisms that respond to changes in nutrient and energy status, but also consider the central significance of mitochondrial functions and cues as key regulators of nuclear gene expression. Furthermore, we discuss how reactive oxygen species and the associated redox processes, which are intrinsically linked to energy carbohydrate metabolism, also play a key role in the orchestration of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and the School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern Australia6009Australia
- The Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern Australia6000Australia
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
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Li M, Song Z, Li Z, Qiao R, Zhang P, Ding C, Xie J, Chen Y, Guo H. Populus root exudates are associated with rhizosphere microbial communities and symbiotic patterns. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042944. [PMID: 36619999 PMCID: PMC9812961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial communities in the plant rhizosphere are critical for nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. However, how root exudates and soil physicochemical characteristics affect microbial community composition in Populus rhizosphere is not well understood. Methods This study measured soil physiochemistry properties and root exudates in a representative forest consists of four Populus species. The composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities was determined by metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Results Luvangetin, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, oleuropein, strigol, chrysin, and linoleic acid were the differential root exudates extracted in the rhizosphere of four Populus species, which explained 48.40, 82.80, 48.73, and 59.64% of the variance for the dominant and key bacterial or fungal communities, respectively. Data showed that differential root exudates were the main drivers of the changes in the rhizosphere microbial communities. Nitrosospira, Microvirga, Trichoderma, Cortinarius, and Beauveria were the keystone taxa in the rhizosphere microbial communities, and are thus important for maintaining a stable Populus microbial rhizosphere. The differential root exudates had strong impact on key bacteria than dominant bacteria, key fungi, and dominant fungi. Moreover, strigol had positively effects with bacteria, whereas phenolic compounds and chrysin were negatively correlated with rhizosphere microorganisms. The assembly process of the community structure (keystone taxa and bacterial dominant taxa) was mostly determined by stochastic processes. Discussion This study showed the association of rhizosphere microorganisms (dominant and keystone taxa) with differential root exudates in the rhizosphere of Populus plants, and revealed the assembly process of the dominant and keystone taxa. It provides a theoretical basis for the identification and utilization of beneficial microorganisms in Populus rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongye Qiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingdong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hui Guo,
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Zeeman SC, Solhaug EM. Plant growth: An active or passive role for starch reserves? Curr Biol 2022; 32:R894-R896. [PMID: 35998602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Starch metabolism is linked to plant growth, yet blocking its biosynthesis has species-specific consequences. In a new study, plastidial phosphoglucomutase is knocked out in aspen trees using CRISPR-Cas9, limiting starch production and altering photosynthesis, but growth, bud break and wood production proceed unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik M Solhaug
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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