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Russo A, Alessandrini M, El Baidouri M, Frei D, Galise TR, Gaidusch L, Oertel HF, Garcia Morales SE, Potente G, Tian Q, Smetanin D, Bertrand JAM, Onstein RE, Panaud O, Frey JE, Cozzolino S, Wicker T, Xu S, Grossniklaus U, Schlüter PM. Genome of the early spider-orchid Ophrys sphegodes provides insights into sexual deception and pollinator adaptation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6308. [PMID: 39060266 PMCID: PMC11282089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollinator-driven evolution of floral traits is thought to be a major driver of angiosperm speciation and diversification. Ophrys orchids mimic female insects to lure male pollinators into pseudocopulation. This strategy, called sexual deception, is species-specific, thereby providing strong premating reproductive isolation. Identifying the genomic architecture underlying pollinator adaptation and speciation may shed light on the mechanisms of angiosperm diversification. Here, we report the 5.2 Gb chromosome-scale genome sequence of Ophrys sphegodes. We find evidence for transposable element expansion that preceded the radiation of the O. sphegodes group, and for gene duplication having contributed to the evolution of chemical mimicry. We report a highly differentiated genomic candidate region for pollinator-mediated evolution on chromosome 2. The Ophrys genome will prove useful for investigations into the repeated evolution of sexual deception, pollinator adaptation and the genomic architectures that facilitate evolutionary radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Russo
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mattia Alessandrini
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Moaine El Baidouri
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- EMR269 MANGO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Perpignan, France
| | - Daniel Frei
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Lara Gaidusch
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannah F Oertel
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara E Garcia Morales
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Giacomo Potente
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qin Tian
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dmitry Smetanin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joris A M Bertrand
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- EMR269 MANGO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Perpignan, France
| | - Renske E Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena - Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olivier Panaud
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Perpignan, France
- EMR269 MANGO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Perpignan, France
| | - Jürg E Frey
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp M Schlüter
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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LaFountain AM, Lin Q, McMahon HE, Min Y, Ding B, Gurung V, Seemann JR, Yuan YW. A distinct foliar pigmentation pattern formed by activator-repressor gradients upstream of an anthocyanin-activating R2R3-MYB. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114444. [PMID: 38990723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel traits is often preceded by a potentiation phase, when all the genetic components necessary for producing the trait are assembled. However, elucidating these potentiating factors is challenging. We have previously shown that an anthocyanin-activating R2R3-MYB, STRIPY, triggers the emergence of a distinct foliar pigmentation pattern in the monkeyflower Mimulus verbenaceus. Here, using forward and reverse genetics approaches, we identify three potentiating factors that pattern STRIPY expression: MvHY5, a master regulator of light signaling that activates STRIPY and is expressed throughout the leaf, and two leaf developmental regulators, MvALOG1 and MvTCP5, that are expressed in opposing gradients along the leaf proximodistal axis and negatively regulate STRIPY. These results provide strong empirical evidence that phenotypic novelties can be potentiated through incorporation into preexisting genetic regulatory networks and highlight the importance of positional information in patterning the novel foliar stripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Hayley E McMahon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Ya Min
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Baoqing Ding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Vandana Gurung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Seemann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 67 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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3
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Fattorini R, Khojayori FN, Mellers G, Moyroud E, Herrero E, Kellenberger RT, Walker R, Wang Q, Hill L, Glover BJ. Complex petal spot formation in the Beetle Daisy (Gorteria diffusa) relies on spot-specific accumulation of malonylated anthocyanin regulated by paralogous GdMYBSG6 transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:240-257. [PMID: 38725421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Gorteria diffusa has elaborate petal spots that attract pollinators through sexual deception, but how G. diffusa controls spot development is largely unknown. Here, we investigate how pigmentation is regulated during spot formation. We determined the anthocyanin composition of G. diffusa petals and combined gene expression analysis with protein interaction assays to characterise R2R3-MYBs that likely regulate pigment production in G. diffusa petal spots. We found that cyanidin 3-glucoside pigments G. diffusa ray floret petals. Unlike other petal regions, spots contain a high proportion of malonylated anthocyanin. We identified three subgroup 6 R2R3-MYB transcription factors (GdMYBSG6-1,2,3) that likely activate the production of spot pigmentation. These genes are upregulated in developing spots and induce ectopic anthocyanin production upon heterologous expression in tobacco. Interaction assays suggest that these transcription factors regulate genes encoding three anthocyanin synthesis enzymes. We demonstrate that the elaboration of complex spots in G. diffusa begins with the accumulation of malonylated pigments at the base of ray floret petals, positively regulated by three paralogous R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Our results indicate that the functional diversification of these GdMYBSG6s involved changes in the spatial control of their transcription, and modification of the duration of GdMYBSG6 gene expression contributes towards floral variation within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Fattorini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Farahnoz N Khojayori
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gregory Mellers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Bateman St., Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Eva Herrero
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Roman T Kellenberger
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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d' Isa R, Parsons MH, Chrzanowski M, Bebas P, Stryjek R. Catch me if you can: free-living mice show a highly flexible dodging behaviour suggestive of intentional tactical deception. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231692. [PMID: 39253095 PMCID: PMC11382684 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Intentional tactical deception, the employment of a tactic to intentionally deceive another animal, is a complex behaviour based on higher-order cognition, that has rarely been documented outside of primates and corvids. New laboratory-to-field assays, however, provide the opportunity to investigate such behaviour among free-living mice. In the present study, we placed laboratory-style test chambers with a single entrance near a forest outside Warsaw, where we observed the social interactions of two territorial murids, black-striped and yellow-necked mice, under food competition for seven months. Notably, among the social interactions, we video-recorded 21 instances of deceptive pursuer evasion. In the most obvious cases, an individual inside the chamber, to avoid an incoming mouse, hid by the chamber opening (the only means to enter or exit), paused until the pursuer entered and passed by, and then exploited the distraction of the back-turned pursuer by fleeing through the opening in a direction opposite to the one the pursuer came from. This deceptive dodging is the first evidence of a behaviour suggestive of intentional tactical deception among mice. As such, this deceptive behaviour may be of interest not only for rodent psychology but also, more generally, for the fields of non-human intentionality and theory of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele d' Isa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience (DNS), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcin Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Teaching Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bebas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Stryjek
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Wong DCJ, Wang Z, Perkins J, Jin X, Marsh GE, John EG, Peakall R. The road less taken: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase inactivation and delphinidin anthocyanin loss underpins a natural intraspecific flower colour variation. Mol Ecol 2024:e17334. [PMID: 38651763 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Visual cues are of critical importance for the attraction of animal pollinators, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning intraspecific floral colour variation. Here, we combined comparative spectral analysis, targeted metabolite profiling, multi-tissue transcriptomics, differential gene expression, sequence analysis and functional analysis to investigate a bee-pollinated orchid species, Glossodia major with common purple- and infrequent white-flowered morphs. We found uncommon and previously unreported delphinidin-based anthocyanins responsible for the conspicuous and pollinator-perceivable colour of the purple morph and three genetic changes underpinning the loss of colour in the white morph - (1) a loss-of-function (LOF; frameshift) mutation affecting dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR1) coding sequence due to a unique 4-bp insertion, (2) specific downregulation of functional DFR1 expression and (3) the unexpected discovery of chimeric Gypsy transposable element (TE)-gene (DFR) transcripts with potential consequences to the genomic stability and post-transcriptional or epigenetic regulation of DFR. This is one of few known cases where regulatory changes and LOF mutation in an anthocyanin structural gene, rather than transcription factors, are important. Furthermore, if TEs prove to be a frequent source of mutation, the interplay between environmental stress-induced TE evolution and pollinator-mediated selection for adaptive colour variation may be an overlooked mechanism maintaining floral colour polymorphism in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - James Perkins
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Grace Emma Marsh
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Emma Grace John
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Zhang T, Elomaa P. Development and evolution of the Asteraceae capitulum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:33-48. [PMID: 38361269 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Asteraceae represent one of the largest and most diverse families of plants. The evolutionary success of this family has largely been contributed to their unique inflorescences, capitula that mimic solitary flowers but are typically aggregates of multiple florets. Here, we summarize the recent molecular and genetic level studies that have promoted our understanding of the development and evolution of capitula. We focus on new results on patterning of the enlarged meristem resulting in the iconic phyllotactic arrangement of florets in Fibonacci numbers of spirals. We also summarize the current understanding of the genetic networks regulating the characteristic reproductive traits in the family such as floral dimorphism and differentiation of highly specialized floral organs. So far, developmental studies in Asteraceae are still limited to a very narrow selection of model species. Along with the recent advancements in genomics and phylogenomics, Asteraceae and its relatives provide an outstanding model clade for extended evo-devo studies to exploit the morphological diversity and the underlying molecular networks and to translate this knowledge to the breeding of the key crops in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Elomaa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Herrera-Ubaldo H. Defining petal cell identity layer-by-layer. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:215-216. [PMID: 37943669 PMCID: PMC10827306 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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Lev-Yadun S. Visual-, Olfactory-, and Nectar-Taste-Based Flower Aposematism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:391. [PMID: 38337924 PMCID: PMC10857241 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Florivory, i.e., flower herbivory, of various types is common and can strongly reduce plant fitness. Flowers suffer two very different types of herbivory: (1) the classic herbivory of consuming tissues and (2) nectar theft. Unlike the non-reversibility of consumed tissues, nectar theft, while potentially reducing a plant's fitness by lowering its attraction to pollinators, can, in various cases, be fixed quickly by the production of additional nectar. Therefore, various mechanisms to avoid or reduce florivory have evolved. Here, I focus on one of the flowers' defensive mechanisms, aposematism, i.e., warning signaling to avoid or at least reduce herbivory via the repelling of herbivores. While plant aposematism of various types was almost ignored until the year 2000, it is a common anti-herbivory defense mechanism in many plant taxa, operating visually, olfactorily, and, in the case of nectar, via a bitter taste. Flower aposematism has received only very little focused attention as such, and many of the relevant publications that actually demonstrated herbivore repellence and avoidance learning following flower signaling did not refer to repellence as aposematism. Here, I review what is known concerning visual-, olfactory-, and nectar-taste-based flower aposematism, including some relevant cases of mimicry, and suggest some lines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simcha Lev-Yadun
- Department of Biology & Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
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LaFountain AM, Yuan YW. Evolution: The art of deceptive pollination. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R301-R303. [PMID: 37098331 PMCID: PMC10601782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Beetle daisies evolved floral spots that mimic female bee flies to entice mate-seeking males for pollination. A new study shows that these deceptive spots emerged through stepwise co-option of multiple genetic elements, shedding light on the origin of complex phenotypic novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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