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Karadurmus L, Kurbanoglu S, Uslu B, Ozkan SA. An Efficient, Simultaneous Electrochemical Assay of Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe from Human Urine and Serum Samples. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5060090. [PMID: 36412812 PMCID: PMC9680256 DOI: 10.3390/mps5060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug combination of rosuvastatin (ROS) and ezetimibe (EZE) is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In this work, a simultaneous electrochemical examination of ROS and EZE was conducted for the first time. The electrochemical determination of ROS and EZE was carried out using adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M H2SO4. The effects of the pH, scan rate, deposition potential, and time on the detection of ROS and EZE were analyzed. Under optimum conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a linear response between 1.0 × 10-6 M and 2.5 × 10-5 M for EZE and 5.0 × 10-6 M, and 1.25 × 10-5 M for ROS. The detection limits for ROS and EZE were 3.0 × 10-7 M and 2.0 × 10-6 M, respectively. The developed sensor was validated in terms of linear range, accuracy, precision, the limit of determination (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ), and it was evaluated according to ICH Guidelines and USP criteria. The proposed method was also used to determine ROS and EZE in human urine and serum samples, which are reported in terms of recovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Karadurmus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Malik S, Cohen PR. Rosuvastatin-Induced Dizziness and Pruritus: A Case Report and Summary of Statin-Associated Dizziness and Pruritus. Cureus 2022; 14:e29014. [PMID: 36237799 PMCID: PMC9550838 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-associated adverse events can present with varying symptoms, such as dizziness and pruritus. A 48-year-old woman initiated rosuvastatin to treat her elevated triglycerides. She developed rosuvastatin-associated adverse events, which included dizziness and pruritus within two weeks after starting treatment. After stopping the medication, the dizziness immediately cleared; the pruritus diminished during the next two weeks and eventually resolved completely. Side effects associated with rosuvastatin are discussed. The possibility of a medication-related etiology should be entertained when an individual suddenly develops either dizziness or pruritus or both.
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Courlet P, Livio F, Alves Saldanha S, Scherrer A, Battegay M, Cavassini M, Stoeckle M, Decosterd LA, Marzolini C. Real-life management of drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and statins. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1972-1980. [PMID: 32240298 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIs cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with most statins due to inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1, which may alter the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of statins. OBJECTIVES To assess the management of DDIs between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and statins in people living with HIV (PLWH) considering statin plasma concentrations, compliance with dosing recommendations and achievement of lipid targets. METHODS PLWH of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were eligible if they received a statin concomitantly with ARVs. HDL, total cholesterol (TC) and statin plasma concentration were measured during follow-up visits. Individual non-HDL and TC target values were set using the Framingham score and the 2018 European AIDS Clinical Society recommendations. RESULTS Data were analysed for rosuvastatin (n = 99), atorvastatin (n = 92), pravastatin (n = 46) and pitavastatin (n = 21). Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin underdosing frequently led to suboptimal PD response. Insufficient lipid control was observed with PIs despite high atorvastatin concentrations, likely explained by inhibition of OATP1B1 resulting in less statin uptake in the liver. Target lipid values were more often achieved with unboosted integrase inhibitors due to both their favourable DDI profiles and neutral effect on lipids. Insufficient lipid control was common with pravastatin and pitavastatin regardless of co-administered ARVs and despite using maximal recommended statin doses. The latter suggests lower efficacy compared with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal management of DDIs with statin underdosing was observed in 29% of prescriptions. Integrase inhibitor-based regimens and/or treatment with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin should be favoured in patients with refractory dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Courlet
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Livio
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susana Alves Saldanha
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Scherrer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stoeckle
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Arthur Decosterd
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catia Marzolini
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Ahmed TA. Development of rosuvastatin flexible lipid-based nanoparticles: promising nanocarriers for improving intestinal cells cytotoxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:14. [PMID: 32085802 PMCID: PMC7035742 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rosuvastatin (RSV) is a poorly water-soluble drug that has an absolute oral bioavailability of only 20%. The aim of this work was to prepare a positively charged chitosan coated flexible lipid-based vesicles (chitosomes) and compare their characteristics to the corresponding negatively charged flexible liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) in order to develop new RSV nanocarrier systems. Methods Three formulation factors affecting the development of chitosomes nano-formulation were optimized for their effects on the particles size, entrapment efficiency (EE) and zeta potential. The optimized flexible chitosomes and their corresponding liposomal NPs were characterized for morphology, in vitro release, flexibility and intestinal cell viability. The half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for both formulations were calculated. Results The drug to lipid molar ratio, edge activator percent and the chitosan concentration were significantly affecting the characteristics of NPs. The optimized chitosomes nano-formulation exhibited larger size, higher EE and greater zeta potential value when compared to the corresponding liposomal NPs. Both formulations showed a spherical shape nanostructure with a marked outer shell for the chitosomes nano-formulation. Chitosomes illustrated an extended drug release profile when compared with the corresponding liposomal NPs and the prepared drug suspension. Flexibility of both vesicles was confirmed with superiority of liposomal NPs over chitosomes. RSV loaded chitosomes nano-formulation exhibited lower IC50 values and higher therapeutic window while liposomal NPs were compatible with the intestinal cells. Conclusions RSV loaded chitosomes nano-formulation could be considered as a promising nanocarrier system with a marked cytotoxic activity while, RSV loaded liposomal NPs are suitable nanocarrier to improve RSV activity in treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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