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Guedes JRB, Vendruscolo CP, Tokawa PKA, Carvalho AM, Johnson PJ, Faleiros RR. The Detection of Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries in Horses with Chronic Laminitis Using a Novel Clinical-Assessment Protocol and Ultrasonographic Examination. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1364. [PMID: 38731368 PMCID: PMC11083038 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Postural adaptation is a prominent feature in horses affected by laminitis. Laminitis induces intense pain, especially in the forelimbs, prompting affected horses to assume a caudally displaced trunk posture, resulting in the hyperflexion of the thoracolumbar spine. This study assessed the nature and prevalence of thoracolumbar injuries in horses with chronic laminitis compared to horses without it. Sixty horses were used (thirty laminitic and thirty non-laminitic) of different athletic purposes and ages (2-20 years). The experimental protocol entailed a single assessment of horses' thoracolumbar spines, utilizing physical examination by MACCTORE, a scoring system developed specifically for this study. Additional evaluations included the Grimace Equine Pain Scale (HGS) and ultrasound exams. Statistical tests were used to compare values (Mann-Whitney or t-test) and lesions prevalences (Fisher) between groups (p < 0.05). The results showed a higher pain manifestation (HGS and heart rate, p < 0.0001) and thoracolumbar-spine-injury levels in chronic laminitis horses, both in MACCTORE clinical examinations (11.7 ± 4.8 vs. 4.2 ± 3.3, p < 0.0001) and general ultrasonographic indices (39.6 ± 12.0 vs. 20.7 ± 7.1, p < 0.0001), including specific examination approaches for various spinal elements. Horses with laminitis presented with a 14-fold higher prevalence of ultrasound-relevant lesions in the thoracolumbar spine (CI: 4.4 to 50.6, p < 0.0001) compared to controls. These findings constitute new evidence of an association between chronic laminitis and the presence of thoracolumbar spine injuries in horses, which may be confirmed by more sophisticated study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R. B. Guedes
- The EQUINOVA Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Cynthia P. Vendruscolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (P.K.A.T.)
| | - Paula K. A. Tokawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (P.K.A.T.)
| | - Armando M. Carvalho
- The EQUINOVA Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- Equine Internal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Rafael R. Faleiros
- The EQUINOVA Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (R.R.F.)
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Kemp KL, Skinner JE, Bertin F. Effect of phenylbutazone on insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1177-1184. [PMID: 38363029 PMCID: PMC10937495 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylbutazone is often prescribed to manage pain caused by hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis, but in diabetic people nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase insulin secretion and pancreatic activity. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Investigate the effect of phenylbutazone administration on insulin secretion in horses. It was hypothesized that phenylbutazone will increase insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID). ANIMALS Sixteen light breed horses, including 7 with ID. METHODS Randomized cross-over study design. Horses underwent an oral glucose test (OGT) after 9 days of treatment with phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg IV q24h) or placebo (5 mL 0.9% saline). After a 10-day washout period, horses received the alternative treatment, and a second OGT was performed. Insulin and glucose responses were compared between groups (ID or controls) and treatments using paired t test and analyses of variance with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS In horses with ID, phenylbutazone treatment significantly decreased glucose concentration (P = .02), glucose area under the curve (2429 ± 501.5 vs 2847 ± 486.1 mmol/L × min, P = .02), insulin concentration (P = .03) and insulin area under the curve (17 710 ± 6676 vs 22 930 ± 8788 μIU/mL × min, P = .03) in response to an OGT. No significant effect was detected in control horses. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Phenylbutazone administration in horses with ID decreases glucose and insulin concentrations in response to an OGT warranting further investigation of a therapeutic potential of phenylbutazone in the management of hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis beyond analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Kemp
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGatton, QueenslandAustralia
| | - Jazmine E. Skinner
- School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandDarling Heights, QueenslandAustralia
| | - François‐René Bertin
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGatton, QueenslandAustralia
- College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest‐LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010234. [PMID: 33477808 PMCID: PMC7832834 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lameness due to musculoskeletal disease is the most common diagnosis in equine veterinary practice. Many of these orthopaedic disorders are chronic problems, for which no clinically satisfactory treatment exists. Thus, high hopes are pinned on regenerative medicine, which aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. Some regenerative medicine therapies have already made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising but diverse results. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments and critically discusses their use. Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. It includes tissue engineering but also cell-based and cell-free stimulation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Some regenerative medicine therapies have made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising results. However, the qualitative and quantitative spatiotemporal requirements for specific bioactive factors to trigger tissue regeneration in the injury response are still unknown, and consequently, therapeutic approaches and treatment results are diverse. To exploit the full potential of this burgeoning field of medicine, further research will be required and is ongoing. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments in equine patients and critically discusses their use.
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Al Naem M, Litzke LF, Geburek F, Failing K, Hoffmann J, Röcken M. Effect of heel elevation on breakover phase in horses with laminitis. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:370. [PMID: 33004040 PMCID: PMC7528610 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a laminitic horse, the maximal loading of the toe region occurs during the breakover phase. To date, no kinetic data demonstrates the effect of supportive orthopaedic therapy in horses with laminitis on breakover phase. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of heel elevation on the breakover phase. Eight horses with acute laminitis treated medically as well as with application of a hoof cast with heel wedge (HCHW) were included in this study. Immediately following cessation of clinical signs of acute laminitis, two measurements using the Hoof™ System were taken: the first with HCHW and the second immediately following removal of the HCHW, i.e. in barefoot condition (BFC). The hoof print was divided into three regions: toe, middle hoof, and heel. Kinetic parameters included vertical force (VF), stance duration, contact area (CA) for all hoof regions during stance phase, duration of breakover, VF in the toe region at onset of breakover and location of centre of force. Results The VF and CA were higher in the heel region (63 and 61%, respectively) and decreased significantly after removal of the HCHW (43 and 28% after removal, respectively). The breakover phase in horses with HCHW lasted 2% of stance phase and was significantly shorter than that in BFC, which lasted 6% of stance phase. The VF at onset of breakover for the toe region in horses with HCHW was significantly lower than that in BFC. The centre of the force was located at the heel region in all horses with the HCHW, and at the middle the hoof region in BFC. Conclusions Heel elevation in horses with laminitis as examined on a concrete surface significantly shortens breakover phase and decreases the vertical force in the toe region during breakover. HCHW provides adequate support to the palmar hoof structures by increasing the contact area in the heel region and incorporating the palmar part of frog and sole into weight bearing, thus decreasing the stress on the lamellae. Hoof cast with heel elevation could be a beneficial orthopaedic supportive therapy for horses suffering from acute laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Al Naem
- Clinic for Horses (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Frankfurter str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Lutz-Ferdinand Litzke
- Clinic for Horses (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Frankfurter str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Geburek
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johanna Hoffmann
- Clinic for Horses (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Frankfurter str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Röcken
- Clinic for Horses (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Frankfurter str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Paula L, Lera K, Schuh B, Silva F, Nascimento EMD, Pagliosa G. Laminite endocrinopática em equinos com síndrome metabólica: características clínicas, tratamento e evolução em três pacientes ˗ relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Laminite endocrinopática designa os casos de laminite cuja etiologia está associada a uma endocrinopatia. Cavalos com síndrome metabólica equina (SME) apresentam adiposidade regional e obesidade. Existe uma correlação positiva entre obesidade e resistência à insulina. Este relato descreve três casos de laminite endocrinopática em cavalos com SME. Os pacientes apresentaram escore de condição corporal (ECC) variando de 8 a 9 (escala de 1 a 9), sensibilidade ao teste de pinçamento do casco e claudicação de grau 3 ou 4 (escala de 1 a 4). Não havia histórico de cólica recente, trauma ou excesso de exercício. O tratamento incluiu medicação anti-inflamatória não esteroidal, repouso na baia, restrição energética para perda de peso, revestimento e bandagem dos membros, conforme a necessidade de cada paciente. A restrição alimentar ajudou no tratamento da SME e reduziu o ECC. Tratamento medicamentoso, casqueamento e bandagem diminuíram o grau de claudicação. Conclui-se que o tratamento anti-inflamatório não esteroidal, a restrição energética, o repouso em baia, o casqueamento e a bandagem do casco são eficazes no tratamento da laminite endocrinopática em cavalos com síndrome metabólica equina.
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Meier A, de Laat M, Pollitt C, Walsh D, McGree J, Reiche DB, von Salis-Soglio M, Wells-Smith L, Mengeler U, Mesa Salas D, Droegemueller S, Sillence MN. A "modified Obel" method for the severity scoring of (endocrinopathic) equine laminitis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7084. [PMID: 31211020 PMCID: PMC6557244 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminitis is a common equine disease characterized by foot pain, and is commonly diagnosed using a five-grade Obel system developed in 1948 using sepsis-related cases. However, endocrinopathic laminitis is now the most common form of the disease and clinical signs may be mild, or spread across two Obel grades. This paper describes a modified method which assigns scores to discreet clinical signs, providing a wider scale suitable for use in a research setting. METHODS The "modified Obel" method was developed using an iterative process. First, a prototype method was developed during the detailed observation of 37 ponies undergoing a laminitis induction experiment. The final method was refined and validated using video footage taken during the induction study and from a clinical trial of naturally occurring endocrinopathic laminitis cases. The Obel method was deconstructed and key laminitis signs were evaluated to develop a three-stage, five criteria method that employs a severity scale of 0-12. Veterinarians (n = 28) were recruited to watch and assess 15 video recordings of cases of varying severity, using the Obel and "modified Obel" methods. The inter-observer agreement (reproducibility) was determined using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall W) and Krippendorf's alpha reliability coefficient. A total of 14 veterinarians repeated the exercise 2-4 weeks after their original assessment, to determine intra-observer agreement (repeatability), assessed using a weighted kappa statistic (kw). Agreement between methods was calculated by converting all "modified Obel" scores to Obel grades and calculating the mean and distribution of the differences. RESULTS The "modified Obel" and Obel methods showed excellent and similar inter-observer agreement based on the Kendall W value (0.87, P < 0.001 vs. 0.85, P < 0.001) and Krippendorf's alpha (95% CI) value (0.83 [0.53-0.90] vs. 0.77 [0.55-0.85]). Based on the kw value, the "modified Obel" method also had substantial repeatability, although slightly less than the Obel method, (0.80 vs. 0.91). Excellent agreement between the methods was found, with the mean difference (95% CI), comparing the Obel grade, with the "modified Obel" score converted to an Obel grade, being -0.12 (-0.19 to -0.06) grades. The Obel and converted "modified Obel" grades were identical 62% of the time (259/420) and a difference of one grade (higher or lower) occurred in 35% of cases (148/420). CONCLUSION Both methods show excellent agreement, reproducibility and repeatability when used to diagnose endocrinopathic laminitis. The "modified Obel" method is a three-step examination process for severity-scoring of endocrinopathic laminitis, initially proposed for use within a research setting. When using the modified method a diagnosis of laminitis also requires clinical acumen. The allocation of scores for specific clinical signs should be particularly useful in research trials monitoring laminitis recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Meier
- Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melody de Laat
- Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Pollitt
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | | | - James McGree
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin N. Sillence
- Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Morgan J, Stefanovski D, Lenfest M, Chatterjee S, Orsini J. Novel dry cryotherapy system for cooling the equine digit. Vet Rec Open 2018; 5:e000244. [PMID: 29344364 PMCID: PMC5761284 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2017-000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Digital cryotherapy is commonly used for laminitis prophylaxis and treatment. Currently validated methods for distal limb cryotherapy involve wet application or compression technology. There is a need for a practical, affordable, dry cryotherapy method that effectively cools the digit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hoof wall surface temperatures (HWSTs) achieved with a novel dry cryotherapy technology. Design Repeated-measures in vivo experimental study. Setting Experimental intervention at a single site. Participants 6 systemically healthy horses (3 mares, 3 geldings). Interventions Cryotherapy was applied to six horses for eight hours with a commercially available rubber and rubber and welded fabricice boot, which extended proximally to include the foot and pastern. Reusable malleable cold therapy packs were secured against the foot and pastern with the three built-in hook-and-loop fastener panels. Primary and secondary outcome measures HWST and pastern surface temperature of the cryotherapy-treated limb, HWST of the control limb and ambient temperature were recorded every five minutes throughout the study period. Results Results were analysed with mixed-effects multivariable regression analysis. The HWST (median 11.1°C, interquartile range 8.6°C–14.7°C) in the cryotherapy-treated limb was significantly decreased compared with the control limb (median 29.7°C, interquartile range 28.9°C–30.4°C) (P≤0.001). Cryotherapy limb HWST reached a minimum of 6.75°C (median) with an interquartile range of 4.1°C–9.3°C. Minimum HWST was achieved 68 minutes after cryotherapy pack application. Conclusions Dry application of cryotherapy significantly reduced HWST and reached minimums below the therapeutic target of 10°C. This cryotherapy method might offer an effective alternative for digital cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgan
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margret Lenfest
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sraboni Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Orsini
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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van Weeren PR, Back W. Musculoskeletal Disease in Aged Horses and Its Management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2016; 32:229-47. [PMID: 27449390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent health problem in aging horses. They are not life threatening, but are painful and an important welfare issue. Chronic joint disease (osteoarthritis) and chronic laminitis are the most prevalent. Treating osteoarthritis in the elderly horse is similar to treating performance horses, but aims at providing a stable situation with optimal comfort. Immediate medical treatment of flare-ups, long-term pain management, and adaptation of exercise and living conditions are the mainstays of treatment. Laminitis in the geriatric horse is related often to pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, which may be treated with additional pergolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Willem Back
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9280 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Goulet C, Olive J, Rossier Y, Beauchamp G. RADIOGRAPHIC AND ANATOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DORSAL HOOF WALL LAYERS IN NONLAMINITIC HORSES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:589-94. [PMID: 26226838 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early radiographic diagnosis of acute laminitis is important for treatment planning and prognosis in horses. While four histopathologic layers make up the hoof wall, only two layers are distinguished on digital radiographs of horses' hooves. Objectives of this descriptive study were to determine which macroscopic layers correspond to the two radiographically visible layers, and to describe radiographic layer measurements in a group of clinically sound Warmblood horses. Twelve ex vivo equine hooves were examined at three different levels of the dorsal hoof wall. The four macroscopic layers were variably grouped and compared with radiographic layers. Stratum externum and stratum medium represented the superficial radiographic layer while stratum internum and dermis parietis represented the deep layer. In 27 clinically sound horses (54 thoracic feet), the superficial radiographic layer represented 64.3% ± 3.6% of the total dorsal hoof wall. Findings from this study provided baseline information for future studies of horses with acute laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Goulet
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Julien Olive
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Yves Rossier
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
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Underwood C, Collins SN, van Eps AW, Allavena RE, Medina-Torres CE, Pollitt CC. Ultrafiltration of equine digital lamellar tissue. Vet J 2014; 202:314-22. [PMID: 25439438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are no experimentally validated pharmacological means of preventing laminitis; however, locally acting pharmaceutical agents with the potential to prevent laminitis have been identified. Demonstrating therapeutic drug concentrations in lamellar tissue is essential for evaluating the efficacy of these agents. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental technique for repeatedly sampling lamellar interstitial fluid. A technique for placing ultrafiltration probes was developed in vitro using 15 cadaver limbs. Subsequently, lamellar ultrafiltration probes were placed in one forelimb in six living horses. Interstitial fluid was collected continuously from the probes as ultrafiltrate for 4 (n = 4) or 14 days (n = 2). The rate of ultrafiltrate collection was calculated every 12 h. Biochemical analyses were performed on ultrafiltrate collected on night 1 (12-24 h post-implantation) and night 4 (84-96 h post-implantation). Sections surrounding the probe and control tissue from the contralateral limb were harvested, stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome and scored based on the tissue response to the probe. Ultrafiltration probes were placed in the lamellar tissue in all six horses. Ultrafiltrate was collected from these probes at 55 (30-63) μL/h (median [interquartile range]). Fluid production decreased significantly with time from night 3 onwards (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the constituents of the ultrafiltrate between nights 1 and 4 (P > 0.05). The technique was well tolerated. This study demonstrates that ultrafiltration can be used to sample equine digital lamellar interstitial fluid, and has potential for measuring lamellar drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Underwood
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
| | - Simon N Collins
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Andrew W van Eps
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Rachel E Allavena
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Carlos E Medina-Torres
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Christopher C Pollitt
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
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Secombe CJ, Lester GD. The role of diet in the prevention and management of several equine diseases. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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