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de Oliveira Cunha AL, de Souza Quevedo L, Pandolfo GW, Ikuta CY, de Quadros RM, de Castilho PV, de Souza GC, Nigro NP, Neto JSF, Casagrande RA. Case report: granulomatous hepatitis due to Mycobacterium avium in an Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) from Southern Brazilian coast. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10547-1. [PMID: 39302550 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a granulomatous hepatitis caused by Mycobacterium avium in an Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) found dead on Brazil southern coast. At necropsy, the albatross was cachectic and the liver was severely enlarged with multifocal to coalescing white nodules. Histopathological evaluation revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomas with caseous necrosis, surrounded by an infiltrate of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, and a thin capsule of fibrous connective tissue. The Fite-Faraco staining technique revealed multiple acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stained in magenta, predominantly in the areas of necrosis. Bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium avium in liver samples. This case underscores the importance of wildlife surveillance in coastal regions. Pelagic birds like the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross can harbor pathogenic agents that represent a threat to wildlife and domestic animals. Enhanced monitoring and research are essential to understand the epidemiology and potential risks associated with such infections in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura de Oliveira Cunha
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal (LAPA), Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Souza Quevedo
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal (LAPA), Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Willian Pandolfo
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal (LAPA), Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cassia Yumi Ikuta
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosiléia Marinho de Quadros
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Centro de Educação Superior da Região Sul, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Colombo Machado Salles, 1873, Praia do Gi, 88790-000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Volkmer de Castilho
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Centro de Educação Superior da Região Sul, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Colombo Machado Salles, 1873, Praia do Gi, 88790-000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristini de Souza
- Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias - Bacia de Santos (PMP-BS), Balneário Laguna Internacional, 88790-000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicole Porto Nigro
- Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias - Bacia de Santos (PMP-BS), Balneário Laguna Internacional, 88790-000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Assis Casagrande
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal (LAPA), Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Rudzki EN, Antonson ND, Jones TM, Schelsky WM, Trevelline BK, Hauber ME, Kohl KD. Host avian species and environmental conditions influence the microbial ecology of brood parasitic brown-headed cowbird nestlings: What rules the roost? Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17289. [PMID: 38327124 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The role of species interactions, as well as genetic and environmental factors, all likely contribute to the composition and structure of the gut microbiome; however, disentangling these independent factors under field conditions represents a challenge for a functional understanding of gut microbial ecology. Avian brood parasites provide unique opportunities to investigate these questions, as brood parasitism results in parasite and host nestlings being raised in the same nest, by the same parents. Here we utilized obligate brood parasite brown-headed cowbird nestlings (BHCO; Molothrus ater) raised by several different host passerine species to better understand, via 16S rRNA sequencing, the microbial ecology of brood parasitism. First, we compared faecal microbial communities of prothonotary warbler nestlings (PROW; Protonotaria citrea) that were either parasitized or non-parasitized by BHCO and communities among BHCO nestlings from PROW nests. We found that parasitism by BHCO significantly altered both the community membership and community structure of the PROW nestling microbiota, perhaps due to the stressful nest environment generated by brood parasitism. In a second dataset, we compared faecal microbiotas from BHCO nestlings raised by six different host passerine species. Here, we found that the microbiota of BHCO nestlings was significantly influenced by the parental host species and the presence of an inter-specific nestmate. Thus, early rearing environment is important in determining the microbiota of brood parasite nestlings and their companion nestlings. Future work may aim to understand the functional effects of this microbiota variability on nestling performance and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Rudzki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas D Antonson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Todd M Jones
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Wendy M Schelsky
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian K Trevelline
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center and Program in Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Seva J, Sanes JM, Mas A, Ramis G, Sánchez J, Párraga-Ros E. Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis in Feral Pigeons ( Columba livia) Associated with Difficulties Controlling Paratuberculosis in a Bovine Herd (Fighting Bull Breed). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233314. [PMID: 36496835 PMCID: PMC9739979 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A bovine herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (PTB) cohabiting with a population of pigeons was studied (2011−2020). After finding the disease in 2011, annual monitoring was performed in 2012−2014 by obtaining blood samples for ELISA and intradermal tuberculinization (IT) tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Positive animals were eliminated. PTB prevalence dropped from 10% to 0% but returned to similar values (9.5%) after 6 years without tests. In all animals, Ac values according to the optical density (OD) determined by ELISA increased each year and could be used to isolate herds close to the cutoff point to improve PTB control. Possible reservoirs were considered after evaluating the little success of the PTB control program, and the population of feral pigeons was studied. Specifically, 10% of the pigeon population (n = 13) was necropsied. Samples of intestine, feces, and foot skin for PCR study for MAP and samples of terminal intestine for histopathological analysis were taken. Eleven pigeons were PCR-positive against MAP, in the intestine (10/11), foot skin (3/11), and feces (1/11). The presence of MAP in pigeon feet could demonstrate its role as a mechanical disseminator of PTB, while the presence in pigeon intestine and feces could also suggest its role as a reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Manuel Sanes
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Mas
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ester Párraga-Ros
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Schmidt V, Köhler H, Heenemann K, Möbius P. Mycobacteriosis in Various Pet and Wild Birds from Germany: Pathological Findings, Coinfections, and Characterization of Causative Mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0045222. [PMID: 35852339 PMCID: PMC9430480 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00452-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 50 birds diagnosed with mycobacteriosis were examined for pathomorphological lesions, coinfections, and causative agents. Mycobacterial species were identified and isolates differentiated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit variable-number of tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis. Possible associations between mycobacterial species, pathomorphological findings, coinfections, bird orders, and husbandry conditions were evaluated statistically. Mycobacteria were isolated from 34 birds (13 of 22 Psittaciformes, 12 of 18 Passeriformes, five of six Columbiformes, and four other orders) belonging to 26 species in total. Mycobacterium genavense (Mg) was cultured from 15 birds, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) from 20 birds, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) from three birds; hence, four birds had mixed infections. About equal numbers of psittacines and passerines were infected with Ma and Mg. The genetic diversity differed; Mg isolates belonged to one MLST type, Maa to six, and Mah to three combined genotypes. Several coinfections were detected; viruses and/or endoparasites affected 44%, fungi 38%, and bacteria 29% of the birds. Pathological findings and mycobacteriosis-affected organs were independent of coinfections. Overall, gross pathological findings were more often seen in mycobacteriosis caused by Ma (95%) compared with Mg (66%). Organ distribution of mycobacteriosis was independent of the mycobacterial species. Pathomorphological changes were seen in the small intestine of 71% and the lung of 65% of the birds, suggesting oral or pulmonal ingestion of mycobacteria. There were no associations between mycobacterial species and bird orders or bird husbandry conditions. Not only Mg, but also Maa and Mah, were clearly identified as primary cause of mycobacteriosis in pet birds. IMPORTANCE In this study, the causative agents and confounding factors of mycobacteriosis in a set of pet and some wild birds from Germany were examined. Not only Mycobacterium genavense, but also M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis, contributed to mycobacteriosis in these birds. Various coinfections did not affect the manifestation of mycobacteriosis. Due to different gross necropsy findings, however, a different pathogenicity of the two species was assumed. New strains of M. avium subsp. hominissuis originating from birds were identified and characterized, which is important for epidemiological studies and for understanding the zoonotic role of this pathogen, as the subsp. hominissuis represents an increasing public health concern. The study provides some evidence of correlation between M. avium subsp. avium genotypes and virulence which will have to be confirmed by broader studies.
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Grants
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Anmial Health), Jena, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra Möbius
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
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Bertram CA, Halter L, Feyer S, Klopfleisch R, Müller K. Retrobulbar Adenocarcinoma with Subconjunctival Extension in a Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:78-84. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Lamb SK, Reavill D, Wolking R, Dahlhausen B. Retrospective Review of Mycobacterial Conjunctivitis in Cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 34:250-259. [PMID: 33099978 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiologic disease organism responsible for causing mycobacteriosis in avian species is an acid-fast gram-positive bacterium. This bacterium causes granulomatous disease in various internal organs, but in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) it has been commonly identified within the conjunctival tissues. Twenty-six cases of mycobacterial conjunctivitis in cockatiels were diagnosed through histopathologic assessment of diseased tissue samples, Fite acid-fast staining, and polymerase chain reaction in this retrospective study. Clinicians who saw these cases were contacted, and information was obtained regarding recommended treatment protocols prescribed for the patients, the Mycobacterium species identified, and case outcomes. All patients in this retrospective study had a biopsy performed on the affected conjunctival tissue, and because of the small size of the patients, this excisional biopsy removed the affected tissue in its entirety or significantly debulked the lesion. Of the 26 cases, 10 were lost to follow-up, 4 were euthanatized, 7 died, and 5 were alive at the time this information was submitted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drury Reavill
- Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA 95608, USA
| | - Rebecca Wolking
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bob Dahlhausen
- Veterinary Molecular Diagnostics, Milford, OH 45150, USA
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Ledwoń A, Miąsko M, Napiórkowska A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Parniewski P, Majchrzak M, Czopowicz M, Adamczyk K, Bonecka J, Szeleszczuk P. Case Study and Attempt of Treatment of Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium avium in a Parental Flock of Meat-Breed Pigeons. Avian Dis 2021; 64:335-342. [PMID: 33205182 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed in a parental loft of 70 meat-breed pigeons. It was decided to undertake treatment as the birds represented a substantial value to the owner. A multiagent therapy using azithromycin, marbofloxacin, and ethambutol was administered. After 4 mo of therapy, the desired results were not obtained. At the end of treatment, the birds were in poor general condition, with white blood cells above 20 g/L, and after clutching, 2-yr-old and older birds were euthanatized. Overall, postmortem lesions were found in 17 out of 49 necropsied individuals. Slide agglutination tests with a M. avium subsp. avium lysate were conducted in all examined pigeons. In 28 pigeons, blood count was conducted once a month during therapy, while in 24 pigeons, a tuberculin sensitivity test was conducted before the planned euthanatization. The tuberculin sensitivity test did not prove useful in the diagnosis of ill individuals. Slide agglutination yielded positive results in only four birds, all of which also had postmortem lesions. Blood count in a large number of cases allowed distinguishing between ill and healthy individuals, which was used for subsequent selection. The comparison of cultured strains with the (CCG)4-based PCR method showed the variation of M. avium isolates up to a maximum of 30%. The described case proves that the treatment of mycobacteriosis in pigeon flocks is not effective, mainly due to the high resistance to M. avium subsp. avium. In addition, therapy may contribute to an even greater increase in mycobacterial resistance to antibiotics, which may pose a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ledwoń
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Miąsko
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St. 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Napiórkowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St. 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St. 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Adamczyk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonecka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St. 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Thorel M, Chavatte JM, Landau I, Lemberger K, Leclerc A. First case of Plasmodium relictum lineage pGRW11 infection in a captive-bred common eider (Somateria Mollissima) in Europe. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 23:100529. [PMID: 33678383 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old, female common Eider (Somateria mollissima) was presented for mild lethargy with no previous medical history. Numerous intraerythrocytic, round-shaped inclusions were visualized on blood smears, later morphologically identified as Plasmodium relictum parasites. Despite oral doxycycline treatment, clinical condition declined 48 h later. Supportive care was initiated, but the bird died rapidly. Necropsy revealed acute, internal hemorrhages (lungs, air sacs) and subcutaneous, diffuse cervical hematoma, associated with resuscitation attempts. Marked, multicentric amyloidosis (kidney, liver, spleen) was the main histological finding. Molecular analysis identified lineage pGRW11 of P. relictum. This is the first reported case of P. relictum lineage pGRW11 infection in a common Eider. This report describes the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and associated pathological findings of infection by P. relictum lineage pGRW11 in a common Eider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Thorel
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, 41110 Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Malaria Reference Centre - National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Level 13, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308422, Singapore
| | - Irène Landau
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Karin Lemberger
- Vet Diagnostics, 3 Avenue de la Victoire, 69260 Charbonnières-les-Bains, France
| | - Antoine Leclerc
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, 41110 Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, France
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LEDWOŃ ALEKSANDRA, NAPIÓRKOWSKA AGNIESZKA, AUGUSTYNOWICZ- KOPEĆ EWA, SZELESZCZUK PIOTR. Drug Susceptibility of Non-tuberculous Strains of Mycobacterium Isolated from Birds from Poland. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:487-492. [PMID: 30550235 PMCID: PMC7256868 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterioses are a constant problem in backyard poultry, as well as pet birds. To date, no evidence of direct transmission of atypical bacilli between humans has been demonstrated, but it cannot be ruled out that sick animals can be a source of infection for people in their environment. The aim of the study was to identify mycobacteria isolated from birds with diagnosed mycobacteriosis and to determine the susceptibility of mycobacterial isolates from these animals to antituberculous drugs most commonly used in the treatment of mycobacterial infections in humans. For drug susceptibility tests, drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, capreomycin, cycloserine and ethionamide were used. A high degree of drug resistance was demonstrated, particularly in Mycobacterium avium . Isolates of Mycobacterium xenopi showed a relatively good susceptibility to the drugs tested. The drug resistance of Mycobacterium genavense has not been determined, but this mycobacterium was identified in ten cases, which is the second most frequent occurrence in the cases studied. Mycobacterioses are a constant problem in backyard poultry, as well as pet birds. To date, no evidence of direct transmission of atypical bacilli between humans has been demonstrated, but it cannot be ruled out that sick animals can be a source of infection for people in their environment. The aim of the study was to identify mycobacteria isolated from birds with diagnosed mycobacteriosis and to determine the susceptibility of mycobacterial isolates from these animals to antituberculous drugs most commonly used in the treatment of mycobacterial infections in humans. For drug susceptibility tests, drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, capreomycin, cycloserine and ethionamide were used. A high degree of drug resistance was demonstrated, particularly in Mycobacterium avium. Isolates of Mycobacterium xenopi showed a relatively good susceptibility to the drugs tested. The drug resistance of Mycobacterium genavense has not been determined, but this mycobacterium was identified in ten cases, which is the second most frequent occurrence in the cases studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALEKSANDRA LEDWOŃ
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - AGNIESZKA NAPIÓRKOWSKA
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - EWA AUGUSTYNOWICZ- KOPEĆ
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - PIOTR SZELESZCZUK
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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MYCOBACTERIOSIS IN CAPTIVE PSITTACINES: A BRIEF REVIEW AND CASE SERIES IN COMMON COMPANION SPECIES (ECLECTUS RORATUS, AMAZONA ORATRIX, AND PIONITES MELANOCEPHALA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:851-858. [PMID: 28920813 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, three psittacines were presented within 30 days, each with differing clinical signs and patient histories. A 13-yr-old male eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) was presented for weakness, depression, and acute anorexia. On presentation it was determined to have a heart murmur, severely elevated white blood cell count (93.9 103/μl) with a left shift (2.8 103/μl bands), and anemia (30%). Severe hepatomegaly was noted on radiographs, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. A cytological sample of the liver obtained through a fine needle aspirate revealed intracellular acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium avium. A 20-yr-old female double yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona oratrix) was presented for a 1-mo history of lethargy and weight loss despite a good appetite. The parrot's total white blood cell count was 16.8 103/μl and the PCV was 35%. Following its death, a necropsy revealed a generalized granulomatous condition that involved the small intestines, lungs, liver, spleen, and medullary cavities of the long bones, with intracellular acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium genavense. The third case, an 18-mo-old female black-headed caique (Pionites melanocephala), was presented with a 1-day history of lethargy and depression. On presentation, the caique had a heart murmur, distended coelom, palpable thickening of the coelomic organs, and increased lung sounds. Following the caique's death, a complete necropsy revealed mycobacteriosis of the liver, spleen, small intestines, pericardial fat, and bone marrow. The infection was identified as Mycobacterium genavense. The importance of advances in Mycobacterium spp. identification, continued presence of this organism in captive avian populations, difficulty in obtaining a definitive antemortem diagnosis, and conflicting recommendations regarding treatment are thought-provoking areas of focus in this case series.
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11
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Fukano H, Wada S, Kurata O, Katayama K, Fujiwara N, Hoshino Y. Mycobacterium stephanolepidis sp. nov., a rapidly growing species related to Mycobacterium chelonae, isolated from marine teleost fish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2811-2817. [PMID: 28857733 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed rapidly growing, non-pigmented mycobacterium was identified based on biochemical and nucleic acid analyses, as well as growth characteristics. Seven isolates were cultured from samples collected from five thread-sail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and two farmed black scraper (Thamnaconus modestus). Bacterial growth occurred at 15-35 °C on Middlebrook 7H11 agar. The bacteria were positive for catalase activity at 68 °C and urease activity, intermediate for iron uptake, and negative for Tween 80 hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, semi-quantitative catalase activity and arylsulfatase activity at day 3. No growth was observed on Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with picric acid, and very little growth was observed in the presence of 5 % NaCl. α- and α'-mycolates were identified in the cell walls, and a unique profile of the fatty acid methyl esters and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiles of the protein and cell-wall lipids were acquired. Sequence analysis revealed that the seven isolates shared identical sequences for the 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65, recA and sodA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the five gene sequences confirmed that the isolates were unique, but closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin against this novel species was <0.25 µg ml-1, which was lower than that for Mycobacterium salmoniphilum. The hsp65 PCR restriction enzyme analysis pattern differed from those of M. chelonae and M. salmoniphilum. Based on these findings, the name Mycobacterium stephanolepidis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with the type strain being NJB0901T (=JCM 31611T=KCTC 39843T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Fukano
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.,Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kinya Katayama
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, 3-1-3 Gakuen-Minami, Nara, 631-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
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12
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Dovč A, Jereb G, Krapež U, Gregurić-Gračner G, Pintarič Š, Slavec B, Knific RL, Kastelic M, Kvapil P, Mićunović J, Vadnjal S, Ocepek M, Zadravec M, Zorman-Rojs O. Occurrence of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Common and Noninvasive Diagnostic Sampling from Parrots and Racing Pigeons in Slovenia. Avian Dis 2017; 60:487-92. [PMID: 27309292 DOI: 10.1637/11373-011116-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens can cause infections within parrot (Psittaciformes) and pigeon (Columbiformes) holdings and, in the case of zoonoses, can even spread to humans. Air sampling is a useful, noninvasive method which can enhance the common sampling methods for detection of microorganisms in bird flocks. In this study, fecal and air samples were taken from four parrot holdings. Additionally, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as air samples were taken from 15 racing pigeon holdings. Parrots were examined for psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV), proventricular dilatation disease virus (PDDV), adenoviruses (AdVs), avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), avian influenza virus (AIV), Chlamydia psittaci (CP), and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC and AdVs were detected in three parrot holdings, CP was detected in two parrot holdings, and PBFDV and PDDV were each detected in one parrot holding. Pigeons were examined for the pigeon circovirus (PiCV), AdVs, and CP; PiCV and AdVs were detected in all investigated pigeon holdings and CP was detected in five pigeon holdings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Dovč
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jereb
- B University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gordana Gregurić-Gračner
- C University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Behaviour and Welfare, Heinzelova 55, 10.000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Štefan Pintarič
- D University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Environmental and Animal Hygiene with Ethology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Renata Lindtner Knific
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Pavel Kvapil
- E Zoo Ljubljana, Večna pot 70, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Mićunović
- F University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanka Vadnjal
- G University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Hygiene, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- F University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Zadravec
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olga Zorman-Rojs
- A University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Health Care of Poultry, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Zhu DK, Song XH, Wang JB, Zhou WS, Ou XM, Chen HX, Liu MF, Wang MS, Jia RY, Chen S, Sun KF, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen XY, Cheng AC. Outbreak of Avian Tuberculosis in Commercial Domestic Pekin Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Avian Dis 2017; 60:677-80. [PMID: 27610730 DOI: 10.1637/11396-021916-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian tuberculosis is a contagious disease affecting various domestic and wild bird species, and is caused by Mycobacterium avium . It is reported extremely rarely in commercial poultry flocks and has not been reported in commercial domestic ducks to date, with domestic ducks reported to be moderately resistant to M. avium infection. Here, we report the outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial Pekin duck ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica) flocks. Postmortem and histopathologic findings included nodules presenting in the visceral organs of ducks, and granulomas with central caseous necrosis surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. The M. avium pathogen was isolated and further identified by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR based on insert sequence IS901 and the 16S rRNA gene. We highlight that avian tuberculosis not only has economic significance for the duck industry, but also presents a potential zoonotic hazard to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Kang Zhu
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Heng Song
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Wang
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Shu Zhou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Ming Ou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Xi Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ma-Feng Liu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun-Feng Sun
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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14
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Landman WJM, Molenaar RJ, Cian A, van der Heijden HMJF, Viscogliosi E. Granuloma disease in flocks of productive layers caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:465-77. [PMID: 26950827 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1163325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, seven outbreaks of granuloma disease occurred in Dutch flocks of productive layers housed on different farms. These outbreaks were characterized by increased mortality and high incidence of granulomas, mainly in caeca (340/408 hens = 83%) and livers (69/408 hens = 17%). Mortality started to increase between 21 and 35 weeks of age and reached 3.7% to 11.0% exceeding the breeder's norm in periods ranging from 9 to 48 weeks. Some flocks also showed decreased egg production and/or loss of mean egg weight. All affected flocks were linked to one rearing farm, which therefore seemed to be the source of the disease. However, no signs of disease had been observed at this rearing farm. Sentinel hens placed in one of the affected flocks to determine whether the disease had an infectious nature developed granulomas identical to those seen in the outbreaks. Next, by fulfilling Koch's postulates it was shown that Tetratrichomonas gallinarum was the aetiological agent of the granuloma disease. The condition was reproduced in mature specified pathogen free White Leghorn hens (GD - Animal Health, Deventer, the Netherlands) by inoculation via both an artificial and a natural route with a well-defined axenic T. gallinarum isolate obtained from one of the affected flocks. Other causes of granuloma disease were excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R J Molenaar
- a GD - Animal Health , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - A Cian
- b CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | | | - E Viscogliosi
- b CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
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15
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Thirunavukkarasu S, Plain KM, de Silva K, Marais BJ, Whittington RJ. Applying the One Health Concept to Mycobacterial Research - Overcoming Parochialism. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:401-422. [PMID: 28084673 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections remain a public health problem. Historically important, globally ubiquitous and with a wide host range, we are still struggling to control mycobacterial infections in humans and animals. While previous reviews have focused on individual mycobacterial infections in either humans or animals, a comprehensive review of the zoonotic aspect of mycobacteria in the context of the One Health initiative is lacking. With the purpose of providing a concise and comprehensive resource, we have collated literature to address the zoonotic potential of different mycobacterial species and elaborate on the necessity for an inter-sectorial approach to attain a new vision to combat mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thirunavukkarasu
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Boise Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | - K M Plain
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K de Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B J Marais
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity and the Centre for Research Excellence in Emerging Infections, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Whittington
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium avium, Isolated from Commercial Domestic Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica), Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e00769-16. [PMID: 27587804 PMCID: PMC5009961 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00769-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is an important pathogenic bacterium in birds and has never, to our knowledge, reported to be isolated from domestic ducks. We present here the complete genome sequence of a virulent strain of Mycobacterium avium, isolated from domestic Pekin ducks for the first time, which was determined by PacBio single-molecule real-time technology.
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17
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Sánchez FD, Yela IJ, Alfonseca E, Campuzano J, Morales E, Aguilar C. Respiratory tract infection caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a black swan (Cygnus atratus). Avian Pathol 2016; 45:126-31. [PMID: 26743683 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old male black swan (Cygnus atratus), belonging to a private collection, died suddenly and was subjected to post mortem examination. At necropsy, caseous exudate was observed in the lungs and air sacs; granulomatous lesions characterized by epithelioid macrophages and abundant mycobacteria were observed microscopically. Avian tuberculosis associated with Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed by bacteriologic isolation, biochemical tests and molecular methods. The organism was identified as spoligotype SB0140, which is frequently found in cattle and people in North America. In this case, interspecies transmission could have been the source of infection because the swan cohabited with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Sánchez
- a Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - I J Yela
- b Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - E Alfonseca
- b Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - J Campuzano
- c Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - E Morales
- c Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - C Aguilar
- d Práctica en clínica privada , México DF , Mexico
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18
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Kane LP, Welle KR, Hsiao V. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Haridy M, Fukuta M, Mori Y, Ito H, Kubo M, Sakai H, Yanai T. An outbreak of Mycobacterium genavense infection in a flock of captive diamond doves (Geopelia cuneata). Avian Dis 2015; 58:383-90. [PMID: 25518432 DOI: 10.1637/10775-011714-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two diamond doves (Geopelia cuneata) in a flock of 23 birds housed in an aviary in a zoo in central Japan were found dead as a result of mycobacteriosis. Fecal samples of the remaining doves were positive for mycobacterial infection, and thus they were euthanatized. Clinical signs and gross pathology, including weight loss and sudden death and slight enlargement of the liver and intestine, were observed in a small number of birds (3/23). Disseminated histiocytic infiltration of either aggregates or sheets of epithelioid cells containing acid-fast bacilli, in the absence of caseous necrosis, were observed in different organs of the infected doves, especially lungs (23/23), intestines (9/23), livers (7/23), and hearts (6/23). Mycobacterium sp. was isolated from the livers of three birds (3/23). DNA extracted from frozen liver and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (5/23) were used for amplification of the gene encoding mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65). The causative Mycobacterium species was identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Mycobacterium genavense infection was confirmed in three of the diamond doves. Moreover, partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed 100% identity across the three samples tested, and 99.77% nucleotide homology of the isolate sequence to M. genavense. The main route of M. genavense infection in the diamond doves was most likely airborne, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk of airborne transmission between humans and birds.
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20
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Shrader SM, Ellis AE, Howerth EW. Pathology in practice. Hepatic and splenic myelocytomatosis in an eastern screech owl. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:1393-5. [PMID: 24871061 DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.12.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Shrader
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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21
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Experimental inoculation of BFDV-positive budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with two Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:418563. [PMID: 24738057 PMCID: PMC3971543 DOI: 10.1155/2014/418563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beak and feather disease virus- (BFDV-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (Pavo cristatus). During a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for BFDV and Mycobacterium avium testing with PCR. Birds were euthanized nine weeks after inoculation. All infected budgerigars developed signs typical of mycobacteriosis, but more advanced clinical and pathological changes were visible in the group infected with the pheasant isolate. Only a few cloacal and crop swab samples were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium despite advanced pathological changes in the internal organs. In the groups infected with mycobacterium isolates the frequency of BFDV-positive samples was higher than in the control group. In the infected groups the frequency of BFDV was substantially higher in the cloacal swabs of birds inoculated with the pheasant isolate than in the peafowl-isolate-infected group.
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22
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Brandão J, Wong C, Kurotaki T, Johnson J, Mitchell M, Roy A, Pucheu-Haston C, Del Piero F, Tully T. Chronic dermatitis caused by Lactobacillus jensenii infection in a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1030-4. [PMID: 24050571 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.7.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 5-year-old sexually intact female blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was evaluated because of a swelling on the right side of the face and irritated area on the ventral aspect of the keel. CLINICAL FINDINGS Clinical findings were consistent with dermatitis (right facial lesion) and a coalescing subdermal granuloma (ventral keel lesion). Hematologic analysis revealed monocytosis and mild anemia. Histologic evaluation of the ventral keel lesion revealed evidence of chronic heterophilic dermatitis with multinucleated giant cells and bacterial rods and cocci. An unspeciated gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium was isolated via aerobic bacterial culture. Results of bacterial biochemical tests suggested the organism was a type of Actinomyces. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed; results indicated the organism was Lactobacillus jensenii. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Extensive surgical debridement of the branching granuloma, which extended throughout the length of the keel, followed by long-term treatment with ciprofloxacin and clindamycin provided full resolution of clinical signs. No recrudescence of clinical signs was evident for up to 18 months after the initial evaluation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of Lactobacillus-associated dermatitis or subdermal granuloma in the scientific literature and the second report of L jensenii in avian species. Use of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was instrumental in the identification of this fastidious organism, indicating the method's usefulness as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Brandão
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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