Reproductive Medicine in Ferrets

Diagnostic Imaging for Assessment of the Endocrine System in Exotic Animals

Diagnostic imaging can provide essential evidence supporting the diagnosis of endocrine diseases in exotic companion animals. The specific modality chosen depends on species, specific disease process/organ affected, equipment availability, and often, cost to the owner. While radiography is widely available in veterinary practices, the sensitivity for visualization of endocrine organs is low. Therefore, ultrasonography, computed tomography, or MRI may be preferred. Other specialized imaging modalities are useful for specific disease processes, such as nuclear scintigraphy and PET. This article compiles current evidence for diagnostic imaging of the endocrine system in exotic animals, organized by imaging modality, species, and disease process.